[Source: Weather Network] Weather Network News: Recently, extreme hot weather has occurred in many places in southern my country. In some places, the temperature exceeds 40°C almost every day. It is so hot that you doubt your life. In hot weather, heat stroke prevention measures

[Source: Weather Network]

Weather Network News, recently, extreme high temperatures have occurred in many places in southern my country. In some places, the temperature exceeds 40°C almost every day. It is so hot that you doubt life. In hot weather, heat stroke prevention measures must be taken, especially for outdoor workers. Try not to work under high temperature exposure, otherwise it will easily lead to heatstroke. According to doctors, the mortality rate from heat stroke can reach up to 80%! So, what are the specific symptoms of heat stroke? Let’s find out together.

The mortality rate of heat stroke can reach up to 80%

High temperature prevention of heat stroke

According to doctors, the mortality rate of heat stroke can reach 70%-80%. The main manifestation is high body temperature, usually the core temperature will exceed 40 degrees, and unconsciousness, syncope, hallucinations, and even convulsions may occur.

What are the symptoms of heat stroke?

Heat stroke is a fatal emergency characterized by high temperature and impaired consciousness. Headache, dizziness and fatigue are often present before the onset of symptoms. The organs affected early on are the brain, liver, kidneys and heart. According to the patient's state and pathogenesis at the time of onset, it is clinically divided into two types: exertional and non-exertional (or typical) heat stroke. Exertion is mainly due to excessive endogenous heat production in high temperature environments; non-exertion is mainly due to reduced heat dissipation caused by dysfunction of body temperature regulation in high temperature environments.

1. Exertional heat stroke

often occurs when heavy physical labor or strenuous sports are performed in high temperature, high humidity and calm weather. Most of the patients are young people who are usually healthy. They develop the disease after engaging in heavy physical labor or strenuous exercise for several hours. About 50% of the patients sweat profusely, with heart rates up to 160 to 180 beats/minute, and pulse pressure increases. Such patients may develop rhabdomyolysis, acute renal failure , liver failure , disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) or multiple organ failure , and have a higher mortality rate.

2. Non-exertional heat stroke

is more common in elderly and frail residents in cities with crowded living conditions and poor ventilation in high temperature environments. Other high-risk groups include schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease, chronic alcoholism, and hemiplegia or paraplegia. The skin is dry, hot and red, with 84% to 100% of cases showing no sweating. The rectal temperature is often above 41°C and can reach a maximum of 46.5°C. Abnormal behavior or seizures may occur at the beginning of the disease, followed by delirium, coma, and symmetrical miosis. In severe cases, hypotension, shock, arrhythmia, heart failure, and pulmonary edema may occur. and cerebral edema . About 5% of cases develop acute renal failure, which may include mild or moderate DIC, and death often occurs about 24 hours after onset.

Treatment:

Treatment of heat stroke

Patients should quickly move to a cool and ventilated place to rest, and drink cold salt water and other drinks to replenish the loss of salt and water. Those with peripheral circulatory failure should intravenously replenish normal saline, glucose solution and potassium chloride . Heat stroke patients have a serious prognosis and a high mortality rate. Survivors may be left with permanent brain damage, so active rescue is required.

1, external cooling

aims to quickly reduce deep body temperature. Take off the patient's clothes, blow cool air and spray cold water or wrap the whole body with cool wet sheets. Ice water immersion treatment is no longer recommended because of the high complications of hypotension and chills. However, if other methods fail to cool down, this method can also be considered, but at this time it is necessary to monitor the deep body temperature. Once it is lower than 38.5°C, ice water cooling needs to be stopped to prevent hypothermia .

2. If internal cooling is ineffective

If external cooling is ineffective, use iced saline for gastric or rectal lavage. You can also use sterile saline for peritoneal lavage or hemodialysis , or autologous blood can be cooled outside the body and then reinfused into the body for cooling.

3. Drug cooling

Chlorpromazine has the function of regulating the body temperature center, dilating blood vessels, relaxing muscles and reducing oxygen consumption. When patients experience chills, intravenous infusion of chlorpromazine can be used, and blood pressure should be monitored at the same time.

4. Symptomatic treatment

Comatose patients are prone to pulmonary infection and pressure ulcers, and must strengthen care; provide necessary heat and nutrients to promote patient recovery, keep the respiratory tract open, and provide oxygen; actively correct water and electrolyte imbalance , to maintain acid-base balance; the rehydration rate should not be too fast to avoid triggering heart failure, and rapid-acting digitalis preparations should be used to prevent heart failure; use vasopressors to correct shock; mannitol dehydration can prevent and treat cerebral edema. Hormones have a certain effect in treating pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, etc., but excessive dosage can easily lead to infection, and corresponding treatment measures must be taken to target various complications.

Six-step treatment method:

Heat stroke

Get out of the hot environment immediately. If you find that your comrade is staggering or has fallen down while running, you should immediately help him or her to the shade of a tree and take off his equipment and outer clothing to facilitate heat dissipation. At the same time, call loudly to assess the state of consciousness.

Use water and ice to cool down the whole body. Soak the patient's body parts except the head in a bathtub at about 20 degrees Celsius. This method cools down quickly and effectively. You can also wipe the whole body with a towel soaked in ice water, and place ice cubes under the patient's armpits and thighs at the same time, or place the patient on an ice bed, wear an ice cap or ice collar on the head, and wipe the whole body with an ice towel.

measures core body temperature, heart rate, and blood pressure. The ear temperature measured with ear thermometer is the core body temperature; use a finger pulse oximeter clamped on the finger to measure heart rate and finger pulse oxygen saturation to understand the heart and lung conditions; use sphygmomanometer to measure blood pressure to understand body fluids Degree of loss.

establishes the intravenous infusion channel. After health personnel arrive, they should immediately establish intravenous infusion channels. Depending on the condition, two intravenous infusion channels can be established to quickly input Ringer's solution , physiological saline, sugar saline, etc.

airway protection and oxygen therapy . If the pulse oxygen saturation is less than 95%, oxygen should be administered through a nasal cannula. If the patient is in a coma, his head should be turned to one side to prevent suffocation caused by foreign objects in the mouth. Once vomiting occurs, oral secretions should be removed immediately to ensure smooth airway.

controls twitch. If the patient suddenly convulses, diazepam injection (10 to 20 mg intramuscular injection or 5 to 10 mg intravenous injection) should be given immediately. After the injection, pay attention to the patient's breathing and monitor the finger pulse oxygen saturation. If respiratory depression occurs and finger pulse oxygen saturation drops, a simple respirator can be used to assist breathing. When pressing an agitated patient, do not press large joints to avoid fractures, dislocations, and muscle injuries.

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