People all know that birds can fly freely in the sky, but few people know that squids in the sea can also "fly". In the early 1890s, someone witnessed "flying" squids. Marine Biology scientist Odo has confirmed through decades of observation that squids can indeed fly on the sea surface for a period of time. He is also the first scientist to observe squids flying in experiments. To be precise, the flying squids were actually gliding in the air close to the sea. In 1970, he put a group of squids into the sea pool in the laboratory to observe the habits of squids. The next day, he found several dehydrated squids outside the pool. How did these squids come outside the pool?
In order to prevent such a thing from happening again, the staff lowered the water level in the pool by 1 meter. After turning off the lights, they observed through the monitoring equipment whether the squid would escape from the pool again. As expected, when the lights went out, the pool began to rush up, and the squids began to jump out of the water and shot out into the air, like a fighter taking off. Most of the squids ended up jumping back to the pool safely, and a few fell outside the pool. When Odo returned to the laboratory and turned on the light, the squids stopped moving. As he learned more about the squids, Odo discovered that squids could not only push themselves into the air, but also glide for a long distance above the sea. However, squids are random and are difficult to observe when flying at sea, so research on this aspect is extremely difficult. Since the first record of squids being able to fly in the early 1890s, scientists have only observed more than 10 squid flying events in more than 130 years.
When flying, squids will use their fins as the "wings" at the front of the body, twist the squids into the shape of a fan to form the "wings" in the back half. 12 years ago, Japanese scientists took photos of squid flying in the waters near Japan, which clearly showed how they flew. The two pairs of "wings" in front and back can provide power for squids to fly, and some squids can glide for more than 10 meters. In the mid-1970s, when Norwegian explorer Thor crossed the Pacific Ocean on an raft, he witnessed a squid gliding for at least 50 meters before falling into the sea. Odo realized that squids can control their bodies freely when flying in the air, which may be because squids swim in the same way in the sea, and flight is just an extension of squid swimming behavior.
Friends who know about octopus know that this kind of creature is magical! It has many strange physiological characteristics, so strange that it doesn’t look like an earthly creature! So many people believe that this animal is an alien creature that came to Earth, and a recent study found that this inference may be of some credibility. Octopus is the common name for 252 species of 252 species of marine mollusks in the family Octopus family. Similar mollusks are often called squids, octopus, squids, cuttlefish, etc. In fact, they are slightly different. The octopus family is the largest family of mollusks, cephalopods, and contains four subfamilies. This type of animal is almost all over the earth's oceans, including the deep seas thousands of meters deep, and they are also found in freshwater waters in some places.
Let’s first look at how magical the animal is. First of all, the body structure of this mollusk is very strange. Its eight legs seem to have a control system, but each can act independently without interfering with each other. Research has found that octopus has 9 brains, 1 main brain and 8 attached brains (also called auxiliary brains). The main brain determines the consciousness and behavior of the octopus. Attached brains can control the brachiopogonia. How to achieve coordination is still a mystery. Biologists also found that its wrist foot has 400 million neurons, which is far more flexible than the limbs of other animals. The male octopus also has a wrist foot for use as a reproductive organ. This " stem wrist " can be inserted into the female octopus' coat cavity to mate with it.
The bodies of some octopus can also deform and discolor at will. They are one of the few organisms on the earth with true mimicry abilities. Their body surface is distributed with special pigment cells . By controlling these cells, octopus can present various colors, some of which can glow, and can also make the body bulge at will, turning into the shape and color of a certain object, such as turning into corals, rocks, jellyfish, anemones, sea snakes, certain fish, etc., and can become the same color as the sand or seawater under the sea. It is no exaggeration to say that it is an animal with the ability of "72 changes".
is different from most animals with only one heart. Octopus has 3 hearts. The main heart is responsible for supplying blood to the whole body. The other two hearts provide blood to the cheeks. Biologists also found that octopus also has two memory systems. Not only can the brain remember it, but the wrist-foot suction cup can also be used. It can basically remember the objects it touches. Put it in the maze and it can pass through almost without interference. In addition, people have also found that octopus has up to 33,000 genome pairs, while humans have more than 20,000. The number of octopus genes is 5 to 6 times that of other common invertebrates,
, and octopus has hundreds of genes that other molluscs and even all invertebrates do not have. What's even more amazing is that scientists discovered that octopuses have the ability to modify their genes, which is not nonsense. Scientists have published a related paper in the authoritative journal "Cell", saying that octopuses can control the instructions in DNA, and modifying RNA prompts the protein to change the octopuses to adapt to the environment by changing their cell functions! As for the octopus' bottle cap to escape, and successfully predicting the results of football matches, there are more magical events, and some of them cannot even be done by humans. In addition, the octopus' strange appearance, all the performances show that the octopus is really not like the earth's creatures, and no wonder some people always say that it is an alien creature!
fake. Octopus is a serious old resident of the earth. You can just take an octopus cell, take a microscope, or analyze mitochondrial and aquaporin , which are both extremely mediocre. In 2015, a study [1] showed that the octopus genome contains about 33,000 genes [2], which is 5 to 6 times the size of common invertebrates, and the hundreds of genes in octopus are not available to other molluscs and even all invertebrates (you can imagine what the extra genes are like at this step: the essence of a living organism is a repeater).
Researchers lamented that "octopus is like an alien creature", and this expression was not received by hot [3], so it needs to be vigorously rendered by several media that are shocking to attract attention. It is meaningless to have more genes than humans or have more base pairs and base pairs than humans: Echikata has the longest genome in known organisms, with about 149 billion base pairs, but no specificity of this plant in intelligence or viability is found. Octopus has 168 procadherin genes, a protein that regulates neuronal development and their short-distance interactions, and is related to a large number of neurons in the octopus' brachiofoot (tenta). This type of protein also exists in you, but there are fewer types -
This is of course, you do not have semi-independent tentacles, your nervous system is mainly concentrated in the brain and spinal cord, and the intestines that do not require the operation of eight complex muscles and senses. Although the performance of octopus wrist foot is impressive, it is far inferior to the powerful grasping and throwing ability of human limbs. The tough fish that preys on octopus in nature can easily bite off every wrist foot of octopus continuously. Humans began to launch the Holocene mass extinction as early as the age of holding wooden sticks and stones. Two-thirds of the nerve cells in the octopus' body are placed in the nerve bundles in the tentacles, rather than in the "brain" of the head, and their contribution to learning is limited.Scientific research has shown that the complex body movements of octopus do not map to the cerebral cortex in position like vertebrates [4]. They cannot grasp the effect of their body movements by touch, and their tactile sense will not even form a three-dimensional positioning of objects in their perception (this can run contrary to the appearance of their flexible multi-tenite creatures), which causes the proprioception of octopus [5] to be very poor [6].
needs to see the movement of their tentacles through the naked eye to figure out their specific actions [7]. The C2H2 zinc finger protein transcription factor family has important biological functions in eukaryotes, and such genes in octopus are also huge in scale. Octopus' cognition of the outside world can develop to the level of a five-year-old human child, but no visual self-cognition ability is discovered and it is likely that it does not have self-awareness. Octopus lifespan is too short and lacks intergenerational communication. Lifestyles usually lack group interaction [8]. Even if there is inheritance of acquired traits based on RNA, offspring still need to re-learn complex problems, and the information inheritance efficiency is low. In fact, cephalopod does not rely on the extra repetitive DNA fragments, but instead uses RNA to edit to improve the adaptability to the surrounding environment during the individual's survival time. Squid is very similar to octopus in this regard.
At the end of January this year, Keith Bavostok, a biology researcher from East Finland University, re-examined and commented on the paper. He clearly mentioned that there is indeed a lot of evidence in the paper that shows its rationality, and the conjecture that the octopus is a "outsider" is not impossible. In fact, this kind of life on Earth was proposed as early as the 1970s. Biologists supporting this theory believe that there are many living planets in in the universe, and life is also common in Milky Way . Earth organisms did not evolve independently on Earth, but came from other planets. Bacteria, viruses, microorganisms from outer space, and even eukaryotic cells and fertilized eggs from large organisms may come to Earth on the "free ride" of small celestial bodies such as comets and asteroids. Since the earth has maintained an ecological stable environment for billions of years, life has steadily developed here for billions of years, and has evolved into a diverse biological world.
In addition, scientists have discovered problems from the genome structure of octopus, believing that the genes of octopus had undergone major changes about 500 million years ago, or that the evolutionary speed has accelerated significantly. Some biologists attribute this phenomenon to the "retroviral rain" falling from the sky. This virus is believed to come from outer space. After contacting the living species on Earth, it adds new DNA sequences to the genomes of some living species, further promoting the gene mutagenesis of these species. Octopus is likely a species that is fortunate to be "favored" by this virus. However, to prove whether an event is valid, there is sufficient evidence. You cannot say anything empty-handedly. Although octopus has many magical characteristics, it is basically in line with the process of life development on Earth from the perspective of the genome. Whether the statement about whether octopus is an alien creature and whether it has been changed by alien creatures has been valid requires further research and verification.
