As a famous wise queen in the history of the Qing Dynasty, the life of the Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang is a legend. She married Huang Taiji at the age of 313, became the Empress Dowager at the age of 32, and became the Empress Dowager at the age of 49. Xiaozhuang , which has experienced four dynasties, played an irreplaceable and important role in the early Qing Dynasty .
especially Kangxi Emperor, under the personal support and guidance of his grandmother Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang, he became a wise monarch with both civil and military power. Therefore, Emperor Kangxi and his grandmother Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang had a deep relationship. After Xiaozhuang passed away, Kangxi was so sad that he fainted several times.
In the feudal era, people attached great importance to their affairs after death, especially the royal aristocrats. What's more, Kangxi was extremely filial to his grandmother Xiaozhuang. Therefore, Kangxi's grand burial of Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang was a matter of course. is strange that Xiaozhuang was able to be buried 37 years after his death, and the reigning emperor had become Yongzheng .
This is inevitably doubtful. Emperor Kangxi, as a filial son and grandson, did not arrange for Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang to be buried. Could it be that there is any unknown gap between the two? In fact, the reason why Kangxi failed to bury his grandmother in time was because of a last word left by Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang before her death.
Xiaozhuang is not favored by Huang Taiji
In 1616 AD, Later Jin began to rise. In order to fight Ming Dynasty , the Later Jin seeks to marry Mongolia. Under this background, Xiaozhuang was asked by the family to marry Huang Taiji, and the relationship between Xiaozhuang and Huang Taiji is also very complicated, because Xiaozhuang's aunt (Empress Xiaoduan) was Huang Taiji's wife at this time, which means that Huang Taiji was Xiaozhuang's uncle and was 20 years older than her.
After marrying Xiaozhuang, Huang Taiji married several concubines, the most famous concubine was Chenfei Hai Lanzhu, She is Xiaozhuang's elder sister, and she is only five years older than Xiaozhuang. So in Huang Taiji's harem, there was a strange situation where the three aunts and nephews served one husband together.
Among the three, Huang Taiji's favorite concubine was Hai Lanzhu. In fact, Hai Lanzhu was already in her twenties when she entered the palace. Judging from the age of women's marriage at that time, before marrying Huang Taiji, Hai Lanzhu obviously had a marriage, but this did not affect Huang Taiji's favor for her at all. Hai Lanzhu, who entered the palace after , was also named one of the "Five Palaces" and was ranked above Xiaozhuang.
Hai Lanzhu gave birth to the eighth son of the emperor, Huang Taiji was even more happy and immediately made the prince the crown prince. Unfortunately, the child unfortunately died prematurely. The pain of losing his son made Hai Lanzhu depressed all day long. Soon after, he died of illness. Hai Lanzhu's death made Huang Taiji extremely sad and even fell into a coma:
Civil Chen Borjijit's , Empress Xiaozhuang sister,... The concubine favored Taizong and gave birth to the eighth son of the emperor, and the emperor pardoned him. The prince is sad, no title. ...In September of the sixth year, the concubine died at the age of 33. Emperor Taizong was attacking Songxing Mountain and heard that the concubine was sick. Bi died and was very sad. Unconscious...
Just shortly after Hai Lanzhu's death, Xiaozhuang gave birth to Huang Taiji's ninth son Fulin ( Shunzhi Emperor), However, Fulin's birth did not reduce Huang Taiji's longing for Hai Lanzhu. On the contrary, because Fulin was born in a bad time, Huang Taiji did not have much favoritism for this son, and Xiaozhuang was also neglected, resulting in the failure to give birth to another son in the next six years.
supports his son to the throne
In 1643 AD, Huang Taiji died suddenly before he could designate his heir. At that time, Xiaozhuang was only 32 years old, and Fulin was only 6 years old. According to the Qing Dynasty's ancestral system, the successor should be elected by the nobles of the royal family. The most advantageous competitors were Dorgon and Huang Taiji's eldest son Haoge, and the young Fulin was not considered at all.
The record of this dispute over the throne within the Qing court in "Draft History of Qing Dynasty" is a brief description:
In the autumn of August of the eighth year, Emperor Taizong died, and the heir was not decided. Prince Heshuo Li The kings of the Shanhui, Beile, Beizi , and civil and military ministers agreed to be the superior throne and vow to the heaven and earth, and to assist in the administration with Prince Heshuo Zheng Jirhalang, Prince Heshuo Rui Dorgon.
But if you think about it, you will know that the truth will not be so simple. Dorgon is Huang Taiji's younger brother. He has made many military achievements and has a high prestige among the various banners. Haoge is Huang Taiji's eldest son and his strength will not be very weak. In other words, this is a battle between the throne between uncles and nephews. The two camps did not compromise with each other, which almost caused the Qing court to fall into a civil strife.
In the end, the two sides chose a compromise plan to allow the ninth prince of the emperor Fulin to succeed the throne. So why didn’t the ministers choose Fulin among the princes except Haoge and Fulin? The reason for is not only that Fulin has the bloodline of Borjigit, but also related to Xiaozhuang's usual long-sleeved and good dance, so later generations speculated that there was an unusual relationship between her and Dorgon.
No matter what, Xiaozhuang must have paid a considerable price to support Shunzhi to take office. After Shunzhi took power, he was very rebellious and disgusted Xiaozhuang's discipline. So he ignored Xiaozhuang's opposition and deposed the queen and favored Dong Efei alone. From some records in historical materials, it can be seen that Shunzhi and his mother Xiaozhuang were not in good condition.
trained a wise ruler, and left his last words after his death
Later, Shunzhi died of illness, Xiaozhuang selected Kangxi from the three princes and supported him to ascend the throne. After Kangxi ascended the throne, the major affairs of the government were under the control of the four auxiliary ministers. , especially after Kangxi reached the age of rule, Oboi , one of the four auxiliary ministers, became more arrogant and domineering, and sometimes even oversteadfast and made decisions for Kangxi, which made Kangxi very disgusted.
Although Kangxi's young talents have been exaggerating in later history books, they have eliminated Oboi by their own efforts, but it is impossible to say that Xiaozhuang has not participated in it at all, or rather, it is precisely because of the strong help of his grandmother that Kangxi has the confidence and confidence to attack Oboi.
After Kangxi's great power, he recalled that without his grandmother's death, he would definitely not have achieved what he has today. What is even more commendable is that although Xiaozhuang has the strength, he did not monopolize the government like Lu Zhi and Wu Zetian in history. Instead, he allowed Kangxi to do so. He would only mention Kangxi when encountering major events such as the establishment of the crown prince and the pacification of the Three Feudalists.
It can be said that Xiaozhuang had a huge impact on Kangxi, even far beyond his father Emperor Shunzhi. Xiaozhuang left a problem for Kangxi before her death. She said in her last words:
Emperor Taizong Wen's coffin has been in peace for a long time and is humble and respectful. It is not convenient to be buried together at this time. If you set up a separate cemetery, it would be a waste of money and mobilize the masses, and it would not be a joint burial. I love you and your son in my heart, and I can't bear to leave. I must stay in Zunhua and have no regrets.
According to the Qing Dynasty's ancestral system, if concubines die before the emperor, they should be buried in the imperial tomb first, and then buried the emperor's coffin into the underground palace after the emperor's grand ceremony, and then sealed the gate of the underground palace. The concubines who died after the emperor could no longer be buried in the imperial tomb, but would set up a new tomb next to the imperial tomb.
The difficulty of Kangxi was that if obeyed Xiaozhuang's last words and buried her in the Eastern Qing Tomb (Imperial Tomb) would violate the ancestral system. If she was sent back to Shengjing and buried next to Huang Taiji, it would violate the last words of her grandmother. had no choice but to build a "temporary An Feng Temple" (located outside the Fengshui wall of Xiaoling ), temporarily placed the Xiaozhuang coffin there, and this time it was released for 37 years.
Conclusion
Unable to think of a solution to this problem until Kangxi died. It was not until Yongzheng ascended the throne that a cemetery was built on the basis of the temporary Feng Hall and buried Xiaozhuang on the spot. It is known in history as " Zhaoxiling " (named to the west of Huangtaiji Zhaoling). At this time, this legendary woman who has been through four dynasties and has not fallen and supported two generations of emperors was finally buried...
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