Introduction:
Resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea is a great war, which has defeated the national prestige of the new China and allowed the people of the world to see the spirit of the Chinese people not fearing strong enemies and fighting bravely.
However, this battle has gone through many difficulties since the decision to fight. During the "decision to fight", many people were opposed, and even Lin Biao expressed their opposition. At this moment, Peng Dehuai expressed his attitude to Chairman Mao. In response, Chairman Mao said excitedly: Join the war!
So, what is Peng Dehuai's attitude?
1. Chairman Mao decided to send troops to North Korea
In the early morning of September 15, 1950, it was an unforgettable day for the people of North Korea. The sound of explosions one after another, accompanied by the sound of fires soaring into the sky. Soon, Incheon Port on the west coast of North Korea fell into a sea of fire.
Then, under the personal command of MacArthur , the American quickly implemented a large-scale landing in Incheon Port and attacked North Korea. For a time, the Korean People's Army was attacked from both sides.
MacArthur
On September 23, 1950, the Korean People's Army began to retreat toward 38th parallel . In October of the same year, a letter of help from North Korea was sent to the desk of Chairman Mao, Zhongnanhai, Beijing.
This letter of help was written by Kim Il-sung and Park Heon-yong . In the letter, they said bluntly:
"We have to ask you to give us special assistance, that is, when the enemy attacks the area north of the 38th parallel, we really hope that the Chinese People's Liberation Army will directly dispatch our army to fight!"
Chairman Mao looked at the letter, and the cigarettes in his hand were one after another, with smoke in the house, and Chairman Mao did not even change his posture. When the staff looked, they knew that the Chairman was thinking deeply.
In fact, Chairman Mao has always been mentally prepared for sending troops to North Korea.
After all, Korean War is not just the fight between the two brothers on the Korean Peninsula, but also a game between the Eastern and Western camps. A little change can cause an uproar. As North Korea's neighbor, once the situation on the peninsula is out of control, our country's situation will not be much better.
In this situation where one moves the whole body, Chairman Mao had to prepare as soon as possible.
In July 1950, according to Chairman Mao’s instructions, Premier Zhou held a national defense meeting in Jurentang . The participants at the meeting include the heads of the Navy, Army and Air Forces, as well as the heads of relevant military branches. Everyone actively discussed the establishment, scale, leadership and person in charge of the Northeast Frontier Defense Forces, etc.
8 In August, the Northeast Frontier Defense Force was established. By September, the total strength of the Northeast Frontier Defense Force had expanded to 36 divisions, plus special forces , a total of 700,000 people.
At the same time, Chairman Mao has also mobilized his thoughts many times. Basically, every time he holds a meeting, he will say that he should prepare to fight with the Americans and be prepared to fight an unprecedented battle. Chairman Mao said: "My wish is not to fight, but you must fight, so we have to fight."
But although Chairman Mao is mentally prepared, it is really time to send troops, and the Chairman still finds it difficult to make a choice. You should know that the Republic has just gained a new life from the war, the country is poor and deserted, the trauma of war for decades has not yet calmed down, and the people are eager for a peaceful environment.
In this case, sending troops to aid North Korea and fighting against the powerful country at that time America, what impact will it have on the new country? As a national leader, Chairman Mao must think comprehensively and fully. After thinking all night, Chairman Mao waved his hand and decided to support North Korea!
2. Lin Biao opposes the U.S. aggression and aid to North Korea
However, although Chairman Mao decided to send troops to North Korea, he must also discuss with other comrades in the central government and listen to their opinions. So soon, Chairman Mao held a meeting. At the meeting, most of the participants did not agree with sending troops, including Lin Biao.
In fact, some people expressed their opposition, and Chairman Mao was not surprised, but he did not expect Lin Biao to also express his opposition.After Chairman Mao decided to send troops, he had already chosen the person who led the troops to command: Lin Biao.
Chairman Mao chose Lin Biao for the following reasons:
first, Lin Biao can fight and can fight. His military capabilities are among the best in our army;
second, the troops that form the Northeast Frontier Defense Forces, most of which are the original troops of Fourth Field , and Lin Biao is the commander of the Fourth Field and has great prestige in the Fourth Field.
Third, sending troops to North Korea will involve cooperation with the Soviet Union and North Korea, and Lin Biao has friendship with both sides.
Fourth, the time to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea is in winter and needs to deal with severe cold weather. Lin Biao has been fighting in the Northeast for a long time and has experience in fighting in extreme weather.
But now Lin Biao opposes sending troops to North Korea, and Chairman Mao said it is impossible not to be disappointed. Of course, Lin Biao did not object to sending troops for no reason. He also gave the reason why he did not support the resistance to U.S. aggression and aid Korea:
. China needs to rest and recuperate, and the most urgent task is to restore national strength. If fighting in North Korea is not the best strategy; . The US military was recognized as a powerful force at that time, and the most important thing was still a force. For the new China, a completely unfamiliar army now needs to fight a powerful and unfamiliar army in a strange environment. Is the probability of winning? . In essence, the Korean War is a competition of strategic interests between the United States and the Soviet Union in the Northeast Asia region. It is recommended that the New China not go to this muddy water, but change according to the changes in the situation.
And the reasons Lin Biao mentioned are also the ideas of other people who are opposed.
Chairman Mao is not ignorant of this. He knows very well what Lin Biao said is the fact, but if he does not send troops to help North Korea drive away the United States, the new China will not be able to develop with peace of mind, because the United States can monitor China through the Korean Peninsula at any time. In this way, we will lose the strategic initiative and it will be uncomfortable to be constrained.
Due to the great differences between everyone, there was still no discussion result until the meeting ended. After the meeting, Chairman Mao plunged into the office again, lit the cigarette in his hand, and his eyes were distant. Although most people were against it, Chairman Mao did not give up sending troops to aid Korea.
President Peng
While thinking about how to get the consent of comrades, Chairman of the Party thought about who should lead the troops to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea when Lin Biao disagreed with resisting U.S. aggression and aid Korea. In a flash, a person's name appeared in Chairman Mao's mind: Peng Dehuai!
3. Peng Dehuai was ordered to
Chairman Mao immediately put out the cigarette and immediately made a decision to bring Mr. Peng to Beijing. As the first secretary of the Northwest Bureau and the chairman of the Northwest Military and Political Committee, Peng Dehuai is in charge of work in Xi'an. He did not know that a plane was taking off from Beijing.
On October 4, 1950, Chairman Mao once again presided over a meeting of the Politburo to discuss the issue of sending troops to aid North Korea. Halfway through the meeting, General Peng also rushed to the venue. He was suddenly picked up by a plane and didn't know the content of the meeting in advance, so he just listened to everyone's speech.
Through everyone's discussion, Peng Dehuai learned that what he had discussed was whether to resist the U.S. and aid Korea. Peng Dehuai knew how to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea. He thought it had already been decided, but depending on the situation, everyone's opinions were very disagreeable.
, comrade, reiterated the reason why troops should not be sent. After listening to everyone's speeches, Chairman Mao said this: "What you said is reasonable, but others are in a critical moment of the country. We stand by and watch, no matter what we say, we feel sad."
It is obvious that this time, no unified opinion has been reached. After the meeting, Chairman Mao specially found Mr. Peng and said to him: "Please come to me tomorrow morning, let's exchange opinions separately." Is
scattering his hands or sending troops to provide assistance? That night, Mr. Peng couldn't sleep all night. Looking at the deep night outside the window, the last words Chairman Mao said at the meeting kept popping up in his mind.
Mr. Peng's years of fighting career told him: The US empire attacked North Korea and threatened my Northeast China; and through Chiang Kai-shek, he controlled Taiwan and threatened my East China region; and Vietnam, the US empire could collude with France, and then threatened me South China region . In this way, it can find excuses at any time if it wants to launch a war of aggression against China.
He thought that tigers can eat people. When they eat it, it depends on the tiger's stomach and intestines. It is impossible to compromise with it. Since it is going to invade, of course I will counter-invade. Different American empires have seen the level of the situation, so it is difficult for us to build socialism.
President Peng finally made up his mind to stand on the side of supporting the dispatch of troops.
The next morning, General Peng came to Zhongnanhai , and he and Chairman Mao were eating and talking. When talking about the North Korean issue, General Peng said one word - "tap".
Hearing this word, Chairman Mao felt confident. He immediately said excitedly: "Okay! I feel relieved. Now the US military has advanced to the 38th parallel. We must send troops to the war as soon as possible! The meeting will be held this afternoon. Please tell me your opinion."
In the afternoon, the meeting began as scheduled. The comrades attending the meeting still had two different opinions, and the supporters and opponents were still fighting red.
When it was General Peng's turn to speak, he said firmly and strongly:
"It is necessary to resist the U.S. aggression and aid Korea. If it is broken, it will be a few years later that our Liberation War will be won. If the US military is placed on the bank of the Yalu River and Taiwan, and it will launch an aggressive war in the future, then you can find an excuse at any time." After General Peng finished speaking, the opponents looked at each other. China and North Korea are a country of lip and teeth, and sending troops to aid Korea is also protecting the new China! Finally, after full discussion, the people finally reached a consensus. The meeting made the decision to resist the U.S. and aid Korea and defend the country, and decided that Peng Dehuai would lead his troops to the North Korea to fight.
On October 8, 1950, the second day after the US military advanced toward the 38th parallel, Chairman Mao signed the order to form the Chinese People's Volunteer Army . The Northeast Frontier Defense Forces have been renamed Volunteer Army , and are always ready to move towards North Korea. But just when our army was ready, General Peng suddenly received an urgent telegram from Chairman Mao, asking him to remain silent and ask him to return to Beijing urgently.
It turned out that the Soviet Union suddenly stated that it was impossible to provide air force support to the volunteer army. The Soviet Union said that the Soviet Air Force was not ready and could not be dispatched. Without the support of the Air Force, the difficulty of volunteers in aiding North Korea will rise sharply. On October 13, the Central Committee held another emergency meeting.
At this time, the US military had crossed the 38th parallel and advanced towards Yalu River . The war had already reached the doorstep. Even if there was no support from the Air Force, it must be fought back!
On October 19, Mr. Peng led his army to North Korea overnight.
Although this is a completely different battle from the past, although the opponent is the powerful " United Nations Army " led by the US military, although this will be an extremely arduous battle, , General Peng still has the confidence to win. He always believes that the great Chinese people will be able to drive away the US imperial invaders!
The war to resist U.S. aggression and aid Korea lasted for three years. Over the past three years, countless volunteer soldiers have sprinkled blood on the battlefield, but our army has become more and more brave. On the other hand, the US military has become arrogant from the beginning, and when it hears the trumpet of our army, they fight and are almost leaving first.
Finally, in the fight between the volunteer army, China and North Korea won the battle, which made the whole world no longer dare to underestimate the Chinese people!
4. Conclusion
This battle has brought about the opportunity for peace and development in our country in the future. Happiness is hard-won. We should remember the great decisions made by Chairman Mao at a critical moment, and remember and thank General Peng and countless great volunteer soldiers for their bloody sacrifice on the battlefield. It is precisely because of them that we have a peaceful and stable life today.
I would like to thank my predecessors for their great efforts and pay tribute to you!
