ice is simple and convenient to make, just one refrigerator is enough. Ice-made products have become an indispensable thing for people in the hot summer.
The life-savior in summer
It is hard to believe that the ancient Chinese may have made ice cube as early as ,000 years ago, and the ancients used hot water, which made physicists very confused.
Ancient ice cubes
The history of the ancients using ice cubes is traced back to Shangzhou th period , during that period, the ancients stored the ice cubes in winter in ice cellars for use in summer.
According to the law of heat transfer, the thicker the object, the lower the effect of heat transfer , and the deep cellar is almost impossible to accept heat from the outside world.
Heat transfer diagram
So the cellar is always in the state of constant temperature , and the block of ice located in the cellar can also be saved well until summer.
The ancients who had ice were still very fun to play with. The ancients used their wisdom to design a simple refrigerator.
Early simple refrigerators were made of bronze , highlighting the grandeur and luxuriousness of the royal family. The simple refrigerator looks like a square box, and several places dedicated to ice cubes were cast around the box.
Bronze Ice Archive
can all be placed in the surrounding area, and the air conditioner is passed on, and the inside of the box cools down quickly, eventually forming the effect of the refrigerator.
The ancients called it "" " . The "bing arc" was placed in the room by the ancients. It can not only store food, but also achieve the purpose of cooling, which is very convenient.
Ice Guest Wonderful Uses
With the development of the southern economy, many people began to move southwards . It became a problem for the nobles and nobles to use "Ice Guest" in the hot south.
Because in the winter in the south, does not freeze . Even if there are ice cubes, it is still thin broken ice. Not to mention storing it until summer, it will have to melt even if it is fished up for a while.
The winter in the north and south is not a heavyweight
, and due to the lack of in technology, many northern regions are easily melted in improper storage of ice, so that the ice cubes in summer cannot be supplied at all.
At this time, the ancients wanted to be able to make ice cubes manually. As the saying goes, as long as the mind does not slip, there are always more ways than difficulties. It really made the ancients find a way to make ice cubes.
The ancients usually stored ice cubes in winter and used
Ancient ice making methods
In my country's book " Huainan Wanbishu ", there is a method of making ice by hot water. The ancients said: "Put the boiling soup in a jar, put it in a new pot, and make ice in three days in Shen (well)."
roughly means that puts the water of boiling in the jar, and after the top seal is completed, it is placed in the well for three days, and it will turn ice after three days.
well was a natural refrigerator in ancient times
Seeing this, many people have questions about , cold water ice making is difficult, why do you still use hot water to make ice? Moreover, the temperature in the well water cannot reach the condensation point, and even the well water itself cannot freeze. How can it make the boiling water freeze?
In this regard, physicists were like everyone at the beginning. After seeing that was , they started experiments to find out.
Ice Experiment
According to the principles of physics, the lower the air pressure of , the higher the freezing point of water. If you want the water to freeze, you must change the air pressure where the water is located.
At this time, the closed jar and boiling water become the key to understanding the problem.
Hot water is easier to freeze than cold water
When boiling water enters the jar, The water vapor temperature is high , and part of the air originally included is removed. The ancients sealed it up, and the gas is eliminated through tiny holes, forming a high temperature and low pressure state in the house.
According to the Joule Thomson effect, the temperature will change rapidly after the gas penetrates through porously.
At this time, the ancients only needed to find the well water at degrees Celsius , place it in it, and the hot water in the jar can freeze.
After such a complex principle process, a small amount of crushed ice can be formed in the jar.
What physicists don’t understand is how ancient people found the method of freezing in these variables .
You should know that this frozen step can't be wrong. Why in ancient times when science was backward, people used hot water instead of cold water?
The wisdom of the ancients should not be underestimated
Some experts speculated that ancient people actually tried both water sources, and the reason why the ancients used boiling water was the water vapor that emerged after the water boiled, and was very similar to the air-conditioning that emerged from ice.
In ancient times when productivity was lagging behind, people would think that these two things had the close correlation of , and boiling water and ice could be transformed into each other.
So I used boiling water to conduct a lot of experiments on . Of course, it may also be discovered by the ancients in an accident.
For example, when a person wants to drink water, but is afraid that boiling water is too hot , so he soaks the boiling water into the well water, but this person forgot to mention it.
After waiting for a few days, I remembered that the boiling water in my jar actually formed ice cube . I was overjoyed and made this advanced manufacturing technology public.
In the eyes of ancient people, boiling water ice making can be described as a miracle
No matter what the reason is, if you want to use the urn to make ice cubes too many variables , the ancient people's technology is difficult to control and it is difficult to succeed.
Even if it is really successful, without the insulation system in ancient times, crushed ice could not be transported from a distance, its refrigeration effect is poor, time-consuming, labor-intensive and efficient.
Many experts speculate that this cannot be an ancient ice-making method, it is just that records the possibility of ice-making in the book.
Saltpe Icemaking
In ancient times, the most commonly used ice-making method was to make saltpeter ice.
When people went out, they found a kind of crystal stone . This stone is Saltpe . If it looks very good, they save it.
Before saving, people repeatedly wiped to keep it clean, and as a result, saltpeter powder entered the water.
Saltpe Icemaking
After preparing to rest for a while, the ancients found that the small puddle where they were just now had ice residue . You should know that this is in the hot summer, and there will be no freezing in the wild.
Some smart people can see that it must be this "divine stone" at work, so repeatedly tested and discovered the characteristics of saltpeter being able to freeze.
plus saltpeter ice making is very fast and convenient . Later, saltpeter became an important raw material for ice making in ancient people.
The principle of making ice in saltpeter is very simple. In fact, after saltpeter is dissolved in water, it can absorb a large amount of heat , causing the temperature in the water to reach freezing point.
Of course, saltpeter itself is inedible to . When the ancients made edible ice cubes, they would prepare two basins of water, one large and one small.
Saltpeptide is not edible from blood experience
Small basin is placed in large water basin , filled with water, and then put saltpeter in the large water basin. After the temperature of the large water basin decreases, it is quickly transferred to the small water basin, so that ice cubes can also be formed. Ice making method such as
can recycle saltpeter in large water basins, and can also ensure the practicality of ice cubes in small water basins.
has to be praised, the ancients outstanding wisdom , came up with so many ways to make ice.
The uses of ancient ice cubes
In ancient times, ice cubes were very widespread. First of all, ice cubes could be made into "ice sorbet" . The way of making ice sorbet has a modern feeling.
In ancient times, people put sugar and vanilla in a semi-open small jar , and then soak the jar in water with saltpeter. After solidification, they can get a delicious "sorbet".
Ancient ice cream: Sushan
Because our ancient handicraft was very developed, the shapes of the jars used to fill ice soybeans are different. In ancient times, people could even eat ice soybeans of various shapes.
can also be customized according to taste. If people is enough to get , they can even eat chili-flavored sorbet, which is very convenient.
However, in ancient times, people had poor mining technology for saltpeter. The production of saltpeter was low in , and the cost itself was high, so the price of ice sorbet was naturally not as cheap as modern times.
Saltpeptide
What is even more surprising is that ice cubes can actually medicinal in ancient times.
In "Compendium of Materia Medica", it records the value of ice cubes in and in . When heat stroke is used in summer, apply ice cubes on the Danzhong point to drive away heat and relieve heat.
Danzhong point diagram
To this day, children ice stickers sold in pharmacies use the principle of temperature transfer to lower children's body temperature.
In medical work, ice can also relieve patients' pain , especially when people had toothaches, which is very practical.
Ice cubes are also used in entertainment activities . In some places, some people throw broken ice on high places, allowing people to feel the ice in the hot summer
