On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the new CPPCC was officially held. The meeting discussed and passed four resolutions: the national flag, capital, calendar and national anthem. However, the design drawings of the national emblem were somewhat unsatisfactory and could not be determined for a long time. Therefore, the presidium of the conference decided to invite experts to design the national emblem pattern separately. On the Founding Ceremony, the original place where the national emblem was originally designed to hang the banner "Create of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China" was also hung.
000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 Under the instructions of Premier Zhou, two design groups conducted a design competition for the national emblem plan. One is the Tsinghua University design team. This team is led by Professor Liang Sicheng, director of the Department of Construction of Tsinghua University. The members include architects Lin Huiyin, Gaozhuang , painter Li Zongjin , architectural design expert Mo Zongjiang , etc.
Liang Sicheng Lin Huiyin
Another is the design group of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, led by Zhang Ding, professor of the Department of Practical Art of the Central Academy of Fine Arts, and Zhong Ling, the Administration of Government Affairs of the Government. The members include art experts such as Zhang Guangyu , Zhou Lingzhao , and Zhang Ding and Zhong Ling jointly designed the National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference emblem and commemorative stamps for the first National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference.
Zhangding
Most of the scholars and experts from the Tsinghua University group study architecture and have a background in studying abroad. Their plan takes "yuan", that is, the big cave jade bi as the theme, emphasizing Chinese characteristics . Most of the people from the Central Academy of Fine Arts group came from Yan'an and were deeply baptized by the revolution. Their design philosophy emphasizes highlighting the characteristics of the regime. Therefore, the two groups have very different solutions.
Zhongnanhai Waiting Yuexuan
In Zhongnanhai, the two groups of experts often have heated discussions on some design ideas. Once, the Central Academy of Fine Arts, led by Zhang Ding, proposed to design the pattern of Tiananmen into the national emblem, with the reason that "Tiananmen was created by the working people, the birthplace of the May Fourth Movement and the place where the first national flag was raised at the founding ceremony."
What is the attitude of Liang Si to become the Tsinghua University group in the face of this proposal? They expressed their firm opposition. They insisted that there should be no buildings on the national emblem, and they believed that Tiananmen was a symbol of feudal emperors and must not be placed on the national emblem.
Founding Ceremony Military Parade on Tiananmen Square
No one of them could convince anyone. In the end, the dispute between the two sides was reflected to Chairman Mao. After listening to the opinions of both sides, Chairman Mao said: Tiananmen Square should not be regarded as a symbol of feudalism, but as a symbol of democracy and a symbol of revolution. After affirming the creativity of Central Academy of Fine Arts, Premier Zhou put forward another suggestion: the entire national emblem should reflect an upward, loud and upright tone and atmosphere, and also add a pattern design to the national emblem. What pattern should I add?
Prince Zhou then talked about a past event. He said that it was in the winter of 1942, when the mountain city of Chongqing was filled with cold winds, Comrade Song Ching Ling was at her residence, and he held a tea party to see off Comrade Dong Biwu back to Yan'an. Comrade Zhou Enlai and Deng Yingchao were also invited to attend.
Zhou Enlai, Dong Biwu, Ye Jianying and others placed two strings of full ears of grain sent by farmers in the suburbs of Chongqing on the Chongqing tea table, which were shining golden by the fire. At this time, someone praised the ears of grain as if they were gold. Soong Ching Ling said: "It is more precious than gold. Eighty percent of China's population are farmers. If the grains are abundant every year, the people will have enough food and clothing." Comrade Zhou Enlai stroked the full ears of grain and said meaningfully: "When the whole country is liberated, we will paint the ears of grain on the national emblem." Therefore, Premier Zhou proposed that there should be ears of grain in the pattern. His proposal was unanimously endorsed by two design groups.
Central Academy of Fine Arts Group Design Plan
After determining the direction, the experts and scholars of the two design groups worked day and night. They also widely absorbed the opinions and suggestions of people from all walks of life and referred to a large amount of domestic and foreign materials. At this time, Liang Sicheng and Lin Huiyin, who had old diseases, were both feeling unwell, but they still insisted on working while they were sick.
On the evening of June 20, 1950, the National Emblem Review Group discussed the National Emblem Plan for the last time. This painting is the plan of the Central Academy of Fine Arts. The Tiananmen Gate in the central part stands solemnly, with blue sky above it, surrounded by ears of grain on both sides, making it look colorful.
Tsinghua University Group Design Plan
And this is the plan of Tsinghua University. The Tiananmen Square in the center is a front elevation view. The five-star red flag pattern covers the sky, surrounded by gears, ears of grain and belt. The entire pattern is intersected with gold and red, making it look auspicious and solemn and grand.
Premier Zhou Enlai attended the venue and listened carefully to the opinions of all the judges. The national emblem plan designed by Liang Sicheng and others in Tsinghua University Group was finally selected and sent to the CPPCC Conference for voting. On June 28, the Eighth Session of the Central People's Government Committee passed the "National Emblem Pattern of the People's Republic of China and the Explanation of Design Patterns" proposed by the Second Session of the First CPPCC, which formally determined the pattern of the national emblem.
Chairman Mao presided over the meeting to discuss the national emblem pattern
On September 20, 1950, Chairman Mao Zedong signed an order to announce to the world national emblem of the People's Republic of China! This is the story of the birth of the national emblem of New China.
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