The laws of physics tell us that black holes are the end point of life, and any living body will no longer exist when it falls into a black hole. But in fact, black holes are the starting point of life. If there were no black holes, life might not have appeared.
black hole: galaxy manager
In the center of the galaxy, we can usually find super-large black holes with a mass of millions of times or even heavier, such as the black hole "Sagittarius A*" in the center of Milky Way galaxy, which is more than 4 million times that of sun. The sun has strong gravity, and the eight planets orbit around it under the influence of the sun's gravity, forming a stable solar system. The gravity of Sagittarius A*, which has such a huge mass, is much greater than that of the sun. It attracts not planets, but galaxies composed of many stars.
A huge galaxy structure will slowly form around the black hole, and the Milky Way is formed under the gravity of Sagittarius A*. The black hole in the center of the galaxy has also become the key to maintaining the stability of the entire galaxy. Under its powerful gravitational force, the major galaxies, including the stellar system, , can maintain stable operation.
The situation in the Milky Way is the same. All stellar systems, including the solar system, orbit Sagittarius A*. As long as this black hole remains stable, the Milky Way and even the solar system can exist continuously and stably, providing soil for the birth of life. The reason why life on Earth is due to the fact that the solar system is indeed a "fertile soil", because Sagittarius A* is a "gentle" black hole.
The huge gravity of the black hole will attract all the surrounding matter, which gather around the black hole and rotate rapidly to form a disc-like structure - accretion disk . The accretion disk continuously radiates electromagnetic waves such as X-rays and ultraviolet rays to the outside. The greater the gravitational force of the black hole, the greater the energy emitted by the accretion disk. Fortunately, Sagittarius A* has been very "quiet" for many years, and the brightness of the accretion disc does not match its mass and gravity. It is precisely because Sagittarius A* that life on Earth has gained a long time to evolve and survive.
Black Hole: The shaper of the planet
The stable existence of the star system is not enough. Life cannot live in high-temperature stars, but can only live on planets with appropriate distances from the stars. This condition is also prepared for life.
Scientists have observed that black holes have at least two ways to shape solid-state planets. The first type is "gathering sand into a tower". While the accretion disk radiates huge energy, it also "spouts" many heavy elements. The substance in the accretion disk will generate a directionally stable magnetic field during rapid rotation. The substances attracted by the magnetic field will attract or repel each other. Some substances are sucked into the black hole; some substances are ejected out of the black hole, including heavy elements such as silicate , graphite and nickel iron . These heavy elements are the raw materials that make up the planet. The matter ejected from the black hole drifts further and further away. As the temperature drops, these matter gradually condenses, and planets, large or small, gradually "pile" out.
Quasar was knocked out of the black hole
The second type is "breaking into a butterfly". The black hole can take off the "coon" of the giant gas planet and make it become a solid-state planet similar to the earth. In this way, the possibility of planets raising life is greatly improved. Astronomers at the Harvard Smithson Center for Astrophysics in the United States have analyzed Sagittarius A*. They believe that the reason why there are many solid-state planets near the center of the Milky Way is because of the influence of Sagittarius A*. However, planets that are too close to black holes suffer particularly strong radiation. Moreover, because the stars near the black holes are very densely distributed, these planets will be disturbed by the gravitational force of the stars and may even be thrown out of the habitable zone, so the -type terrestrial planets here cannot have life. However, as long as you stay away from the influence of these supermassive black holes, life may take root and sprout on such planets.
Black hole: The fosterer of life
It is not enough to have planets. The universe environment is not necessarily suitable for living organisms to survive. Black holes create a more suitable environment for life.
When the universe was just born, it was much smaller than today's size, and the entire space was filled with cosmic rays that were enough to destroy the basic elements required for DNA and other life. All stars and planets could not escape the attack of the rays. The emergence of black holes reversed this situation. As black holes continue to grow, they swallowed up some of the cosmic rays, weakening the cosmic rays that threaten DNA molecule , thus providing opportunities for life formation and evolution.
black hole not only clears obstacles for the emergence of life, but also provides raw materials for the emergence of life. It took about 380,000 years after the birth of the universe before the temperature cooled to the point where protons and electrons were enough to form hydrogen atoms . In the next hundreds of millions of years, hydrogen atoms and their composed helium atoms gradually aggregated to form stars and galaxies. nuclear reactions continue to occur in high temperature and high pressure stars, generating heavier atoms . When the energy in the star is exhausted, it collapses into a black hole. After the black hole is formed, it will absorb surrounding stars and continue to grow, which may form a supermassive black hole with millions of sun mass. During this process, various atoms and matter of the star are concentrated in the black hole. Once a major event occurs in the black hole, such as two black holes colliding, these matter will be propagated to a very distant place.
black hole "manages" many galaxies
In 2019, astronomers observed a black hole "collision". After the accident, part of the black hole, the quasar, was knocked out. Quasars are the brightest type of celestial bodies in the universe formed by supermassive black holes that swallow a large amount of matter and the accretion disk shines and heats. They carry a large amount of matter and energy. In this crash, scientists observed that the light of the quasar flew over 35 days and reached the observation range of humans on Earth; after another 40 days, it left the observation range of humans and flew to other corners of the universe. Throughout the process, quasars constantly radiate energy and erupt matter outward. If these matters are received by an asteroid in the habitable belt, it may not take long before new life will sprout there. And 4.6 billion years ago, did the germination of life on Earth come from black holes?
