Author: Dongxu
On November 11, 1954, from the rehearsal of the General Political Department Art Troupe in Xinjiekoukou to Babaoshan in the western suburbs, a special funeral team appeared on the road.
is special because the person carrying the coffin is very unusual.
The coffin carrying the coffin on the left side are five marshals Peng, He, Chen, Nie, and Ye and other powerful generals; on the left are two vice chairman Peng Zhen and Chen Shutong, as well as the "two old men" Wu Yuzhang and Xu Teli of the "Five Olds in Yan'an". The lead on the right side of
is weeks of .
This funeral ceremony was called "Shouhua" in ancient times. "Book of Rites. Qu Li": "If you don't climb the ridge for the tomb, you must hold a burial for the funeral." It means that holding a burial is the highest respect for the deceased; generally speaking, only juniors and subordinates will hold a burial for him.
So, who is the deceased?
What achievements did the deceased do to make so many big people mourn him?
(I) Design a military flag
August 7, 1927 was a very special moment. Just over a week after Nanchang Uprising , the "87 Conference " of important historical significance was held in Hankou . At the meeting, the Chairman put forward the idea of "gun barrel" and decided to hold the Autumn Harvest Uprising .
Before the uprising, the Chairman found that our army still lacked a flag.
He said that the Autumn Harvest Uprising should "flirt our flag high."
The task of designing the military flag fell on Chen Shuhua , He Changgong, and Yang Lisan.
We all know about He Changgong, so there is no need to introduce it.
Chen Shuhua, from Hunan, was born in Huangpu Fourth Period, and later rebelled.
Yang Lisan, from Hunan, was born on November 18, 1900 in a poor peasant family in the suburbs of Changsha. The family is poor.
With the support of relatives and friends, he went to private schools and elementary schools and was also half a scholar.
Therefore, after joining Hunan Army in 1920, he was arranged to be a clerk and also served as the regiment chief and the junta chief.
He is the chairman's fellow villager, participated in the peasant movement workshop, listened to the chairman's speech, and joined the organization.
The three people feel very honored for this glorious task of the facility flag.
But they were unsure of what they wanted to design, and the situation was urgent, so they could only work overtime.
Xushui County Chamber of Commerce Hall, under a dim kerosene lamp, the three of them began to design the military flag.
He Changgong had seen the flag of the Soviet Red Army flag. He believed that since they were all red teams, they might as well learn from their elements and styles; therefore, a design plan was released: the bottom of the flag is red, symbolizing revolution; the five stars in the center of the flag represent our party, the sickle and axe within the five stars represent workers and peasants, and the Baihan pipe on the left side of the flag reads "The First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army" is written on it.
Yang Lisan not only participated in the design, but also the words "First Division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolutionary Army" on the Baihan Pass were also written by him. The font is vigorous and powerful, complementing the mighty military flag, and it is integrated.
Chairman saw the designed military flag and applauded repeatedly.
From then on, under the guidance of the military flag, Red Army moved forward bravely and continued to win victory.
The military flag style of the Workers' and Peasants' Revolutionary Army was later modified several times, but the basic cases of forming the military flag: five-pointed star, sickle, axe and bright red colors have been preserved.
Yang Lisan's contribution is much more than that. During the Red Army period, Yang Lisan was responsible for logistics support and served as director of the Military Resources Storage Department, director of the Red Army General Hospital, director of the War Station Department and political commissar, making significant contributions to breaking the enemy's blockade and consolidating the revolutionary base area.
The ancients said that before the troops move, food and grass will come first; Napoleon said that soldiers rely on stomach wars; the Red Army won one victory after another, which is inseparable from Yang Lisan's work.
In order to do a good job in logistics support, he also invented a word.
(II) Invented a word
Yang Lisan also invented a Chinese character - 黑黑黑.
As we all know, around 1940, it was the most difficult period of the Anti-Japanese War.Due to the Japanese army's mobilization and blockade of the base areas, coupled with droughts, floods and locust plagues that have not been encountered in a century, the grain harvest has soared and the food prices have increased exponentially.
The people have a hard time, and the lives of the Eighth Route Army military workers are also in trouble. In addition to the supply of work clothes, their food and expenses are maintained by wages.
You should know that they are not the same person. Many people have family members and rely on their wages to support their families.
Yang Lisan, deputy chief of staff and director of the logistics department of the Eighth Route Army, saw it in his eyes, was anxious in his heart, restless in his sleep and food, and worried.
How can we make good bullets and defeat the Japanese invaders if we don’t let the workers eat enough?
Yang Lisan thought about it and came up with a solution, which was to no longer send money to military workers, but to send physical goods.
means to use physical objects to calculate wages in units of currency. After the superior research, Yang Lisan's plan was approved.
Yang Lisan invented a word - "天天", which replaces currency and serves as a salary unit.
In the past, the physical objects represented by a "bag" were: two kilograms of medium millet, one kilogram of medium wheat, five cents of oil and salt each, plus one square foot of medium white soil cloth...
After calculating wages in units of large scale, workers' lives were no longer affected by price fluctuations. Their basic lives were guaranteed and their enthusiasm for work was greatly improved.
This ensures the supply of military supplies and creates conditions for victory in the War of Resistance. This "physical division" system was implemented for a while until , after the founding of New China, and was not cancelled until 1950.
(III) Thinking about four tips
Not only military workers, but also soldiers on the front line of the Eighth Route Army also encountered great difficulties.
The Eighth Route Army sincerely resisted the war and was supported by the people.
As the war progresses, more and more people join the team, and the team develops very quickly.
Initially, the Eighth Route Army had only more than 40,000 people. After 1940, the Eighth Route Army's strength increased by 7 times to about 300,000.
However, Jiang only recognized the 45,000 people in the organization, and the excess troops did not send bullets or military pay.
Even if the military pay of the staff is in charge, it cannot be paid on time. Sometimes it will take two or three months.
Disasters occur frequently, prices soaring, troops expanding, and military pay arrears. The Eighth Route Army is in a worrying situation and struggling.
Not to mention fighting against Japan, survival will become a problem if it continues like this.
People turn their attention to the "steward" of the Eighth Route Army, Yang Lisan, deputy chief of staff, director of the logistics department and political commissar of the Eighth Route Army.
But everyone also knows that he has a hidden secret. As the saying goes, a good wife cannot cook without rice. Yang Lisan is not Sun Wukong, and he cannot produce food and military pay.
Regarding the issue of arrears of military pay, Yang Lisan reported to Mr. Zhou and Mr. Zhu, asking them to urge military pay through relationships.
Zhou Gong is the director of the Political Department of the Whampoa Military Academy, with his disciples everywhere; Zhu De participated in the Tongmenghui and the Dharma Protector War, and his connections were not ordinary.
urged each other, and they really had to get back several months of military pay, which solved the Eighth Route Army's urgent needs.
The military pay owed by the owed can only be considered a drop in the bucket, because the Eighth Route Army soldiers have too many troops.
Yang Lisan has many methods, there are a few of them in total.
First, mobilize patriots from all walks of life to donate.
Every time the Eighth Route Army wins a battle, Yang Lisan will seize the opportunity to hold a press conference and celebrate the celebration; contact reporters to interview and post.
In this way, patriots will actively donate money and materials.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, more than 4 million overseas Chinese donated money to the motherland's anti-Japanese war, a total of 1.32 billion yuan, part of which was donated to the Eighth Route Army.
For example, Chen Jiageng established the "Nanyang Overseas Chinese Relief Association" organization, with a total donation of more than 60,000 yuan.
According to incomplete statistics, the donations from patriots reached one tenth of the total funding of the Eighth Route Army.
The second is to ask for help from the border area.
There are factories and merchants in the border area, and you can collect industrial and commercial taxes; you can also issue public bonds to the public ; the border area also has its own trade, and the income is pretty good.
After Yang Lisan applied to the border area, aid continued to come.There is no definite data on how much funding the Eighth Route Army is given to the border area, but 92% of the border area's fiscal expenditure is used to protect the army.
Third, open a bank yourself and borrow from the bank.
Who is the richest, of course it is the bank.
In 1940, the Eighth Route Army borrowed 21.85 million yuan from major banks and 33.58 million yuan the following year. These loans played a great role in the Eighth Route Army tide over the difficulties.
In addition, the Eighth Route Army also established its own bank in Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region - Hebei-Shandong-Henan Border Region . It has branches all over the base areas, with a total of 880 credit cooperatives, making significant contributions to production self-rescue in difficult times and the active economy of the old revolutionary base areas.
It should be pointed out that the golden idea of opening a bank was thought of by Yang Lisan, and he himself served as the chairman of Jinan Bank.
not only opens a bank, but also prints money.
In the past nine years, Ji Nan Bank issued a total of 47 local currency and 9 promissory notes, and issued a total of 201.27 billion yuan of Hebei Bank.
In this way, the Eighth Route Army will be "rich".
Fourth, encourage the private economy, small rivers have water and big rivers rise.
Yang Lisan understands that if the Eighth Route Army wants to be rich, the people in the base area must become rich.
Therefore, Yang Lisan and Teng Daiyuan proposed the "Teng Yang Plan" to encourage the private economy in the base area and support the people in the base area to get rich - "production is rewarded, labor is rewarded, and legal income is allowed."
As a result, the army's production enthusiasm was quickly mobilized, and each base area achieved self-sufficiency one after another.
Among them, the troops of Shanxi, Chah, Hebei and Henan not only achieved self-sufficiency, but also handed over 90 million yuan to the headquarters.
Yang Lisan's contributions were more than that. He convened comrades from the Military Industry Department to design the "Eighth One Style" cavalry rifle, which made up for the lack of weapons in the Eighth Route Army.
In addition, the arsenal also produces and develops grenade launchers , landmines and other military equipment.
During the War of Resistance Against Japan, the logistics department led by Yang Lisan manufactured more than 9,000 rifles, repaired more than 1,000 guns, produced 2,560 grenade launchers, manufactured 2.3 million rounds of bullets, produced 198,000 grenade bombs, 3.58 million grenades, and more than 11 million landmines.
During the War of Liberation, Minister of Logistics Yang Lisan also made outstanding contributions.
The Huaihai Battle can win, in addition to Su Yu and others' command, our soldiers are brave in fighting and have sufficient logistics support. There is a famous saying in
: "The Huaihai Battle was launched by the people's small cart." What is the push in the small cart? It is military supplies, namely military rations, weapons and ammunition, and siege equipment.
Without these materials, no matter how good the strategies and tactics are, they cannot win the battle.
Who is the logistics supervisor of the Huaihai Campaign? Yang Lisan.
Yang Lisan's outstanding work has been recognized by the whole country and won praise.
The financial work meeting was held in early May 1953. The Chairman also wrote a special letter to Yang Lisan to discuss the meeting topics and a series of preparations.
At the meeting held on May 20, the chairman even said something amazing: military expenditure issues, it would not be possible without Yang Lisan's participation. The sentence
fully reflects the weight of Yang Lisan in the Chairman's heart.
Yang Lisan also did one thing, it has nothing to do with logistics, but it is also considered a wonderful achievement.
(IV) Carrying a person
In August 1935, the Red Army began to cross the grassland , and the leader also practiced it and walked through the grassland with the soldiers.
However, Zhou Gong wanted to "specialize". Why is this?
It turns out that whenever Zhou Gong arrived in a place, he always sat down to study the enemy's situation and replied to telegrams regardless of the fatigue of the journey.
Zhou Gong forgot to eat and sleep day and night, working day and night, continuously high-intensity work, which made his body unbearable and he contracted a disease.
It was originally enough to just take a break, but the conditions were difficult at that time and could not supplement nutrition. The army lacked medical treatment and medicine, so Zhou Gong's condition worsened and it was difficult to eat, resulting in a high fever and a few coma.
Yang Lisan was extremely anxious and helped Zhou Gong to the stretcher without saying a word and let him rest.
When Zhou Gong woke up from his coma and saw himself lying on a stretcher, he immediately struggled to get up and walk, but Yang Lisan tried his best to stop him.
Mr. Zhou Gong was anxious and started arguing with Yang Lisan. He said seriously: "The journey is difficult and dangerous now. The stretcher is reserved for those who need it the most. It is too inappropriate for me to sit on the stretcher."
Hearing this, Yang Lisan had to obey.
But what happened later was unexpected, and Duke Zhou couldn't help but sit on the stretcher.
Because his condition began to worsen, his liver was enlarged and his skin turned yellow, he was diagnosed with hepatitis and amoeba liver abscess by the accompanying military doctor.
The Red Army lacks medical treatment and medicine, so the guards had to run to the snow-capped mountains dozens of miles away to get ice cube to cool down Zhou Gong.
But this method treats the symptoms but not the root cause. Zhou Gong's body is getting weaker and shaking his way, and he can't take any steps even if he is supported.
When Peng Dehuai learned about it, he shouted: "Come on!"
How could Duke Zhou have problems at this time? No matter what, you must carry Zhou Gong across the grassland.
Peng Dehuai said to Chief of Staff Xiao Jinguang: "Comrade Enlai is sick and cannot act. I want you to organize a stretcher team immediately and carry him out of the grassland at any cost!"
received the task, and Xiao Jinguang immediately selected people to form a stretcher team.
Care Group Leader Chen Geng volunteered to serve as the captain of the stretcher team after learning about it. Yang Lisan was in poor health at that time and hadn't had a good meal for a few days, but when he found out, he insisted on joining the stretcher team.
Chen Geng knew him well and immediately waved his hand to stop him, "Minister Yang, you have been sick for a long time, so you don't have to participate. I'm thankful that you can pass the grassland alone. I'll invite you to drink at that time."
But Yang Lisan was stubborn and he said to Chen Geng firmly: "It's a matter of determination. Not only will I walk through the grassland, I will also carry the chief over!"
Chen Geng laughed and said, "Minister Yang, it's a good thing! I will definitely invite you to drink at that time so that you can have a good time!"
So, they carried Zhou Gong to set off.
Carrying people on the flat ground is not a big deal, but when it comes to the grass, it is much more difficult.
The grassland is low-lying, the roads are muddy, and it is easy to fall into the mud.
It was the rainy season at this time, and it would rain as he walked. Duke Zhou was weak and of course he could not rain. Yang Lisan and Chen Geng covered Duke Zhou with the oil cloth and hat, so that he would not let him get a drop of rain.
In this way, they could only let the wind and rain blow and become a chicken.
It was already autumn at this time. After the rain, the temperature dropped and they were so cold that they fought.
But they still gritted their teeth, did not scream bitterly, and forced themselves to overcome many difficulties and insisted on moving forward step by step.
passing the grassland
Yang Lisan was originally a scholar. He was sick at the time and forced his weak body to carry Zhou Gong across the grassland. The difficulty can be imagined.
In a few days, his shoulder skin was worn out and blood red.
Not only that, his feet and calf scratched each other.
plus drizzle, the wound became inflamed, and soon red, swollen and ulcerated.
The feet were soaked in water for a long time, and the wound continued to deteriorate, making him feel a piercing pain.
But Yang Lisan didn't say a word and kept silently insisting. In order not to let everyone see, he kept telling stories to everyone and chatting and laughing.
can't contain the fire, and his injury was still discovered. Everyone advised him not to raise it anymore, but Yang Lisan was still so stubborn and refused to give way.
Mr. Zhou looked at Yang Lisan and everyone suffering for him, feeling uneasy. He wanted to get off the stretcher again and again, but he was not healthy and could only lie down.
Just like that, after seven days and seven nights of difficult marching, the Red Army finally walked out of the grassland.
Walking out of the grassland, Zhou Gong had the tools to transport, so he didn't have to sit on a stretcher. Yang Lisan felt relieved and fell down in the darkness in front of him.
Seeing this scene, Zhou Gong felt very distressed. He later said to Yang Lisan: "You took my life to carry me out of the grassland, I will never forget it!"
After the founding of New China, Yang Lisan ignored his physical illness and devoted himself to the construction of New China.
1949, he served as Minister of the General Secretary, Minister of the Food Industry, Member of the Finance and Economics Committee, and Minister of Finance. He forgot to eat and sleep, and became ill after overwork.
In the autumn of 1954, Yang Lisan had an unbearable headache and could not work. He was dragged to the hospital for examination by his lover. Unfortunately, he was in the late stage of brain cancer.
On November 28, 1954, Yang Lisan died of illness at the Kremlin Hospital at the age of 54.
ashes were transported back to Beijing, and the Ministry of National Defense held a grand condolence event on December 5 and 6.
On the morning of December 7, at the memorial service, Duke Zhou delivered a eulogy, his voice choked several times.
Zhou Gong prefaced the "Yang Li Three Chronicle"
After Yang Lisan's death, the funeral team was huge.
Along the way, Zhou Gong was very sad. When he arrived at Babao Mountain, his eyes were still filled with tears.
At the farewell ceremony of the body, Zhou Gong said emotionally: "We are atheists, but we are not ruthless and unrighteous. Comrade Yang Lisan carried me back from the gate of hell. If I don't personally send Comrade Yang Lisan a journey, my conscience will not be able to pass it. He will be unhappy under the stakes. Some people will say I am ruthless and unrighteous."
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