Freud has a huge impact on psychology, so whenever psychology is mentioned, the first person that comes to mind is . Usually, our understanding of him is that he is the founder of psychoanalytic school , emphasizing subconsciousness and sexual instincts, and focusing on the analysis of dreams. But many people don’t know that his influence in is not limited to psychology, but also Freud’s traces of in the fields of education, philosophy, anthropology, , literature and art, ethics, etc.
Sigmund Freud , Austrian psychiatrist, psychologist, founder of the psychoanalytic school . Before studying psychoanalysis , he worked as a physician at Vienna General Hospital, engaged in brain anatomy and pathology studies . Later, when he was studying in Paris, he studied with Shake (the greatest neurologist in the world at that time) and turned into a psychopathologist. During the case study, he discovered that he learned the effects of hypnosis and catharsis therapy and tried to learn hypnosis in .
0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 However, during the learning process, he found that the effect of hypnosis therapy was limited to , and not all patients could accept hypnosis. In the end, Freud gave up hypnosis and turned to free association . However, among various psychoanalysis techniques, there are also some shadows of hypnosis . Of course, later people believed that there were three reasons why Freud gave up hypnosis: 1. Some people cannot be hypnotized 2. Freud himself is not familiar with hypnosis; 3. Patients are prone to sexual dependence on hypnologists .
Freud and Bloyer will write the results of jointly studying hysteria into the book "Hysteria Research" . The publication of this book laid the theoretical foundation for the establishment of of Freud psychoanalysis . Later, his psychoanalysis theory began to grow and grow, and he also had other works such as "The Analysis of the Dream of " .
Freud's research on dreams was initially conducted by to self-analyze himself . While using free association to treat mental illness, he also paid attention to the relationship between the patient's dreams and illness. Later, before the publication of "Dream Analysis" by , functionalist psychologist James also promoted Freud in the United States . Another source of analysis of dreams is that when Freud was a child, he liked to write down the dreams he had done.
traces childhood experience is also a point put forward by Freud. childhood experience will affect the individual's future development , so he proposed the theory of five stages of personality development, including lip period , anal period, genital period, incubation period, adolescence , and also proposed Oedipus complex , etc. Some psychological problems and behaviors that occur during adulthood are because fixed in these stages. However, these theories that emphasize "sex" overemphasized by have also been criticized by many people. Of course, his two disciples Jung and Adler do not agree with this view very much.
Freud's two disciples' "rebellion" was probably his pain point. After all, the two dedicated disciples eventually refused to become their successors, and split due to different opinions. Compared with Freud, Jung emphasized that people have lofty ambitions , and its theory is more mysterious. Adler emphasized 's childhood experience and individual inferiority complex , becoming a pioneer of humanism . However, many of the theories of these two disciples still have the mark of psychoanalysis.
Although psychology has a lot of controversy over Freud, people have to deny his influence on psychology and even human development in . American psychologist Naihei said: " If a person's greatness can be measured by his influence on later generations, then Freud is undoubtedly the greatest psychologist ." He is known as a giant of epoch-making significance in the history of human self-cognition, together with Copernicus and Darwin.
Reference for this article:
号号《History of Psychology》
月号1月号》《Let's laugh! Psychology "Here is God"
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