From ancient times to the present, human beings have been constantly exploring the mysteries of the world. In ancient times, due to the lack of human technology, the ancients always believed that the earth was the only world, and believed that the sun and the moon were rotating around the earth. Later, with the development of human science and technology, scientists have now been able to go out of the earth to explore the universe. After human beings walked out of the earth, they knew that the earth was not the only world. The earth was just a planet in the solar system. In the solar system, there are eight planets, all of which are rotating around the sun steadily. According to scientists' research, we can know that the sun is a star, which has been continuously releasing heat since its birth, and has been burning for 5 billion years.
Seeing this, many friends may have a question, which is why the sun can burn for so long? First of all, the sun has a very large mass, so there is a lot of energy inside the sun, and the combustion of the sun is different from the combustion on our earth. Rather than saying that the sun is burning, it is better to say that it is the reaction of nuclear fusion inside the sun. The so-called fusion reaction refers to the collision of atomic nuclei in certain conditions. During the collision of these nuclei, new nuclei will be generated, and part of the energy will be lost. This part of the lost energy will be converted into energy and released, and then absorbed by other celestial bodies. After research, scientists found that the temperature inside the sun is as high as 15 million degrees Celsius.
In this high-temperature area, the sun will convert hydrogen nuclear fusion into helium elements and release huge energy. Generally speaking, the 4 hydrogen atoms nuclei of the sun inside the sun fusion into one helium atom , of which the mass will be lost by 0.0276 units, equivalent to a gram of hydrogen loss of 0.0069 grams. The mass of these loss will be converted into energy and released. The earth receives about one-second solar energy per second. Don’t underestimate this 2.2 billionth of energy. This 2.2 billionth of energy is equivalent to the sum of the energy burned by 1 million tons of coal on the earth. Therefore, the sun’s energy is inexhaustible for humans.
In addition, the sun will release solar storm from time to time. According to scientists' research, as early as 1859, solar storm once came to the earth. At that time, humans saw unprecedented aurora, and the scene was very spectacular. Later, with the development of human science and technology, humans realized that it was caused by solar flare . This event was called the Carrington event . After research, scientists found that solar flares appeared more and more times. In just two weeks, the sun had 36 coronal matter ejections, and 14 sunspots and 6 flares .
Seeing this, many people may have a question, which is what are sunspots and flares? Sunspots are actually relatively dark areas on the surface of the sun because they are colder than other parts of the sun's surface. However, their temperature is also around 3600 degrees Celsius. Sunspots appear on the photosphere layer, which is an area with relatively low temperature on the surface of photosphere . The solar flare occurs in the chromosphere layer, which is a violent explosion phenomenon suddenly appears in the chromosphere layer. It can release a large amount of energy in a short time, causing instantaneous heating of local areas, emit various electromagnetic radiation outward, and suddenly increase with particle radiation.
According to the National Space Administration's forecast, the solar cycle is about 11 years, and the sun is currently in its 25th solar cycle. Scientists are expected to reach its peak in 2025. Starting from 2020, scientists have found that the activity level of the sun has increased significantly and is expected to reach its peak this year. The power of sunspots and flares is very powerful. Solar flares can release 6*1025 joules of huge energy, which is equivalent to 25,000 times the energy of Comet Levitra 9 hitting Jupiter . Scientists have found that the solar storm will reach its peak in 2023, and then humans may personally experience the sense of déjà vu. Moreover, through research, scientists have found that in another billion years, the sun will release 10% more heat than it is now.
Many people believe that the sun has only 1 billion years left for humans. After 1 billion years, the brightness of the sun will increase by 10%, which makes the sun's temperature continue to rise. The earth is currently in a habitable area of the solar system. If the temperature on the earth rises again, then the organisms on the earth will be scalded to death by high temperatures, and water is the source of life. As the temperature rises, the water resources on the earth may evaporate by the sun's heat. Therefore, many people believe that the sun has only 1 billion years left for humans. But this is all about 1 billion years later, and it is still a very long distance away from humans. At present, what humans are most worried about is the solar storm.
Although solar storms have a certain impact on the earth, the earth has a powerful magnetic field, which allows the earth's organisms to survive smoothly. Scientists believe that Earth's magnetic field can firmly grasp the atmosphere and not be blown away by solar wind . The atmosphere can protect the life of the earth. If there is no atmosphere, then the organisms on the earth will be directly illuminated by the sunlight, which will cause a large number of earth's organisms to die, and the atmosphere can withstand the radiation and ultraviolet rays in the universe, so the organisms on the earth can survive for a long time. Scientists believe that the reason why Mars has no life is because Mars has no magnetic field, so the atmosphere of Mars is blown away by the solar wind, which makes Mars a barren planet.
According to scientists' calculations, we can know that the energy released by solar flares is equivalent to the total energy of 100,000 to 1 million strong volcanic eruptions, which is equivalent to the explosion of tens of billions of 10 tons of hydrogen bombs. Generally speaking, a flare outbreak can release huge energy within 10 minutes. Science and speculation that when solar flares erupt, it will not only seriously jeopardize the safety of astronauts and instruments in spacecraft, but radio communications, especially short-wave communications, as well as television stations, radio station broadcasts, etc. will also be disturbed or even interrupted. Moreover, when the sun erupts, aurora will be generated and interferes with the earth's magnetic field, causing magnetic storm. In 1989, the violent coronal material ejection triggered a very strong geomagnetic storm, causing the power grid of Quebec, Canada, to be completely paralyzed within 90 seconds. Directly causing $500 million in economic losses.
So many people believe that the super solar storm in 2023 is an unprecedented test for human beings. In the history of life on earth, there have been five major biological extinctions in total. However, each biological extinction is a choice for organisms. Survival of the fittest is the law of nature. Human beings are the wisest life on earth. Human beings are constantly improving. With the development of human science and technology in the future, maybe we can unlock more mysteries. Do you have anything to say about this?
