Why is joint combat the most difficult strategy to implement in war? The key is to include many contents, many fields, and many military services. It is difficult to meet combat requirements according to the type of troops.
Diversified combat forces.
The power composition of joint operations includes the forces of the army, navy, air force, rocket force and other military branches and armed police forces, space forces, strategic information combat and special combat forces, and mobilize local political, economic, scientific, scientific and cultural forces to participate in the war according to the situation. The force composition shows the characteristics of diversity and integration. In addition, the equal relationships shown by the forces of each participating military branch have generally highlighted the diversity of the force structure
Battlefield space multidimensional .
Because the overall status of all military forces in joint combat is equal, the status of the tangible combat spaces in the land, sea and air where each military service is located is equally important. The tangible battlefield must achieve mutual integration, which not only depends on invisible electromagnetic and cyberspace, but also expands the relevant space of combat to space and even the world. For example, although the main battlefield of the Afghan War is limited to 650,000 square kilometers of , the relevant space extends to the United States and covers the world. The US military used the B-2 stealth strategic bomber to take off from the local area for combat, with a range of tens of thousands of kilometers; 89 countries around the world granted airspace overflight to US military aircraft, 76 countries granted US military aircraft landing rights, and 23 countries agreed to accept US military forces: deploy dozens of satellites to support operations in outer space.
Various operations .
Since joint combat is a series of operations jointly implemented by multiple services in multiple fields, a variety of combat types and combat styles will be comprehensively used depending on the situation: there may be attack or defense, and the offensive and defensive operations are frequently converted; there may be air combat and maritime combat, as well as land combat, and even space combat; there may be air combat and anti-aircraft attacks, blockade and anti-blockdown, login and anti-login, maneuver and anti-maneuver, airborne and anti-aircraft operations, as well as information warfare, firepower, special warfare and psychological warfare. If large-scale joint operations are carried out, the various services participating in the war may also launch different types of operations one after another or at the same time, and various types of operations and styles are closely combined and frequently converted. Therefore, joint operations will show a diversity characteristic.
commands collaborative complex .
The combat forces of joint operations are diverse, the battlefield space is multi-dimensional and vast, the combat operations are diverse, and the combat system is complex, making the command and collaboration objects, the content is comprehensive and the scope is wide. At the same time, due to the improvement of information acquisition capabilities and long-range precision strike capabilities, the ability of both sides to discover, destroy the opponent's command organization and destroy the opponent's coordination has been greatly enhanced, and the confrontation around command and coordination has become more intense, and it is more difficult to maintain the uninterrupted and reliable combat command and coordination. Therefore, the command and coordination of joint operations are characterized by complexity.
The guarantee task is arduous .
Joint combat must not only provide support to the combat forces of different services, but also provide support to various types of combat operations in different battlefield fields. In addition, the technical content of weapons and equipment has increased, and the technicality of the security is enhanced. The guarantee content is extensive: the combat consumption is large. For example, in the Gulf War , the US military consumed 390,000 tons of ammunition alone, with an average daily consumption of 2,100 tons, which is 20 times that of the Korean War and 4.6 times that of the Vietnam War; at the same time, the comprehensive support system is often the focus of the opponent's strikes, which is seriously threatened and very fragile. Both sides will strive to destroy the opponent's various support systems, causing the opponent's support to be weak, thus paralyzing the entire combat system. Therefore, the combat support tasks of joint operations will show arduous characteristics
The phased characteristics of joint operations refer to the characteristics presented by comparing joint operations under information conditions with joint operations in the period of mechanization, and looking at the vertical development of joint operations.
The battlefield space moves from multi-dimensional to full-dimensional, full-domain, and full-spectrum .
"Dimension" (variable that expresses spatial orientation), "domain" (domain, scope), and "spectrum" (spectrum, series) are three concepts that describe the information battlefield space. The spatial scope of joint combat under information conditions is "seven-dimensional" (land, sea, air, sky, electricity, network, heart), "three domains" or "four domains" (physical domain, information domain, cognitive domain, social domain), and "full spectrum". The battlefield space is becoming increasingly holistic, unified and indivisible. Especially space, electromagnetic, and computer cyberspace can no longer be divided among the services according to their physical characteristics as before. It is itself public and inseparable. The unified understanding and joint construction of battlefield space have become an indispensable prerequisite for joint combat under information conditions.
combat forces move from collaboration and cooperation to "coupling" and integration of functions.
Joint combat in the era of mechanized warfare, the various military units within the battle are still relatively independent combat systems, and joint operations are achieved through cooperation and cooperation among systems. In joint combat under information conditions, the force integration method is integration, that is, breaking through the traditional division of labor and cooperation methods of various services, pursuing innate joint capabilities in construction, and emphasizing the "coupling" of functions in combat marshalling. The material and technological basis of coupling and fusion is the network. If there is no radio communication, there will be no joint combat in the era of mechanized war. Then it can also be said that without networked information systems, no common battlefield situation charts and general data links, there will be no joint combat under information conditions.
combat operations move from relatively fixed programmatic sequential combat to overall linkage and autonomous adaptation synchronous parallel combat . In the era of mechanized warfare, joint operations have a relatively fixed program, and combat operations are linear, from front to back, from outside to inside, from front to deep, and are successively carried out in a certain order. In the information-based conditions, the operation mode of joint operations is non-linear. Although the combat process still needs to follow a certain order, its fixed procedures have been broken. Within the full depth of unit time and battlefield, at all levels of strategy, campaign and tactics, each service branch will operate simultaneously or successively to form a situation and effect of synchronous and parallel combat. The collaborative organization is also nearly real-time and has autonomous random coordination. For example, the difference between the Iraq War and the Gulf War is that there is no independent air strike stage. As soon as the war was launched, it was basically a joint assault of air-ground integration. It was not a layered breakthrough like peeling onions, but a direct focus on the depth of Baghdad .
combat control moves from extensive, rough to intensive and precise . The command and control of joint operations in the era of mechanized war is still macro, extensive and general due to technical conditions. It mainly focuses on planning coordination. Once the plan is damaged or the battlefield situation changes sharply, it often causes lag in command response or even combat operations to be out of order and out of control. Under the conditions of informationization, joint operations are increasingly characterized by precise operations. Operational operations have moved from extensive to intensive, and combat control has developed from macro, qualitative and planned outline control to intensive control that combines macro and micro, qualitative and quantitative, and planning coordination and near real-time autonomous coordination.
combat level is extended from the battle level to the larger range and higher level .
At the strategic level, it is extended from military operations to a unified action of diversity implemented by the military, the state and other social forces. At the tactical level, it has developed from combat-class joint combat to tactical joint combat. There is a saying that the lower the level of the union, the higher the level of the union. For example, the Israeli army has achieved union at the brigade level, so it is considered that the level of union is the highest. The development of joint combat at the battle level to tactical joint combat, and from joint combat to joint combat, is a significant sign of the improvement of joint level.
