The Mongolians are undoubtedly a great nation. They take the "blue sky" as their highest belief and the "grey wolf" as their national totem. They are rare in the world and used to conquer the world. The target nation has left a strong mark in the history of the world. The Mongolian population in the world is about 9.7 million, accounting for about 0.13% of the world's population. Mongolia's appearance on the historical stage as an independent nation, and even coming to the center of the world stage, was due to a man named Temujin. Whether it is from the rise of the Mongolian nation or the process of world history, Temuzhen is worthy of being a genius. His name is Genghis Khan, which means "the khan with the four sides of the ocean", and "Genghis" in Mongolian means "send by heaven". The Mongolians believe that Temu is really a khan given to them by God, which can be seen in Mongolia. How much people respect Temujin. If you want to talk about the origin of the Mongols, you have to start from the Qin and Han dynasties...
Donghu is an ancient nomadic nation east of the Huns It is called Donghu. In fact, Donghu is not a single nation, but a tribal alliance composed of many clans. During the Qin and Han dynasties, with the rise of the Huns on the Mongolian plateau and their eastward march, the Donghu inevitably became rivals with them. In 209 BC, the Xiongnu Mao Dundan killed his father and supported himself by . King Donghu took advantage of the unstable situation and demanded a Maxima from the Xiongnu by virtue of a strong army, and Mao Dundan was forced to offer a Maxima. King Donghu thought that the Xiongnu was weak and could be deceived, so he had to make an inch of it, and forced Mao Dun Shan Yu to give out the Yanshi (Queen of the Xiong Nu), and Mao Dun Shan to endure the humiliation and bear heavy burdens, and finally offered his wife. From then on, King Donghu was arrogant and didn't put the Huns in his eyes.
For most peoples,The hatred of killing the father and the hatred of taking the wife are the greatest hatred. For a Xiongnu who can kill his biological father and sacrifice his wife, but is silent, doesn't King Donghu feel the coldness behind him? Waiting for Mao Dun Shanyu to stabilize his rule and integrate his forces, the Xiongnu suddenly launched an attack on Donghu. Donghu was caught off guard and defeated the army. King Donghu was killed and Donghu perished. The Donghu people who suffered the disaster of extinction fled to Daxinganling in two parts, one fled to Wuhuan Mountain and multiplied into the Wuhuan ethnic group; the other fled to Xianbei Mountain, and later developed into Xianbei ethnic .
The Xiongnu in the early Han Dynasty flourished for a while, at this time the Xianbei was also under the control of the Huns, so they could only accumulate power silently. During Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, the Huns fought against the Han dynasty. They were defeated by Wei Qing and Huo Qubing. They were chased down to Langjuxu Mountain (Kent Mountain in present-day Mongolia). The Huns defeated by were far away from and . There is no royal court in Monan, Huns have declined since then. Later, the Huns split, and Xianbei gradually got rid of the Huns' control. In 78 AD, the Han-Hungarian War had resumed, Eastern Han generals Dou Xian united with Southern Huns, Wuhuan defeated the Northern Huns at Jiluo Mountain (now Mongolia's Erbugen Mountain), and climbed Yanran Mountain ( This is the famous "yanranle stone" . At this time, the Xianbei’s Mo Ma and Li Bing continued to grow in strength. In 87 AD, they defeated the declining Northern Huns.A few years later, the Northern Huns were forced to move westward to Central Asia, and the Xianbei finally occupied the Mongolian grassland and gradually entered its heyday.
Western Jin Dynasty In the last year, the Central Plains was in chaos, five chaotic flowers . The Xianbei took the opportunity to enter the Central Plains and established the Murong clan swallows, Western Qin , Nanliang , Dai and other countries. At this time, northern China was in turmoil, and many ethnic minority regimes were established, but most of them existed for a short time. During this period, one of the Xianbei people, Tuoba Xianbei also entered the Central Plains and established the Northern Wei regime, which eventually unified northern China. During the period of Emperor Xiaowen of the Northern Wei Dynasty , implemented the Sinicization reform. The Tuoba royal family changed the Han surname to "Yuan", changed customs, and merged into the Han, and finally laid the foundation for the establishment of the unified dynasty . In 534 AD, Northern Wei split into Eastern Wei and Western Wei . Later, the Northern Qi replaced the Eastern Wei, and Northern Zhou replaced the Western Wei. Soon the Northern Zhou extinguished the Northern Qi and reunited the north. In 581 AD, the Han Yang Jian proclaimed the emperor on behalf of the Zhou Dynasty, changed the country's name to Sui, and the Northern Zhou Dynasty was destroyed. With the help of the foundation laid by the Northern Wei Dynasty and Northern Zhou Dynasty, the whole country was soon unified. So far, this part of Tuoba's Xianbei has all been Sinicized and has become a part of the Han nationality.
The Tuoba Xianbei who entered the Central Plains were all finished in Sinicization,Submerged in the vast ocean of the Han nationality, but the Tuoba Xianbei who stayed in the Greater Xing'an Mountains have re-developed and grown. They continue to merge and absorb the surrounding clans and tribes, and finally form a stronger Shiwei nation_ strong10strong. But at the same time, at the foot of the Altai Mountains, a nation called Turkic emerged rapidly. They wiped out the third-generation overlord on the grassland- Rouran , and their power extended to the Western Regions. Facing the powerful Turkic people , the Shiwei people finally surrendered and became a vassal of the Turkic Khanate.
After the rapid rise of the Turkic nation and becoming a new generation of grassland overlords, it inevitably clashed with the Han regime of the Central Plains. However, the Han nationality had just experienced national fusion at that time. It was as brave as the ethnic minorities. The Tang dynasty was the pinnacle of the ancient feudal dynasty. Therefore, the Turkic and the Tang dynasty were confronted by a huge palm. It was shot out. Western Turks, and post-Turks were successively destroyed by the Tang Dynasty. The East Turks belonged to the Tang Dynasty. The Turks were torn apart and gradually migrated westward, leaving the Mongolian grasslands. At this time, the departure of the Turks created a vacuum in the prairie again, and various nomads migrated to the Mongolian grasslands one after another, including one of the Shiwei people- . In the early 10th century AD, the Mogulshi Weiyue moved westward from the Ergun River , and finally reached the Bulhan Mountain (present-day Great Kent Mountain), Bulhan Mountain is the sacred mountain of the later Mongols, and Genghis Khan is rumored to be buried in this mountain.
Mongolian Shiwei bloomed on the Mongolian plateau and continued to multiply and thrive, and gradually evolved many Mongolian tribes . In the 12th century, there were Qiyan, Zadalan, Taichiwu, Hongjila , Wulianghe and other Mongolian tribes on the prairie, forming the Mongolian tribal alliance. But that era did not belong to the Mongols. The powerful Khitan and Jurchen alternately ruled the prairie, and the Mongolian tribes could only grow slowly in separation and combination. In fact, the Khitan and Shiwei are of the same race, and the Khitan and the Mongolian tribe are closely related by blood, so the Khitan is still friendly to the Mongolian tribe. However, the Jurchens, as a formidable nation that emerged between the Baishan and Heishui, have a natural estrangement and hostility from the ethnic groups on the western Mongolian grasslands. They treated the Mongolian tribes cruelly. During the Jin Zhangzong period, they imposed a high-pressure "reduction" on the Mongolian grasslands. Policy, regularly sent troops into the grasslands to slaughter male men, and forged blood feuds with the Mongolian tribes. Under the high-pressure policy of the Jin Dynasty , the Mongolian tribes gradually began to unify, and eventually the Jurchens forced themselves a tailor-made "nightmare" opponent. More importantly, at this time, a Mongolian super leader, Temujin, came out of the Mongolian Qiyan Tribe.
Temujin was born in a noble of the Qiyan tribe of Mongolia,After the loss of his father in his childhood, his family fell into trouble, and he suffered from the sufferings of the world, but he developed a courageous, firm-willed, and heroic character. In 1206 AD, Temujin unified the tribes of the grassland and established Mongolian Empire, which officially became "Genghis Khan". From then on, all herdsmen on the grassland were called Mongols, a brand-new Mongolian nation. born! The newly born Mongolian empire is like a child of a partial family. When religion, culture, economy and other aspects are very weak, it directly stretches the force value to the full. It is like a rising sun, bursting out incomparably powerful The combat power of the whole world was shocked.
For the farming nation, the establishment of urban residences is a necessary requirement. Since cities, houses, and farmland are fixed real estate, no matter how far a person or an army goes, they will eventually return to their hometown. Living. This means that farming civilization can only expand outwards with its core residential area as its center. Even if it has a strong force, it can't go far and can't keep it. This is determined by the inherent genes of the nation. The nomadic people originally lived by water and grass, and tribal migration is commonplace. For them, not only the grasslands of Mongolian grasslands can feed cattle and sheep, but the grasslands of Central Asia and Europe can also feed war horses, so they are nomads. When expanding abroad, they can often fight farther and stay in the local area to establish rule.
Genghis Khan and his descendants, with the unparalleled courage of the Mongols, made three westward marches to establish the Sea of Japan in the east, the Mediterranean Sea in the west, in the north, Siberia in the south, and the Persian Gulf in the south. Across the Eurasian continent, the Mongolian empire, with a vast area of nearly 35 million square kilometers at its peak, is the largest continuous empire in the history of the world. However, it is also because of the Mongolian nationality's "partial science" and weak ideological and cultural aspects that the "Four Khanates" established have been assimilated by Han culture, Islamic culture, and Turkic culture.In the end, the various khanates embarked on different development paths, laying the groundwork for the subsequent division of the empire.
In fact, Mongol Empire lost its unified identity and leadership after the fourth great Khan (Meng Ge Khan), and the Chinese mainland established The "Yuan Dynasty" integrated into the Chinese civilization and became a dynasty in Chinese history; and the , which moved towards the path of independent development, was the Qincha Khanate (Golden Horde), the Ilkhanate and Chahe Taiwan Khanate gradually moved away from the central dynasty, and there were even wars and frictions between each other. In fact, the Mongolian empire at this time was just a nominal empire, which used to maintain the unification of the empire. And culture no longer exists.
In 1368 AD, the Han nationality re-emerged. The Ming dynasty expelled the Mongolian regime in the Central Plains, and "Dayuan" became " Northern Yuan ". By the 14th and 15th centuries, the four khanates disintegrated one after another, and the Mongols' influence on the world continued to weaken. In Central Asia, the Turkicized Mongolian aristocracy Timur established the Timur empire , but this is the afterglow of the setting sun. In 1500 AD, the Timur empire perished. In Europe, Crimean Khanate was annexed by the Russian Empire,In 1783 AD, the last Mongolian Khan was executed. In China, the descendants of the Jurchens re-emerged and established Houjin . In 1632, the Houjin Great Khan emperor defeated Mongolian Lin Dan Khan , and Lin Dan Khan died in Dacaotan, Qinghai shortly after. At this point, the Mongol Empire disappeared.
To this day, Mongolian is still active in the forest of nations in the world, scattered all over the world. But for both modern Mongolian and independent Mongolia, they have actually stepped out of the center of the world stage and become a supporting role in the new era. A nation is great because of one person. This is a kind of luck and a kind of sadness. When the glory of Genghis Khan is gradually dissipating, no one can empathize with the loss suffered by the Mongolian nation. Whenever an eagle passes over the grassland and a galloping horse, the old war song will sound in the heart of every Mongolian herder...
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