Chen Duxiu is one of the founders of the Communist Party of China, and we cannot deny that he has made some great contributions to the Chinese revolution. What is equally admirable is that Chen Duxiu's children also joined the revolution, and his two sons even sacrificed their young lives, which is a loyal and martyr in the family.
Chen Duxiu had three marriages in his life, with four men and two women, and a total of six children. Two older sons, Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian, were also early Communist Party members of our party and were close friends with Zhou Enlai and Zhao Shiyan.
Chen Yannian is Chen Duxiu's eldest son. He was born in 1898. Chen Duxiu has high hopes for him since he was a child. He sent him to a private school at the age of six. After the 11 Revolution succeeded, he sent him to a new school to study. As the saying goes, a tiger father has no dog son. Chen Duxiu was a scholar at a young age. Chen Yannian also worked very hard in his studies and had excellent academic performance.
In order to allow Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian to receive the new trends and new ideas of the new era, Chen Duxiu later took them to Shanghai to study.
- In fact, Chen Duxiu was already a well-known social celebrity at this time and his income was naturally high. It would be no problem to support his two sons and go to school safely.
However, Chen Duxiu made a very "disgusting" approach, asking two young sons who are still working for themselves during the day and sleep on the floor of the mimeograph room of the " New Youth " magazine he founded at night.
At this time, Chen Duxiu had a new wife. His wife couldn't bear it and was afraid that others would scold her for abusing her stepson and wanted to take the two brothers home. Chen Duxiu disagreed. It turned out that Chen Duxiu was deliberately trying to hone the two brothers' ambitions.
In fact, seeing his biological flesh and blood working hard at a young age, Chen Duxiu often couldn't bear it and secretly bought food and asked someone to send it.
Chen Duxiu encouraged Chinese youth to work and study in the magazine "New Youth" sponsored by himself. Unexpectedly, his two sons responded first. Chen Yannian and Chen Qiaonian worked during the day and studied French at night, and planned to go to France to study.
It takes a lot of money to go to such a far place. The two brothers work harder and earn money. Chen Duxiu couldn't bear it and wanted to use the money to support them, but the two brothers refused.
They knew: their father's money was also raised from the society, and they should all use the most needed place of revolution. The two young people can completely rely on themselves.
Soon after, the two brothers successfully went to France to study. During their time in France, Chen Yannian became like-minded friends and joined the Communist Party together with progressive young people such as Zhou Enlai, Cai Hesen, and Zhao Shiyan. Subsequently, Chen Yannian was instructed by the party to study at Sun Yat-sen University in Moscow, Soviet Russia and returned to China in 1924.
At this time, it was the revolutionary era of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China. Chen Yannian was successfully elected as the secretary of the Guangdong Presidium of the Communist Party of China and supported publicity and education work. Chen Yannian held many training classes and lectures, and trained more than 9,000 party members in two years.
Chen Yannian was also called the "King of Guangdong and Guangxi" because of this and was elected as a member of the Fifth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China.
After Sun Yat-sen's death, the struggle between the left and right factions within the Kuomintang was very fierce. The reactionary right-wing Kuomintang was ready to overthrow the revolution advocated by Sun Yat-sen, and the political "nova" Chiang Kai-shek jumped up and down.
—At that time, he kept attacking and provoking and testing the Communist Party. He first cleaned up the Communist Party members in Whampoa Military Academy, and launched the " Zhongshan Ship Incident ", hoping to set off a tide of evil tide in the Kuomintang army.
Stills
This series of "reverse actions" aroused the vigilance of some Communists, including Chen Yannian. They advocated strengthening unity with the left side of the Kuomintang and resolutely counterattack the arrogance of the right.
However, during the entire revolution, Chen Duxiu was seriously separated from the masses and even seriously separated from the Communist Party. He worked with the Kuomintang members, various feudal forces, and representatives of the comprador bourgeoisie all day long, and did everything he could to compromise.
He was afraid that this would arouse dissatisfaction and opposition from the Kuomintang and damage the "hard-won" cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, and firmly disagree with this tit-for-tat approach.
Not only that, whenever the right-wing Kuomintang opposes something, Chen Duxiu loses his position, stands on the side of the Kuomintang, and tries his best to limit the in full swing of workers and peasants' revolutionary movement, and keeps pouring cold water on it, saying that it is a "ruffian movement" and "very bad."
Chen Duxiu especially disagrees with the revolutionary masses to get armed. For this reason, Chen Yannian and Chen Duxiu had a fierce dispute, but as the top leader of the party, Chen Duxiu had the right to make decisions, so he quickly brought a catastrophe to the party's cause and his own flesh and blood.
In 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, and many Communists were arrested, including Chen Yannian. After Chen Yannian was arrested, he strictly kept the secret of the party and was brave and unyielding. He was finally killed by the reactionaries. When Chen Yannian was about to be executed, the enemy ordered him to kneel down. Chen Yannian, who had always been a bit scholarly, was righteous at this moment and said, "The bones of the Communists are hard, and you must never kneel down!"
The enemy was so angry that he even cut him to death with a random knife! Blood splattered everywhere! Chen Yannian never knelt until his death! Extremely heroic! He was only 29 years old when he died.
The blood of the eldest son still did not alert Chen Duxiu. He still stubbornly carried out his right-leaning surrender route. As a result, bad luck once again came to his second son Chen Qiaonian.
Chen Qiaonian is three years younger than his elder brother. Because of his similar age, the two brothers are closest. Under the influence of his father and brother, Chen Qiaonian also embarked on the revolutionary path very early. He studied with his elder brother, went to France to study together, and joined the party together...
When the news of his elder brother's sacrifice came, Chen Qiaonian, who also opposed his father's opportunism, was in a state of grief and anger, and immediately cut off the father-son relationship with his father.
1927 The Fifth National Congress of the Communist Party of China was secretly held in Wuhan.
It was at this conference that Chen Qiaonian, together with Zhou Enlai and Mao Zedong, and a large number of Communists with insightful opinions, firmly opposed Chen Duxiu's opportunism that almost ruined the revolution, and advocated an immediate armed struggle with the Kuomintang. At the
conference, Chen Qiaonian took the lead in speaking, denounced his father who was still sitting on the rostrum.
means: "Because my father, Comrade Chen Duxiu, carried out the wrong line, led to the failure of the Great Revolution, the party suffered great losses, and also caused my brother Yannian and a large number of Communists such as Li Dazhao and Zhao Shiyan to be brutally killed. I think we cannot pin our hopes on bourgeois . We should have our own weapons and embark on the road of Soviet armed forces to seize power, so that the revolution has hope."
At this time, Chen Duxiu still has fantasies, believing that the Communist Party can "endure humiliation and bear heavy burdens" and use the legal principles of the Republic of China to carry out "peaceful protests". He also said: If the Communist Party really takes up weapons, the Kuomintang will really seize the (Communist rebellion) and suppress it even more cruelly.
Chen Duxiu's stubbornness made Chen Qiaonian extremely sad and angry. He said at the time: "It's really ridiculous. According to your opinion, if we don't resist, they shouldn't arrest us or kill us. Then why do you tell me why my elder brother and so many comrades died?"
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second son's words left Chen Duxiu speechless. Finally, the conference passed the resolution to arm the rebellion against the Kuomintang. Since then, a number of armed struggles such as the Eight-Yiyi, the Autumn Harvest Uprising and the Guangzhou Uprising were launched in various parts of the country.
Chen Qiaonian was also elected as a member of the Central Committee and Acting Secretary-General at this conference, and also became an early leader of our party. After the conference, Chen Qiaonian could have been to Hubei, where the peasant armed forces are strong, as the provincial party secretary, but he was willing to stay in Jiangsu as the provincial party secretary, so he had to work in Shanghai frequently.
Shanghai is the most severely damaged by reactionaries and the most rampant white terror. Chen Qiaonian insisted on staying in this most dangerous place to continue leading the revolution. As a result, he was surrounded by reactionaries and arrested during a meeting.
Chen Qiaonian, like his elder brother, was steadfast and unyielding, and was eventually killed by the reactionaries. He was 26 years old at the time...
The two brothers died heroically one after another, both of their third brothers Chen Songnian risked being harmed by the enemy to handle their funeral.
Chen Songnian was born in 1910, a round smaller than his elder brother. When his two older brothers were sent to a new school by his father to accept the new culture, he was still a toddler. In 1913, Chen Duxiu was arrested by Yuan Shikai and went to Japan because of opposition to Yuan Shikai's restoration of the imperial system.
Yuan Shikai's minions could not catch Chen Duxiu, so he went to his house to arrest people. Chen Duxiu's three sons were all at home. The eldest brother Chen Yannian was very clever. When he heard the sound of smashing the door outside, he was not as scared as other children, but acted extremely sharply.
He led his two younger brothers to overturn the wall in the backyard and escaped, but Chen Songnian was only three years old. His brother lifted him to the wall, but he suddenly flipped into the neighbor's house. Fortunately, there was a wooden bathtub below. Chen Songnian carried it into the bathtub and burst into tears...
When the neighbor saw this scene of a messy child crying, he knew that "Chen Xiucai" rebelled again and caused trouble. The neighbor sympathized with the young children of the Chen family and decided to save the child. So he had an idea and immediately poured water into the plate and pretended to bathe Chen Songnian.
Yuan Dang came in to search for people, saw Chen Songnian in the bathtub, and asked, "Whose child is this?"
The neighbor pretended to be puzzled and kept saying, "Boss, this is of course my child! Is it a little more disturbing, which alarmed you?"
Yuan Dang saw that he was just an ignorant baby, so he didn't interrogate him anymore. Chen Songnian and his two brothers escaped, and Chen Songnian experienced the danger of doing revolution at a young age.
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When Chen Songnian was five years old, his father, who was far away in Shanghai, wanted to pick up his two brothers from home to study in Shanghai. Chen Songnian and his mother sent them on the way. Xiao Songnian refused to let his brother go and cried loudly. The brother coaxed him with a smile: "Stop crying, it's not that I can't see you. We will pick you up and go to Shanghai soon!"
However, none of them expected that this farewell would be the last parting in this life. Chen Songnian never saw him again from then on.
Chen Songnian's subsequent growth process was obviously different from his brother. He has always stayed in his hometown, followed his grandmother and mother, taken good care of himself, went to school, found employment, and managed the family, and kept his duties.
Chen Songnian did not understand the revolutionary ideals, but his revolutionary concepts were more plain. The Chinese have always emphasized "loyalty and filial piety". As Chen Songnian grew up, he realized that his father and two brothers were loyal and righteous for the revolution, and they both did not care about their personal affection for the family.
Chen Songnian rarely saw his father since he was a child, let alone "to be happy with his knees", but Chen Songnian silently agreed that his father owed his grandmother's two brothers to his mother's filial piety, and he should be fulfilled by himself.
But when he learned of the news of his brother's tragic sacrifice, Chen Songnian did not timidly escape, but stood up bravely. For two consecutive years, he received a vicious government notice, informing his brother that he would be "reformed".
Every time Chen Songnian came to the court with his sister to collect the body of his brother, but the reactionaries did not allow them to approach each other twice. Chen Songnian had to burn incense outside the court and kneel down, feeling heartbroken...
My sister could not withstand two tragic blows, and was mentally ill and suffering from hemorrhage. She passed away in a sad age at the age of 28. Chen Songnian wanted to bury her sister again. Subsequently, her grandmother and mother also died tragically one after another. Who can afford a series of blows?
However, Chen Songnian, who was just twenty years old, dealt with his relatives' funerals again and again with strength that his peers did not have. You can imagine how deep the sadness in his heart is, and how persistent the perseverance that supports him to live is.
At this time, his father Chen Duxiu was arrested by the Kuomintang for the fifth time in his life. Chen Songnian took his wife to visit his father again. Chen Duxiu, who had been stubborn and strong all his life, looked at his youngest son who was twenty years old and had a haggard face, and wanted to comfort him.
But just said the sentence "A man will not cry easily" but he couldn't help but cry...
He knew very well: this youngest son who seemed to be unable to shout any earth-shaking revolutionary slogans, in fact, his inner resoluteness is no less than that of his two brothers. If he embarked on the road of revolution, he would definitely be a warrior with a strong and loyal heart.
At this time, Anti-Japanese War had already broken out, and the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party was fully launched. At the request of the Communist Party, the Kuomintang had to release the Communists and political prisoners who were placed in custody, and Chen Duxiu was also released.
Chiang Kai-shek knew Chen Duxiu's past prestige and felt that it was of value. So he wanted to win over it, so he sent someone to promise Chen Duxiu that he would be granted the title of official position and gain.
But Chen Duxiu refused firmly: How many revolutionary comrades have you killed me, including my two sons. I am magnanimous enough if I didn’t settle the score with you. Do you still want me to be in a snail with you?
From this we can see that he fully demonstrated the iron-for-heartedness of an old revolutionary.
At that time, Chen Duxiu's hometown in Anhui had become a Japanese invaders. Chen Duxiu had to wander with Chen Songnian and his family in Chongqing and became a refugee. He had no choice but to teach others, and Chen Duxiu had to make a living by writing articles.
1942, in a state of illness, Chen Duxiu walked through his controversial but extraordinary life. At the time of death, Chen Duxiu asked his youngest son to return to his roots and ask him to bury himself back to his hometown.
The national crisis is in danger, and where does Chen Songnian, who is penniless, have this ability? It was not until five years later that Chen Songnian used his father's reputation to run around, begging his grandfather to sue his grandmother, and spending enough money to bury his father back to his hometown in Anqing .
In order to prevent the Kuomintang from finding fault again, what Chen Songnian engraved on his father's tombstone was not the well-known "Chen Duxiu", but the old name "Chen Qiansheng" that his father used during his young scientific examination.
In a blink of an eye, New China has been established . Although Chen Songnian did not participate in the revolution, he knew that this was also the ideal for his father and two brothers to fight for, so he was extremely pleased.
However, because Chen Duxiu caused significant losses to our party, as his descendant, Chen Songnian not only did not receive the preferential treatment he deserved, but was treated coldly everywhere and even allowed to teach.
Chen Songnian was at this time, a couple and four children, six mouths to eat. In addition, Chen Songnian insisted that all four children go to school and receive education. In order to support the family, Chen Songnian, who had already experienced middle-aged, had to go to a brick kiln factory and do hard work in moving bricks.
The sick wife also held a matchbox, but died in painstaking effort...
The children could not bear to let their father continue this inhuman work and wanted to drop out of school to work. Chen Songnian refused to allow it and said, "The Chen family has been passed down from poetry and books for generations. No matter how poor or hard it is, they cannot drop out of school. They must be a useful talent. This is also the lifelong expectation of your grandfather."
However, just with his little hard-earned money, how can they afford to support their four children to go to school? Just when his call to heaven should not be called to earth would not be effective, fate miraculously turned around.
1953, Chairman Mao visited Anhui and walked to Anqing. He suddenly remembered that this was Chen Duxiu's hometown...
Chairman Mao was still nostalgic to Chen Duxiu. It was the young Mao Zedong who read the "New Youth" he founded that he first knew what communism was. Later, he visited Chen Duxiu in Beijing. Chen Duxiu was keen on his keen eyes and recognized him. He believed that this poor scholar would definitely be an outstanding leading cadre of our party in the future, so he focused on cultivating.
Chen Duxiu can also be regarded as the mentor who truly guides the young Mao Zedong on the road of revolution.
plus Chairman Mao also knew that Chen Duxiu's two sons had sacrificed heroically for the revolution, so he asked with concern: "Who else is there in Chen Duxiu's family?"
When he learned that Chen Songnian was extremely poor and even Chen Duxiu's previous property was sold, Chairman Mao was in a very heavy mood. He then said: "Oh! Why sell the house! The Chen family has made great contributions and sacrifices to the Chinese revolution, and Chen Songnian deserves to be taken care of..."
So under the care of Chairman Mao, the fate of Chen Songnian's family was changed. The government issued a "revolutionary sacrifice military family commemorative certificate to his family in 1954, which made Chen Songnian extremely grateful and gratified, which means two The heroic deeds of a brother were not forgotten by the party and the government, and they died as if they were.
He also received 30 yuan of subsidies from the government every month. In the 1950s, this was a considerable amount. Chen Songnian also became a teacher as he wished, and his children went to school smoothly.
What made Chen Songnian particularly proud is that his son Chen Changqi lived up to his father's expectations. Not only was he admitted to university, but he later became the dean of the School of Mechanical Science and Technology of Hefei University of Technology and became a pillar of the country.
Chen Songnian still kept his gratitude to the Party and Chairman Mao until his later years. When paying homage to his father and brother, he never forgot to tell them what a world of new China has been like...
In 1990, Chen Songnian calmly walked through his bumpy and unrepentant life at the age of 80.
