Qin Huang sweeps Liuhe, looks at He Xiongzai!
Qin Shihuang After the unification of China, it is planned that the world will be passed down to the infinite, and the people will be He Shibi ( lantian jade) carved into a four-inch square with a tiger as the key. The jade seal, and also ordered the prime minister Li Si. The seal was written with the eight characters "destined to the sky, longevity and everlasting". It was engraved on the jade seal by the jade worker Sun Shou. .
The Chuan Guoyu Seal replaced the Zhou Dynasty’s " 九鼎" as a symbol of the emperor. After its appearance, it was regarded as a symbol of dynasty orthodoxy and a proof of legitimacy. It was gradually deified by later emperors, and you would grow old without this jade seal. I feel that the throne under the buttocks is not reliable, and the person who gets this jade seal will immediately have the ambition to become the emperor.
Around the Chuanguo Yuxi, a series of legendary stories have emerged.
The Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom
The jade seal of the Chuan Kingdom was put on the shelf after it came out. The emperor did not use it when he was actually dealing with government affairs, and used it as the "six seals of the emperor" to work.
Qin Shihuang wanted to pass on for all generations, but the second generation died. Liu Bang first entered Xianyang, and Qin Wang Ziying descended to Daozuo and dedicated the Jade Seal to Han Gaodi Liu Bang, from Qin to Han.
As mentioned earlier, Chuanguo Yuxi is regarded as a symbol of dynasty orthodoxy and a proof of legitimacy. So when Wang Mang usurped the Han , he immediately forced the Queen Mother Xiaoyuan to Suo Yuxi to usurp the Han as an emperor and increase the legitimacy for himself. The queen mother was furious and threw a jade seal to the ground, breaking a corner; Wang Mang ordered people to inlay with gold, although she was exquisite in craftsmanship, she also left the scars of missing corners.
After Wang Mang's defeat, the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom fell into the hands of Emperor Gengshi emperor Liu Xuan ; Liu Xuan was defeated by red eyebrow army ,Yuxi fell into the hands of Liupenzi again; after the defeat of the Red Eyebrow Army, Yuxi returned to Emperor Guangwu of the Han Dynasty Liu Xiu , and returned to the Han after a round.
During the rebellion of Dong Zhuo at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, all princes attacked Dong Zhuo. 董卓 Seeing that the Kwantung Army was in full force, Luoyang was destroyed and the capital was moved to Chang'an, where the jade seal was lost. After Sun Jian led his army into Luoyang, he accidentally fished out the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom from Zhenguanjing in the south of the city. Yuan Shu used Sun Jian's wife and child as a threat to obtain the Yuxi Seal. As mentioned above, he immediately gave birth to the ambition to become an emperor. However, some people think that Sun Jian's discovery of the jade seal of the country is a fiction.
After Yuan Shu's defeat, Yuxi was acquired by and Cao Cao. At this time, Cao Cao "holds the emperor to make the princes". After obtaining the Yuxi, he was even more powerful and destined, and from Han to , Cao Wei, and then from Cao Wei to it. Western Jin.
Yuan Shu sees the "Xi" eyes open
The confusing jade seal of the country
After the Western Jin Dynasty, the whereabouts of the jade seal gradually became confusing. After Yongjia Chaos, Jinhuai Di was captured, and the Chuan Guoyu seal was obtained by former Zhao Liu Cong, Shile exterminated the former Zhao to obtain the jade seal, and then passed to and later Zhao. It is Ran Min's Ran Wei.
The previous article mentioned that the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom was a symbol of the orthodoxy of the dynasty. After the Western Jin Dynasty, the Jade Seal fell into the hands of the former Zhao Liu clan and the Later Zhao Shi clan. Therefore, Liu and Shi Er clan said that the jade seal was not in the Jin Dynasty and ridiculed the Jin emperor as the "white plate emperor."The Jin Dynasty was deeply ashamed.
After Ran Min usurped the throne, Zhao placed Yuxi in Yecheng. Min died in the country's chaos, and his son called for help in in the Eastern Jin Dynasty and sent Yuxi to the Eastern Jin Dynasty. After that, it spread from the north to in the Southern Dynasty . The above-mentioned spreading path is just a statement. During the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties , the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom has been difficult to verify, and it is possible to lose or damage it.
According to the aforementioned path, after the Sui Dynasty put down Jiangnan, the rumored jade seal should be inherited by it. Emperor Yang of the Sui Dynasty Yang Guang was killed in Jiangdu, Queen Xiao fled with the jade seal to Mobei Turkic. In the fourth year of Tang Zhenguan (630 years), general Li Jing led an army to conquer Turks ; in the same year, Empress Xiao returned to the Central Plains and dedicated the jade seal to Tang Taizong . The jade seal was passed from the Southern Dynasty to the Sui Dynasty and then to the Tang Dynasty.
Tang Taizong Li Shimin
Unknown Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom
After the fall of the Tang Dynasty, Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms followed, and the jade seal was passed on to the late Tang Emperor Li Congke. The child emperor Shi Jingtang used the Khitan cavalry to go south to rebel and invaded Luoyang, the capital of the post-Tang Dynasty. Li Congke was unwilling to capture the jade seal and burned himself to death, and the jade seal was also missing. Since the Qin Dynasty, the Jade Seal of the Chuan Kingdom was passed to and the whereabouts of are unknown. This is also the most widely circulated version.
However, the Taiwanese writer Gaoyang believes that from the Qin to the Later Jin Dynasty, there were actually three jade seals that passed down the country during this period:
1. Qin seals were originally made by the first emperor. Yongchang", died in the Southern and Northern Dynasties;
2. Jin Xi,A jade seal made by the Eastern Jin Dynasty after Qin Xi’s disappearance. The text says, "Emperor Shouchang was ordered to heaven." The one held by Li Congke at the end of the Tang Dynasty is the Jin seal; , The text says, "By the order of heaven, only virtue and prosperity", Khitan was brought back to Khitan after the extermination of Jin Dynasty, and the Emperor Tianzuo and Yelv Yanxi were lost in Sangganhe at the end of the Liao Dynasty.
Li Congke hugged the seal to set himself ablaze
During the Song Zhezong period, Xianyang farmer Duan Yi discovered a jade seal and dedicated it to the court. The ministers identified it as the first emperor’s jade seal, and Song Zhezong also deliberately changed the Yuan " yuan symbol" ", but many people of insight doubt its authenticity, and it is likely to be another political performance that whitewashes peace. Until the Jingkang Rebellion, the golden soldiers broke through the capital city Bianliang and obtained 14 various jade seals, including this Qingxi seal. By the time Jin Aizong Wanyan Shouxu died in Caizhou, the whereabouts of this Qingxi seal was also unknown.
Ming Dynasty no official seal
From Yuan Dynasty to the 31st year of Yuan Dynasty (1294), Cheng Cui Yu in Yushi bought a jade seal from his widow who was found after the hero. Cui Yu didn't know what characters were engraved on Yuxi, so he went to the erudite supervisor Yang Huan to appraise it. After reading it, Yang Huan said that it was the eight characters "Being entrusted to the heavens, Shou Yongchang", which was the first emperor's jade seal, and Jin was dedicated to the emperor, and was enshrined as a divine object, and passed down to the last emperor Yuanshun. . The Qingxi jade seal from the Northern Song Dynasty is suspected to be a forgery with a high probability, and this so-called Guoguo Yuxi is obviously impossible to be true.
No matter Qin Xi, Jin Xi, Shi Xi, or later Northern Song Dynasty Qing Xi, they all disappeared in the long river of history. However, the symbolic significance of the Chuan Guoyu Seal has not disappeared, and the legitimacy of its representative is still needed by imperial power politics.
Therefore, when a new dynasty is established, the jade seals left over from the previous dynasties are often received in full to show the transfer of fate. But the Ming Dynasty was an exception, because Emperor Yuanshun brought Yuxi back to his hometown in Mobei, but the Ming army did not capture it. Therefore, when the Ming Dynasty was founded, Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang had three regrets,The first piece is "The Seal of Shao Chuan Country".
Ming Taizu Zhu Yuanzhang
As many of the Yuan dynasty's destiny is still in the eyes of the Mongols, Zhu Yuanzhang is the "white emperor." Therefore, regardless of whether Zhu Yuanzhang or later Zhudi went out of Mobei many times, they had been exhausted and got nothing. They have never gotten the jade seal of Beiyuan .
Ming Chengzu Zhu Di was the throne that he seized from his nephew through the " battle of Jing Nan ", which seriously lacked legitimacy. Therefore, Zhu Di used a series of actions such as moving the capital to Beijing, 's voyage to the West , and compiling the "Yongle Dadian" to promote the splendor of his cultural and martial arts, and establish the legitimacy for his ascension. Unfortunately, he still couldn't get rid of the infamy of "usurping the throne." But if you can seize the "Jade Seal of the Kingdom" from the Mongols, you can use the transfer of the fate to establish your own orthodoxy. Zhu Di Yujia personally conquered, "Five out of Mobei, three plows to capitulate the pavilion", but Master Lao did not retrieve the jade stone in his expedition.
In the thirteenth year of Hongzhi (1500), the governor of Shaanxi Xiong Chong made a contribution to the Yuxi side, and Shu Xiaozhuan "is entrusted to heaven and lives forever", saying that it is "Qin Xi's comeback". And Fu Han, the official book of the Ministry of Etiquette, said, "Man governs the world with virtue and not a seal, please don't use this job." Collect it in 内务府 and hide it instead of using it.
It is recorded in the "Ming History·Cheng Shao Biography" that in the fourth year of the Apocalypse (1624), Linzhang ploughed the land on the waterfront of Zhangshui. There is the text "Being entrusted to the heavens to live forever and everlasting", dedicated to the local official Cheng Shao. Cheng Shao reported to the imperial court that "Qin Xi has not been able to conquer for a long time" and hoped that his majesty would treasure talents. At that time, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian also wanted to use Yuxi as a political capital to publicize, but some sensible people opposed it.Had no choice but to end up hastily.
Whose family passed down the Great Seal
In 1636, the Huang Taiji sent Dorgon to conquer the Chahar division of Mongolia. Lin Danhan was forced to die of illness in Qinghai. The tribe surrendered to Dorgon and presented a Yuan Dynasty jade seal "The Treasure of Revelation". Huang Taiji unexpectedly obtained the Yuan Dynasty jade seal that the emperor of the Ming Dynasty dreamed of.
Huang Taiji's conquest of Chahar was a key to the death of Manchu. The former and Houjin only used Shanhaiguan as the boundary to draw borders; later, the country name was changed to "Qing", the clan name was changed to "Manchuria", and the reign name was " Chongde". Determined to enter the Central Plains; and a major factor that contributed to Huang Taiji's determination was the "Jade Seal of the Kingdom" in Chahar.
Of course, this is only a superficial reason, in fact, it is still a positive change in the strategic situation. At this time, Manchuria was attacked on three sides, North Korea in the east, Mongolia in the northwest and the Ming Dynasty in the southwest. Mongolia has three strong tribes, one is Horqin part in eastern Mongolia, which has a close relationship with Manchuria; the other is Ordos in western Mongolia, living in Hetao zone; the third is Chahar in central Mongolia. , also the strongest ministry, has always assisted the Ming Dynasty to contain the rise of Manchuria. Huang Taiji's destruction of Chahar was tantamount to breaking the Ming dynasty's arm; afterwards, he conquered North Korea and broke another arm. There was no worries about the future, and he could concentrate his efforts to fight the Ming dynasty and enter the Central Plains.
However, the seal of this jade seal obtained by Huang Taiji is "The Treasure of Making Enemies". It is neither a Jin seal nor a Shi's seal, nor a Song seal, nor is it a Qin seal. It should be an ordinary jade seal made after the Yuan Dynasty. That's it. It's just that Huang Taiji is very good at political propaganda, succeeded in building momentum, and formed a kind of public opinion guidance that is destined to belong to.It has gained enough political capital and established a sense of orthodoxy.
Ending
In Europe, there is " monarch power ", and we also have "destiny". Since the creation of the first emperor, the Jade Seal of the Kingdom has been given more political symbolic meaning, and it is orthodox, but How can the stable rule of a political power be determined by a jade stone? It can even be said that it is just an enlarged version of the beggars’ tokens.
But how much blood and stories are hidden behind this stone.
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