In previous articles, the author talked to you about the stories of land exchange between provinces, such as the land exchange between Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province, and the land exchange between Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. Today, let’s talk about the land exchange between Henan Province and Hebei Province. During the reign of Emperor Yongzheng of the Qing Dynasty, the management of Huaxian County, , , , , , , , , , , and , were included in the management of Henan Province. Cizhou, Henan Province, is included in the management of Zhili Province. So, why did the three counties in Hebei Province be exchanged for one county in Henan Province? Today, let’s talk about this issue.
First of all, let’s talk about ancient transportation methods. Before the emergence of transportation such as trains and cars, long-distance transportation basically relied on water transportation. Therefore, the transportation volume of land movement is too small and is easily affected by terrain and weather. In comparison, water transportation has the characteristics of large transportation volume and unrestricted transportation. In addition to the famous Grand Canal , there are also various small and medium-sized rivers between provinces, and ships can also be used. For example, the four famous towns in Henan Province basically rose up by relying on water transportation.
my country's provincial system originated from the Yuan Dynasty. In the late 12th century, the Yuan Dynasty gradually eliminated the regimes of the Jin Dynasty, the Xixia Kingdom, the Southern Song Dynasty and other regimes, and established a dynasty with unprecedented territory. However, with the expansion of territory, the two-level divisions of prefectures and counties during the Tang and Song dynasties could no longer meet the needs of the Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan Dynasty combined the experience of the Jin Dynasty's Shangshutai and after exploration, it introduced a provincial system that has been used to this day. The Yuan Dynasty divided the country into 10 provinces, such as Henan Jiangbei Province, Gansu Province, Liaoyang Province, etc.
1368, after the establishment of Ming Dynasty , it further adopted the provincial system of the Yuan Dynasty and improved and adjusted. The basic divisions of many provinces in my country were formed during the Ming Dynasty, such as Henan Province, Shandong Province, Jiangxi Province, etc. Since the Ming Dynasty established two , Zhili in the north and south, a division pattern of Zhili and 13 provinces emerged. In the mid-17th century, the Qing Dynasty gradually eliminated the peasant uprising troops and the forces in the South Ming Dynasty and established its own rule.
The Qing Dynasty further adjusted the zoning of various places, and Nanzhili was demoted and renamed Jiangnan Province . During the reign of Emperor Kangxi, it was divided into Jiangsu Province and Anhui Province. North Zhili was renamed to Zhili Province, and the divisions of various prefectures were further adjusted. At that time, the Guangping Prefecture and the Daming Prefecture in Zhili Province were adjacent to the Zhangde Prefecture and the Weihui Prefecture in Henan Province. In the early period of the Qing Dynasty rule, Daming Prefecture had 1 sanzhou and 9 counties, namely: Kaizhou, Daming County, Yuancheng County, Nanle County, , Qingfeng County, Dongming County, Changyuan County, Neihuang County, Hua County, Wei County, and Jun County.
Guangping Prefecture has 9 counties under its jurisdiction, namely: Yongnian County, Quzhou County, Quzhou County, Feixiang County, Jize County, Handan County, Hengan County, Cheng'an County, Hengping County, Hengping County, Wei County, HH, Qinghe County, Qinghe County. In 1722, the 45-year-old Emperor Yongzheng came to power. After Emperor Yongzheng ascended the throne, he implemented a series of famous policies, such as scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered scattered s Henan Province is a province with a large population. In order to implement a series of policies, Emperor Yongzheng appointed his confidant Tian Wenjing to be transferred to the governor of Henan.
Tian Wenjing is one of the three confidants of Emperor Yongzheng, and the saying "Jiangnan Li Wei , Southwest Ortai , Henan Tian Wenjing" appeared. After Tian Wenjing took office, he actively implemented the new policy and achieved very good results. Later, Emperor Yongzheng specially approved Tian Wenjing to be the governor of Shandong and Henan.
Emperor Yongzheng's evaluation of Tian Wenjing was very high, believing: " is loyal to the country, fair and honest. He is experienced and has excellent talent. Since he was a governor, the treasury has not been in a loss, the warehouse has been sufficient, the officials and the people have been safe, the punishment of corruption and elimination of corruption, exhausted his mind, worked hard, did not avoid suspicion and grievance, and carried out all the common affairs, and the four realms are solemn... Model Xinjiang officials ."
was during the period when Tian Wenjing was in charge of Henan Province, and presided over the division adjustment between Henan Province and Zhili Province. Cizhou, under the jurisdiction of Zhangde Prefecture, Henan Province, and Handan County and Yongnian County under the jurisdiction of Guangping Prefecture, Northern Zhili, have always had water source division problems. Fuyang River is located at the junction of the two provinces and flows through Cizhou, Handan , Yongnian, Quzhou , Jize and other places, Cizhou is located in the upper reaches of the Fuyang River. In order to facilitate irrigation, residents along the river built gates to store water and raise the water level. Subsequently, Handan County and Yongnian County also built various sluice gates one after another.
Three prefectures and counties built a total of more than 10 sluice gates, which directly affected the shipping trade of Fuyang River and the salt needed in various places. , grain, coal, lime, porcelain and daily necessities transportation are blocked. In order to compete for water sources, conflicts and fighting often occur in three prefectures and counties. At the same time, Henan Province and Zhili Province still have problems with river transportation. The grains in various parts of Henan Province are basically transported to the capital by the Wei River. Starting from Weihui Prefecture in northern Henan Province, it is necessary to pass through the three counties of Hua, Jun and Neihuang in Daming Prefecture in Zhili.
However, this section of the river has been disrepaired and the river embankment needs to be repaired urgently, and the establishment of official cards in various places is also different. A considerable section of river belongs to Zhili Province and cannot be coordinated and managed at all. Faced with this series of problems, the prefect of Guangping Prefecture in Zhili Province first reported: " Guang County is located near the Fu River, and eight gates were built, and thousands of acres of fields are all benefited from it... From Cizhou to the river, three gates were built, and the water did not go down. Water conservancy is popular, building dikes to block water, which makes neighbors harm, which is not enough; setting up gates to block water, which causes neighbors to suffer from drought, which is not enough; and merchant ships carry cargo from the Fu River to Jinwei, Tongzhou and other places, which are often blocked by three gates, which is not convenient for merchants and civilians. "
It can be seen that the prefect of Guangping Prefecture did not dare to directly criticize Tian Wenjing, but instead adopted the method of "crying poor". Faced with the press of Guangping Prefecture, Tian Wenjing took out his style of a rank-level official and directly suggested to modify the division. In the third year of Yongzheng, Tian Wenjing reported: " ministers admired the emperor and thought that the grain was of concern, and changed the three counties of Jun, Hua and Neihuang to the Zhangde and Weihui prefectures, and were divided into jurisdictions nearby, so that matters could be unified and not restricted.... "
Tian Wenjing's requirements are very simple. It directly requires that Neihuang County, Hua County and Jun County of Zhili Province be transferred into Henan Province, and there is no mention of land change. Faced with the conflicts between the two provinces, Emperor Yongzheng appointed Prince Yi Yinxiang to be responsible for handling. Yinxiang personally went to the border area of Zhili and Henan provinces for inspection, and finally put forward his own suggestions. Neihuang County, Jun County and Hua County should be transferred into Henan Province, but Cizhou of Changde Prefecture in Henan Province should be transferred into Zhili Province management.
In other words, both sides are basically equivalent to changing land. According to the historical records of the Qing Dynasty: " In the third year of Yongzheng, from the request of Yufutian Wenjing, the three counties were transferred to Henan, Neihuang was changed to Zhangde, and Hua and Jun were changed to Weihui . Our dynasty established the old system and changed it from Zhili Daming to Henan Zhangde. We examined the situation and got the command of the arm and finger, and said it was perfect. "In the fourth year of Yongzheng, in 1726, Cizhou, Zhangde Prefecture, Henan Province, was included in the management of Guangping Prefecture, Zhili Province.
In fact, in terms of the divided area, Zhili Province was obviously at a disadvantage. However, Tian Wenjing was a favorite minister of Emperor Yongzheng. The Governor of Zhili at that time was a confidant of Gengyao in , and was facing impeachment and was unable to take into account these problems at all. Therefore, Neihuang County, Jun County and Hua County of Zhili Province were included in the management of Henan Province. At present, these three counties are still under the management of Henan Province.
There are many stories about the adjustment of various regions in my country. The author will chat with you slowly in the future articles.
