Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu , left thought-provoking warnings in the famous "Afang Palace Fu".
"The Qin people have no time to mourn themselves, but later generations mourn it; later generations mourn it but do not learn from it, which also makes future generations mourn their descendants again."
Later generations always feel sorry for the demise of , but they never learn from the lessons of Qin's demise, leading to a historical cycle of rise and fall.
This issue of book list keywords: [Rise and Fall Book List] . Through 10 good historical books, breaking out of the old rules of history textbooks, revealing the reasons for the destruction of 10 dynasties such as the Qin and Han dynasties, Sui and Tang , Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
1 Qin Dynasty "Qin Demolition"
In the Warring States Period, the world was trapped in endless wars, in the sea of corpses and blood, and people's hearts longed for unity.
At this time, the legendary emperor Qin Shihuang was born on the land of China. He ended the war separatist for more than 500 years since the Spring and Autumn Period.
If there was no Qin Shihuang, if the situation of the Seven Heroes of the Warring States Period continued, perhaps the land of China would have split into seven countries from then on, and would have become as scattered as Europe.
However, what Qin Shihuang unexpectedly was that the person who ended his glorious era was his peers: Liu Bang, Xiang Yu, Chen Sheng, , Wu Guang, .
What surprised us even more was that the appearance of these people seemed to confirm a prophecy in the late Warring States Period: Although Chu has three households, if Qin is destroyed, Chu will be the one that will be destroyed! The prophecy of
means that even if there are only three clans left in Chu, it can destroy Qin.
Chen Sheng and Wu Guang revolted in the old land of Chu State, Daze Township, established a regime Zhang Chu , taking the meaning of "Zhang Dachu State".
Xiang Yu is a famous family in the Chu State and is known as the overlord of Western Chu.
Liu Bang was from Pei County, Jiangsu Province. He was also the territory of Chu State in the late Warring States Period. He was respected as "Pei Gong", which means the chief of Pei County under the Chu system.
In the dark, the fate of the Qin Dynasty seemed to be determined by itself, but in fact it was more than that.
2 New dynasty "Auspiciousness: Wang Mang and His Era"
On January 15, 9 AD, the Western Han Dynasty's relatives Wang Mang abolished the Han Dynasty and established the new dynasty in the name of "revolutionizing the Han Dynasty and establishing the new dynasty, abolishing Liu and reviving the king".
It is said that Wang Mang was a subversive of the Western Han regime and an ambitious conspirator, while "Xiang Rui" tells us that Wang Mang was actually an idealist reformer.
Wang Mang is like a time traveler. He advocates human rights and demands the complete abolition of slavery.
He promotes state-owned enterprises and prohibits excessive exploitation of merchants.
He even wanted to completely replace the previous legal system of the Han Dynasty with the Zhou rituals advocated by Confucius.
However, if you take too much, something will happen eventually. Due to the cumbersome government orders of the Han Dynasty, Wang Mang's radical reforms led to great chaos in the world.
Wang Mang rose step by step from a Confucian scholar to establish a new dynasty.
Finally, in just fifteen years, he went from being the "sage king" who "returned to the heart of the world" to a usurper who was "abandoned by heaven and man".
3 Sui Dynasty "Forty Years of the Rise and Fall of the Great Sui Dynasty"
Emperor Wen of Sui Yang Jian may not have the freedom of Liu Bang, the heroic martial arts of Li Shimin, and the domineering spirit of Zhu Yuanzhang, but his achievements are enough to make him the emperor of the ages.
Yang Jian won the world in just nine months.
It took less than three months to unify the country.
Moreover, Yang Jian is definitely the most self-disciplined and demanding emperor in Chinese history.
Not only did he insist on monogamy all his life, but he also asked his sons to be the same. This included Yang Guang , which catered to his father everywhere but had evil intentions.
Even in the years of famine, in order to ensure the prescribed food stock in the treasury, he would rather starve with his subjects.
He hopes that all subjects and all things in the world will operate in accordance with the rules and regulations, and will be too strict and harsh, and will not care about human nature or reality.
resulted in the Sui Dynasty falling into a mystery of only temperament but no temperature.
After the death of Emperor Wen of Sui, Yang Jian, the suppressed atmosphere of the Great Sui Dynasty was instantly released violently. His son Yang Guang was extravagant and enjoyed himself and was extremely lustful, and gradually pushed the Sui Dynasty into the abyss.
4 Tang Dynasty "Crisis and Refactoring"
Tang Dynasty , an era that makes many people dream of.
Why is an Anshi Rebellion , which was clearly suppressed, considered by many people to be the key to the fate of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline?
It turns out that although the Anshi Rebellion was put down. However, the subsequent warlords and separatist vassals not only consumed the national strength of the Tang Dynasty again and again, but also led to the later idea of the Song Dynasty valuing culture over military affairs.
The internal friction between the central and local governments is the fundamental reason for completely changing the direction of the entire empire.
5 Five Dynasties Ten Kingdoms "The Collapse of the Empire"
Five Dynasties Ten Kingdoms do not refer to a dynasty, but to a special historical period.
The relatively large separatist period in China's history, except for the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn and Warring States Periods and Southern and Northern Dynasties , the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms after the Tang Dynasty.
Five dynasties and ten countries, fifty-four years of troubled times, fifteen dynasties ruled the world, more than fifty emperors, and more than a dozen separatist regimes...
This is a real troubled times, the people are like ants, and even the emperor may be replaced at any time.
In this era of insecurity, the emperors lived a life of drunkenness and dreams.
And as long as ordinary people can live, it is a blessing.
The world will eventually be divided and the separation will be united. When the people of the world all yearn for stability and hope for peace, the split pattern of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms is about to disappear.
6 Northern Song " The Siege of Bianjing "
If you want to ask about the rise and fall of the Song Dynasty, first count Bianhe sails.
The Great Song Dynasty established its capital in Bianjing, which is today Kaifeng, Henan.
Bian River is the city of Bianjing that passes through the south, and runs through the capital city in the west, connects to the Yellow River in the west, connects to Huai and Si in the east, and directly connects to the south, and 506 of the world's wealth and goods are transported from the Bian River to Bianjing.
1123 The Song Dynasty was described by Zhang Zeduan "Along the River During the Qingming Festival".
seems to be prosperous, but in fact it is undercurrent.
The Northern Song Empire at that time was constrained by the four countries outside the Jin, Liao, Xixia, and Goryeo; internally, Fang La, and many heroes rose up, and the country's situation was in danger.
Guo Jianlong "The Siege of Bian Jing" began to focus on this seemingly prosperous era.
This is the civil and military officials of the Song Dynasty. No one would have thought that in just three years, the colorful capital Bianliang would be besieged by foreign races.
Their emperors will be captured, their wives and daughters will be humiliated, and the dynasty will be overturned overnight.
In front of the wheel of history, everyone has no choice but to do so.
I am very fond of merit and ignorant Song Huizong , and finally dragged the Northern Song Empire into the bottomless abyss of destruction.
7 Jin Dynasty "On the Three Capitals"
The rise of the Mongolian Empire is a key link in changing the course of human history.
As the Mongolian cavalry fought everywhere, Genghis Khan 's sphere of influence quickly engulfed most of the Eurasian continent. The two major historical cultures,
Chinese civilization and Mediterranean civilization, also had the first in-depth contact.
At this point, human civilization has truly entered the era of world history.
The beginning of all this can certainly not avoid the Great Jin dynasty, which is rarely focused on in history.
3 The Great Jin Dynasty, which originated in a corner of the northeast in the 12th century, once once became the dominant position in East Asia.
After the rise of the Jin Dynasty, it quickly destroyed the Liao Kingdom, and made Xixia and Goryeo bow down and surrender, which also caused the Northern Song Dynasty to suffer the "Hypocrisy of Jingkang ".
After Genghis Khan unified Mongolia, he didn't have much time left for this Jurchen dynasty.
1 In 211, the Mongolian army began to attack south. Over the past 20 years, the Jin Dynasty lost its troops and lost its territory.
The territory of the Great Jin continued to shrink from it to Bianjing and Caizhou. Finally, the Mongolian and Song siege encircled Caizhou. Jin Aizong hanged himself to burn himself, and the Great Jin disappeared in history with a tragic farewell.
"The Three Capitals" is based on several important "siege battles" during the Mongolian and Jin Wars , and put the spotlight of history at the last moment of the Great Jin Dynasty.
8 Yuan Dynasty "Mongol Empire"
The rivers and seas do not choose the streams, so they can become bigger.
The history of the Chinese nation is the process of collision, integration and rebirth of countless ethnic groups.
The history of the Yuan Dynasty is no exception.
The nomadic Mongolian people in the north are like a turbulent mountain torrent, or a huge mudslide.
They rushed to the inland from the D northern grassland, colliding, fighting, infiltrating and blending with the rather quiet mainstream of Han culture.
Finally, a Yuan Dynasty that combines traditional Chinese and Mongolian cultures was established, completing an unprecedented scale unification of the country.
However, when we are telling the history of the Yuan Dynasty, our mood is always complicated and contradictory, which is both bloody and creepy; it is both contemporary and full of blood.
While the Mongolian Iron Cavalry is attacking and expanding territory, they ignore the livelihoods of grassroots people.
Just like the Yuan Dynasty opera artist Zhang Yanghao storytelling: Prosperity, the people suffer; demise, the people suffer.
suffered all the torture and fed up with displaced people finally broke out. In 1368, Zhu Yuanzhang led a group of poor people to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty and founded the Ming Dynasty .
9 "The King of the Imperial Guard" of the Ming Dynasty
revealed the best book that flourished in the Ming Dynasty, which is actually Huang Renyu "The Fifteenth Year of Wanli".
The rigid and corrupt civil servant group, the suppressed The budding of capitalism , the increasing division between the rich and the poor, the covetous external powers... All of this is as profound and interesting as the novel legend in Huang Renyu's writings.
However, today I recommend Yi Qiang's "The King of the Uniform Guard", which cuts into the rise and fall of a dynasty from a slight perspective. The three words "Jinyiwei" in
can easily remind us of some wonderful scenes in martial arts novels or TV movies, or some tragic plots in historical novels .
In fact, the original Jinyiwei was just similar to the current military pickets or gendarmerie , and was busy with etiquette affairs every day, such as correcting the faults of civil and military ministers in the court, etc.
However, as the emperor became lazy, the power to give the emperor's claws became greater and greater.
From the need to fight corruption and eradicate future troubles, they began to manage the imperial prisons; to the needs of diplomacy and politics, they began to surrender, go on missions and supervise borders; to the Five-City Military and Ma Si , which is in charge of Kyoto.
and so much so powerful that the emperor later set up East Factory to supervise the Jinyiwei.
But the relationship between these two institutions is not as simple as supervision and being supervised, restricted or being restricted. Which one is stronger depends on the talent of the person in charge and the closeness and distantness of their relationship with the emperor.
so that even the late Ming historian Shen Qi said, "The Ming Dynasty did not perish because of bandits, but because of factory guards."
The last emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on a crooked tree and sacrificed his country at the last moment when he lamented: "All the ministers mistook me!"
10 Qing Dynasty "The Collapse of the Heavenly Dynasty"
The Qing Dynasty was the super empire with the largest population and the strongest national strength in Chinese history.
However, even in the super empire, by the end of Qianlong's reign, the Qing Dynasty had already risen and starved to the crowd, and internal uprisings continued and hungered people everywhere.
In a blink of an eye, the national situation of the Qing Empire was in danger.
When the Opium War in 1840, the Qing Empire fell apart in an instant.
The rigid system, the officials who deceived the superiors and concealed the subordinates, the rulers who were immersed in the dream of the Celestial Empire and did not want to wake up... worked together to lead the empire to perish.
Using copper as a mirror can correct your clothes and clothes; using ancient times as a mirror can help you know the rise and fall; using people as a mirror can help you understand gains and losses.
If you are unwilling to face up to history one by one, you will lose the meaning of learning from history.
A failed nation thought about its mistakes after the war and changed its plans. It is the greatest respect and best commemoration of the saints.
