text | Historical Detective Agency A
Edit | Historical Detective Agency A
His life is like a modern history of our country, from the romantic and elegant four great princes of the Republic of my country, to the young marshal who commanded the 400,000 troops in the Northeast, to the people who were cursed by the people as "not resisting generals", but in the end, he was imprisoned by Chiang Kai-shek for 54 years for national justice. He is Zhang Xueliang, deputy commander of the Northwest Suppression Headquarters.
In 1990, Zhang Xueliang regained his freedom. Although he was already a 90-year-old man at that time, he still attracted much attention from domestic and foreign media. In an interview, a reporter asked boldly: "Who is the person you admire the most in your life?"
Zhang Xueliang said that he has come into contact with countless celebrity leaders in his life. If you want to talk about the people you admire the most, they are these three...
So who are the three people Zhang Xueliang mentioned? Why can these three people make him admire them so much?
01
Zhang Xueliang launched the " Xi'an Incident "
1931, September 18th Incident broke out. As the head of the Northeast, Zhang Xueliang implemented the policy of "not resisting" by Chiang Kai-shek and handed over the great rivers and mountains of Northeast my country to Japan. He also brought the infamy of "non-resistance general".
However, just five years later, Zhang Xueliang, who was in the same sympathy as Chiang Kai-shek, immediately expressed his firm opposition when facing the plan to wipe out the Red Army proposed by Chiang Kai-shek.
and expressed his own views to Chiang Kai-shek. Under the current severe situation, the most important thing is to stop the civil war, unite all forces, unite in anti-Japanese war, and drive the invaders out of our country. But Lao Chiang, who was determined to wipe out our army, turned a deaf ear to Zhang Xueliang's suggestions and threatened Zhang Xueliang to undermine his power.
In December 1936, for the sake of thousands of people who were murdered by the Japanese army, Zhang Xueliang launched the "Xi'an Incident" and threatened Chiang Kai-shek to resist Japan with force.
It was this military admonition that promoted the second cooperation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party and became an important turning point for our country to move from the previous civil war to the national war of resistance against Japan.
02
In 1990, Zhang Xueliang was released
After Chiang Kai-shek agreed to the treaty between the United Communist Party of China, Zhang Xueliang ignored the advice of the people around him and insisted on escorting Chiang back in person.
But what he never expected was that his gift brought him a 54-year prison sentence.
On the way back to Nanjing on December 25, he kept telling Chiang that everything was for the country and the people and that he had no intention of rebellion.
But he seemed to have forgotten that Lao Jiang, who was "little" in his heart, would not be moved by his "showing sincerity". So when Chiang Kai-shek arrived in Nanjing, the first thing he did was to order Zhang Xueliang to be imprisoned.
In 1990, Zhang Xueliang, who was already 90 years old, finally regained his freedom.
After this 54-year imprisonment life, the once energetic " Northeast King " has also become an octogenarian who needs help from others. After
, he went to the United States to settle down with his wife.
Between this, he had been interviewed by the media. When talking about the people he admired the most, he was silent for a long time after hearing this, and then said that there were three people he admired the most in his life.
03
father Zhang Zuolin
first is his father Zhang Zuolin. can be said that in the heart of every child, father is an eternal hero. The sentence is also applicable to Zhang Xueliang.
Zhang Zuolin started from scratch, from an ordinary person from a poor family, struggling all the way to the later Grand Marshal of the Navy, Land and Air, and at its peak, he became the supreme leader of the Republic of China.
, and Zhang Zuolin has become the "King of Northeast China" step by step, which is inseparable from his two major abilities. One is his superb equestrian, and the other is his precise shooting skills.
In the Northeast at that time, two major forces coexisted, one was Zhang Zuolin, and the other was also a well-known local leader. The two often start fighting whenever they disagree. It can be said that the enemy is particularly jealous when they meet.
But because of the similar forces between the two sides, they failed to distinguish the best in many competitions.So Zhang Zuolin suggested that his brothers should rest and let us fight alone. The two agreed to draw their guns and shoot at the same time. Whoever survived in the end will take over the other party's troops and become the boss.
Finally, Zhang Zuolin used his fast and accurate shooting skills to kill the opponent with one blow the other when the opponent just took out the robbery. It was this competition that allowed him to gain a firm foothold in the Northeast.
04
The father of Zhang Zuolin, who is talented but not stubborn,
. In addition to these external "hard power", Zhang Zuolin's "soft power" is also quite good.
He relies on his superb social means to get along with each other, constantly wandering among Japan and Russia to seek benefits to develop the military and industry in the Northeast.
This is exactly what Zhang Xueliang admires most about his father.
He once said that his father was much better than him, especially when dealing with the Japanese, he used both soft and hard, and was not fooled by the Japanese, but could also get what he wanted from them.
But Zhang Xueliang is still very rational in his evaluation of his father.
He once objectively proposed that as his superior, his father can be described as "having talent but not having a general idea".
And the reason why he evaluated his father in this way is that although his father is talented and has outstanding military capabilities, he started from scratch and became the king of Northeast China.
But he was too ambitious and focused on a "fair reputation". When he was unpopular, he fought to be the "Major Marshal of the Navy and Army" and put himself in a dangerous situation. And this is exactly why Zhang Xueliang said that his father had no general idea.
05
Premier Zhou with "deep friendship"
The second person Zhang Xueliang admired is our most beloved Premier Zhou.
The two of them, one is the central leader of our party, and the other is the young marshal of the National Army. It can be said that the two had completely different positions and directions before. But all this changed since the two met.
In April 1936, Zhang Xueliang fought with our army in Yan'an under the order of Chiang Kai-shek, but was defeated by our army and successfully defeated his two divisions.
He immediately sent a telegram to Lao Jiang to report the situation. Lao Jiang directly rejected his funding request, and he was unwilling to give even the pension. In his reply, he said that it would be better to ban these two divisions.
Our army not only treated the prisoners preferentially, but also took the initiative to release them. And expressed that he was willing to jointly establish the " Anti-Japanese National United Front ". Zhang Xueliang also agreed to negotiate with our army. On the day of
9, Zhang Xueliang walked into a church in Yan'an, where he met Premier Zhou for the first time.
During the conversation between the two, Premier Zhou found that Zhang Xueliang seemed a little nervous. In order to relieve his nervousness, Premier Zhou took the initiative to talk about his experience of living in Northeast China when he was a child.
In the subsequent conversation, they learned that the two of them had just left the same school, and the conversation immediately started.
The two talked about the current situation from their student days to the time, and finally talked about their attitude towards the anti-Japanese war. The two talked for six hours, and Zhang Xueliang was also impressed by Premier Zhou's outstanding talents.
It was during this talk that they successfully reached an oral agreement between the Communist Party of China and the anti-Japanese war, and also laid the foundation for Zhang Xueliang to "force Jiang to resist Japan."
06
The second meeting between Zhang Xueliang and Premier Zhou
December 1936, after urging Chiang to fight against Japan ineffective, Zhang Xueliang launched the "Xi'an Incident".
But after being under house arrest, Zhang Xueliang encountered a problem.
It turned out that he didn't know how to deal with Chiang Kai-shek for a moment, and even how to get Chiang Kai-shek to agree to fight against Japan, he was helpless.
In order to solve this problem, Zhang Xueliang sent a special plane to pick up Premier Zhou to Xi'an.
Regarding the "problem" of Chiang Kai-shek, Premier Zhou first proposed from the overall situation that what our country needs most at present is a united external attitude, so we must do the ideological work of Chiang Kai-shek as soon as possible. As long as he agrees to fight against Japan, he can continue to be his leader.
Secondly, Premier Zhou opposed the others' proposal to eliminate Chiang Kai-shek. Once they were removed, the national army would definitely do their own thing. Once our country fell into internal friction, those Japanese who were eyeing him were the final beneficiaries.
Later, when Zhang Xueliang was about to escort Lao Jiang back in person, Premier Zhou immediately raised objections, but Zhang Xueliang insisted on sending him off. As soon as the plane landed, he was under house arrest by Jiang.
When Premier Zhou learned about Zhang Xueliang's release, he also sent him a letter, including the four words "There will be a period later", representing the friendship between the two.
Zhang Xueliang later said that the person he admired the most in his life was Premier Zhou, and Premier Zhou's heart was filled with the interests of the country and the people.
07
Great leader Chairman Mao
The third person Zhang Xueliang admires the most is our great leader Chairman Mao.
Although Zhang Xueliang said that he admired Chairman Mao, in fact, he had never met Chairman Mao before, he would pay his highest respect every time he mentioned Chairman Mao.
Speaking of Zhang Xueliang, he had never seen Chairman Mao before, in fact, there was a "small episode" in between.
At the meeting with Premier Zhou in April 1936, Zhang Xueliang originally had an appointment with Chairman Mao. Zhang Xueliang was also very excited to think that he would meet Chairman Mao soon. But afterwards, it was finally changed to Premier Zhou for many reasons. It was this "little episode" that allowed Zhang Xueliang and Premier Zhou to establish a profound friendship.
If Zhang Xueliang was impressed by Premier Zhou's personal charm, then he was beaten by Chairman Mao from the beginning.
1935, Zhang Xueliang held a 100,000 army and the most advanced spear and cannon, and launched an attack on our army confidently. Under Chairman Mao's flexible combat command policy, our army relied on Xiaomi and rifles to defeat the three divisions step by step. It was also this battle that he witnessed the excellent military command talents of great men.
Then, an open letter from Chairman Mao pointed out directly that the problem of the Northeast Army led by Zhang Xueliang was hiding, and pointed out the direction for it, that is, to unite the Communist Party to fight against Japan.
Chairman Mao’s letter also made Zhang Xueliang sigh that Chairman Mao had a vision and knowledge.
08
Zhang Xueliang praised Chairman Mao as a natural leader
In addition to the talent of military command and the foresightful and broad-minded pattern, what Zhang Xueliang admires the most is Chairman Mao’s ability to lead troops and control.
In October 1934, in order to get rid of the pursuit of the national army, our army was forced to carry out the Long March. In more than two years, our army followed the great man's leadership, experienced more than 400 battles, and defeated hundreds of regiments of the National Army. This is the greatest miracle in the history of world wars.
Among them, Four Crossings of Chishui was personally directed by Chairman Mao, who "returned" and galloped across Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces within three months, creating a war effect that turned passive into active.
Zhang Xueliang even said in the interview that if he had led the Long March at that time, he would have never been able to do such a feat as Chairman Mao, nor could he have been able to do such a dominant ability as Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao is a natural leader.
Let’s look at the three people Zhang Xueliang admires. His father’s superb social means, Premier Zhou’s outstanding talents and overall situation, Chairman Mao’s lofty situation and super command skills are all unique personal charms that the three of them have.
Zhang Xueliang's life is very controversial. Some people scolded him for not resisting during the September 18th Incident, and some people said that the Xi'an Incident he initiated promoted the formation of the anti-Japanese national united front.
But we have to admit that although he has made mistakes in some strategic policies, he is a Chinese. When the nation was in danger, he bravely stood up to fight against Japan and defended his country, which deserves our respect.
