Qianlong became the Supreme Emperor for four years. Jiaqing The emperor often asked for instructions and reported, but in fact, Qianlong controlled the real power. At this time, Heshen was still favored, but the situation changed after all.
Portrait of Emperor Jiaqing
Heshen should prevent Emperor Jiaqing from punishing him in the future, on the one hand, he should please Emperor Jiaqing, and on the other hand, he should limit the power of Emperor Jiaqing. So he played the so-called balance technique between Qianlong and Emperor Jiaqing.
First of all, he tried his best to restrict Jiaqing from cultivating and appointing his confidants. When Jiaqing ascended the throne, his teacher, Zhu Gui, was the governor of Guangdong at the time, and submitted a memorial to the court to express his congratulations. Heshen ran to Qianlong to sue Zhu Gui, and criticized him. However, Qianlong ignored it.
According to the "Edicts" and " Qing History Draft " on August 29, the first year of Jiaqing, Qianlong was preparing to summon Zhu Gui back to Beijing and be promoted to Grand Secretary.
Jiaqing wrote a poem to congratulate the teacher. Heshen took the manuscript of Jiaqing's unfinished poem to Qianlong to complain, saying, "Emperor Jiaqing won the hearts of the people and counted your kindness to Zhu Gui on your own."
This time, Qianlong was angry. He asked the Minister of Military Affairs Dong Gao : "What is this legal behavior?" Fortunately, Dong Gao knelt down at that time and advised Qianlong, "The Holy Lord has no words." Qianlong gave up. But soon, Heshen made an excuse to incite Qianlong to demote Zhu Gui from the Governor of Guangdong and Guangxi to the Governor of Anhui.
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Zhaolian "Xiaoting Miscellaneous Records " records that Heshen also sent his teacher Wu Shenglan to Jiaqing, nominally to help organize the poems, but in fact he monitored Jiaqing's words and deeds.
In the second year of Jiaqing, the head of the military minister Agui died of illness, and Heshen naturally became the head of the military minister. At this time, Grand Secretary Wang Jie was unable to stand Heshen and had already retired. Dong Gao also returned to his hometown because he wanted to mourn his mother. In Military Affairs Office , Heshen can call the wind and rain. At this time, Qianlong was old and weak, and his memory was reduced. He forgot what he did yesterday today, and he didn't understand what he did in the morning at night. When Heshen truly became the spokesperson for Qianlong, he did his best. His dominance is even more serious than before, and no one dares to say a word.
How did Emperor Jiaqing deal with Heshen, who was so scheming and deeply favored by the Supreme Emperor?
He adopted a policy of playing hard to get, and he saw Heshen's every move and kept silent. Some ministers criticized Heshen in person. Emperor Jiaqing said, "I am also going to ask Heshen to help me govern the country. Why do you criticize him?" He often asked Heshen to report some military and national affairs reported by the Emperor to stabilize Heshen.
On the third day of the first lunar month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, the 89-year-old Qianlong died, and Heshen's backer fell down in an instant. However, Jiaqing did not attack Heshen immediately. On the same day, Jiaqing appointed Heshen and Prince Rui and others to preside over the funeral event. On the other hand, Jiaqing immediately issued an order and summoned his teacher Zhu Gui to return to Beijing quickly, which was a signal.
The next day, , on the fourth day of the first lunar month, Jiaqing issued another special edict to condemn the generals who suppressed the White Lotus Rebellion in front of Sichuan. They only knew how to play tricks and seek rewards for their merits.
On the same day, Jiaqing suddenly removed Heshen and Fu Chang'an from the position of Minister of Military Affairs Department, who were mainly responsible for this matter, and ordered them to keep a guard day and night in the big world, not to enter and exit, and cut off their contact with the outside world.
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On the third day, on the fifth day of the first lunar month, Wang Niansun , Guangxing and other officials submitted memorials to impeach Heshen for fraud in power and commit serious crimes.
On the fourth day, , on the sixth day of the first lunar month, Jiaqing made a series of personnel adjustments.
The sixth day, the eighth day of the first lunar month, Jiaqing ordered: From now on, all the memorial documents must be sent directly to him and reported to him. The Military Affairs Office shall not copy copies. It was also pointed out that ministers of various departments and courts shall not inform the Minister of Military Affairs of the contents of the memorial in advance.
On the seventh day, on the ninth day of the first lunar month, while announcing the will of Qianlong, Jiaqing announced the removal of Heshen and Fu Chang'an, and handed over to the Ministry of Justice to imprison him. Prince Yi, Prince Yongxuan, , Prince Cheng, and others were responsible for the search of Heshen's property and interrogated him together.
On the eighth day, the tenth day of the first lunar month, Jiaqingyu approved: Strength investigation and handling of deputy appointments.
On the ninth day, on the eleventh day of the first lunar month, after preliminary investigation and interrogation, Jiaqing announced Heshen's 20 major crimes, mainly including deceiving the emperor, seizing military information reports, appointing private confidants, violating the Qing Dynasty system, embezzling and accumulating money, etc., and informing the governors of various provinces to discuss the conviction, that is, they all want to express their opinions.
On the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, the governor of Zhili Hu Jitang first made his statement, and he accused him in the memorial; Heshen was crazy, looked down on the king, was ill of the country and the people, was corrupt and debauchery, and was really a shameless villain, so he asked Heshen to be taken to the execution ground and executed by storm.
What is lingchi? It's just cut into pieces.
Jiaqing immediately instructed: Officials above the third rank in Beijing discuss this opinion. If they have different opinions, they can also submit a report to the emperor. In fact, it sets the tone based on Hu Jitang's opinion and asks everyone to raise their hands to pass.
On the 18th day of the first lunar month, the meeting of civil and military ministers in Beijing requested Jiaqing to execute Heshen Lingchi and behead Fu Chang'an, who was in charge of the same case.
The "Edict" in the first month of the fourth year of Jiaqing, it was recorded that Jiaqing said at that time that Heshen deserved the crime, and it would not be too much to deal with it. However, considering that he was the foreman of the Military and Aircraft Minister, for the sake of the country, he was exempted from being punished on the street and was given the gift of himself.
Fu Chang'an was sentenced to reimbursement for death, but he had to kneel down and watch Heshen commit suicide with his own eyes.
Heshen was cunning, and Jiaqing was not an ordinary person. In just 15 days, he cleaned up a second emperor who had been favored by the late emperor for decades. Moreover, he said everywhere that Heshen offended the late emperor Qianlong, so it was natural to deal with the favorite minister of the late emperor during the mourning period.
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