horse, Equus caballus (Linnaeus, 1758), a herbivorous animal of the genus Equarius. Tamed by humans 4,000 years ago. Przewalski's horse (66 chromosomes), horse (64 chromosomes) can hybridize with fertile offspring. In ancient times, horses were the main driving force for agricultural production, transportation and military activities. There are about 200 types of horses around the world. With the development of productivity, the improvement of scientific and technological level, and the invention and widespread application of power machinery, the role played by horses in real life is getting smaller and smaller. Horses are mainly used in equestrian sports and the production of milk meat, and the feeding volume has been greatly reduced. However, in some developing countries and regions, horses are still mainly used for service and are an important source of service.
Horse [herbivorous livestock]
Horse sizes vary greatly in size in different breeds. The heavy breed weighs 1,200 kg and has a height of 200 cm. The so-called pocket horses and ponies are only 60 cm tall.Przewalski'shorse has 66 chromosomes, and domestic horses (64 chromosomes) can cross fertile offspring.
The head face is straight and long, and the ears are short. The limbs are long, the bones are firm, the tendons and ligaments are well developed, and the cicada (commonly known as night eyes) with palm pillow remains, the hooves are hard and can quickly run on hard ground. The coat colors are complex, mostly chestnut, chestnut, green and black; they are removed once in spring and autumn. The sweat glands are well developed, which is conducive to regulating body temperature, not afraid of the severe cold and heat, and is easy to adapt to the new environment. The chest is deep and wide, with a developed heart and lungs, suitable for running and strong labor.
The esophageal stenosis, the monogastric, large intestine, especially the cecum, is abnormally developed, which helps digest and absorb crude feed. No gallbladder, and the bile duct is well developed. The teeth have strong chewing power, and the gap between the incisors and molars is called the receiving part. When loading, the body is placed to allow you to control it. Age can be determined based on the number, shape and wear of the teeth, and the sensitivity of hearing and smell can be determined.
The distance between the two eyes is large, and the overlapping part of the field of view is only 30%, so the judgment of distance is poor; at the same time, the focal adjustment force of the eyes is weak, and only a blurred image can be formed for objects 500 meters away, while for objects at close range, it can well distinguish their shape and color. The head and neck are flexible, and the visual surface of both eyes is 330°~360°. There is a layer of illumination film on the outer layer of the retina of the fundus, which has strong photosensitive power and can also see surrounding objects at night.
horse is easy to train. Through sensory organs such as listening, smelling and sight, a solid memory can be formed. Adults aged 4 to 5 years old, with an average lifespan of 30 to 35 years old, and the maximum can reach more than 60 years old. The service age is 3 to 15 years old, and some can reach 20 years old. [1]
Farabella
Farabella
Farabella is native to Argentina and has been cultivated in the Farabella ranch for more than 150 years. Since 1845, Irish Patrick Newtall used the optimal method to cultivate small horses, and the minimum horse he cultivated reached 102 cm. In 1879, his adopted son Juan Falabeila continued his career, and he chose the smallest British pony to breed offspring. Due to the continuous selection, the height of the horse continued to decrease. In 1927, Julio Cesar Falabella inherited the ranch, and began to preserve genetic archives and sell Falabella horses in small quantities to specific guests, including U.S. President John Kennedy (1963).Dayuan horse
horse
originated from the Dayuan Kingdom, Dayuan is the name of ancient Western Regions countries, in the Ferganna Basin in Central Asia today). According to the "Records of the Grand Historian", the Dayuan horse "is its innate horse". After it sprints at high speed, its shoulder position slowly bulges and sweat like blood flows out, so it is named " sweat-blood BMW ".Sweat-blooded BMWs can reproduce both female and male. However, since my country's local horse breeds have an absolute advantage in number, after introducing horse breeds, they all took the path of "introduction-hybridization-improvement-backcross-disappearance". At the same time, because most war horses are castrated, some sweat-blooded BMWs have lost their ability to reproduce. Various reasons make it difficult to find the traces of sweat-blooded BMW in the country. Turkmenistan also survives thousands of sweat-blooded BMWs.
Mongolian horse
Mongolian horse
Mongolian horse is one of the older horse breeds in China and even the world. It is mainly produced in the Inner Mongolia grasslands and is a typical grassland horse breed. Mongolian horses have a small body size, with an average height of 120 to 142 cm and a weight of 267.7 to 372 kilograms.The body is thick, the limbs are solid and strong, the physique is rough and strong, the head is large and wide, the chest is deep and long, the legs are short, and the joints and tendons are well developed. The coat is thick and the coat color is complex. It is hard-working and not afraid of the cold. It can adapt to extremely extensive feeding management, has strong vitality and can survive in difficult and harsh conditions. It can take about 60 kilometers in one hour. The tamed Mongolian horse is not frightened or deceitful on the battlefield and is extremely brave. It has always been a good military horse.
Kazakhma
Kazakhma
Kazakhma produced in Xinjiang is also a grassland horse breed. Its morphological characteristics are: medium-sized head, elegant, and short ears. The neck is slender, slightly raised, the old armor is tall, the chest pin is narrow, and the hind limbs are often knife-shaped.Today's Ili Kazakh Prefecture area is the Wusun State in the Western Regions of the Han Dynasty. During the Western Han Dynasty two thousand years ago, Emperor Wu of Han sent Zhang Qian three to the Western Regions to find good horses, and the horse he obtained may be the predecessor of the Kazakhs. By the middle of the Tang Dynasty, the Uighurs sold horses to the Tang Dynasty, with as many as 100,000 horses a year. Many of them belong to Kazakhstan. Therefore, most of the horse breeds in northwest China have some blood relationship with Kazakhs[2].
hequma
hequma
hequma is also an ancient and excellent local horse breed in China. It is often used as a tribute gift in history. Originally on the grasslands at the junction of Qinghai, Gansu and Sichuan provinces in the upper reaches of the Yellow River, it is named Hequma because it is located in the winding of the Yellow River. It is the largest excellent horse among the local breeds in China. Its average body height is 132-139 cm and its weight is 350-450 kg.Hequ horse head is slightly larger, with a raised nose bridge slightly showing a rabbit head shape, a wide neck, a straight torso, a deep and wide chest, and a thick body. It has the absolute advantage of using horses. Carrying 100 to 150 kilograms can travel 50 kilometers a day. Hequma has a gentle temperament, a stable temperament, strong endurance, and fast fatigue recovery. Therefore, it is mostly used for service, and a single set of large trucks can pull 500 kilograms of heavy objects. It is a good agricultural use. [3]
Southwest Horse
Southwest Horse
Southwest Horse is distributed in Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and Guangxi. It is characterized by its small body and good at walking on mountain roads. The horse in the southwest has a larger head, a high neck, and a long mane, tail and mane.has good body structure, developed tendons and solid hooves. He is good at climbing mountains and crossing ridges, and can carry more than 100 kilograms of goods, traveling 30 to 40 kilometers a day. He is a mountainous area in the southwest who needs transportation power very much. Among them, the more famous are Sichuan Jianchang Horse, Yunnan Lijiang Horse and Guizhou Horse. [4]
Three Hippopotamus
Three Hippopotamus
Three Hippopotamus is a breed of extremely complex bloodline. In the early 20th century, some Russian aristocrats came to Northeast China and brought Orlov horses and Pichuk horses and other good varieties.The three hippos are taller than the Mongolian horse. They are strong and compact in shape, handsome in appearance, deep and long chest, developed muscles, strong constitution, straight back and waist, strong limbs, and obvious joints. The main colors are horse hair, millet hair and black hair. The average body height is 140-147 cm and the weight is 330-380 kg. The three hippos have a powerful temperament, but they are gentle in nature and resistant to rough feeding, and adapt to the more extensive group herd life. It belongs to the economic type of both the pull-up and ride-through economy. It only takes 1 minute and 10 seconds to run a horse for 1 kilometer. A single horse pulls a rubber wheel truck with a load of more than 500 kilograms and can walk 10 kilometers in half an hour. [5]
Ili horse
Ili horse
Ili horse is based on the Kazakhs in Xinjiang and is a cross between the former Soviet Union's Don hippos, Orlov horses, etc., and is the descendant of the "Tianma". Local herders called it "two strings of horses".The average height of the Yili horse is 144-148 cm and the weight is 400-450 kg. It has a tall body, a well-proportioned structure, a small and smart head, big eyes, a high head and neck, and strong limbs. When its neck is raised, it has a strong power, and its fur is beautiful and its appearance is more handsome and beautiful. The hair color is mainly chestnut, millet and black hair, and there are often white patches called "white chapters" on the limbs and forehead. The Yili horse is gentle and sensitive, good at jumping, and is suitable for mountain roads and plains.
Shandan horse
Shandan horse
Shandan horse is a combination of horse breeds that mainly use carriage. It is produced in Shandan Horse Farm in Gansu, China. It is bred by cross-breeding local horses and Don hippos, and contains only 1/4 of the Don hippo blood. It was identified and named in 1984.Strong constitution, powerful and highly adaptable to high-altitude mountains.is medium-sized and has a slightly oblique neck. The armor is longer, the chest is wide and deep, the back and waist are straight, the waist is shorter, and the buttocks are wider and slightly oblique. The limbs are strong, the joints are strong, the tendons are obvious, the hind limbs are slightly outward, and the hooves are solid. The fur color is mainly horse, followed by black.
Dutch Warm-blooded horse
Dutch Warmblood (KWPN)
If you want to say which breed of horse is becoming popular like a star, it is Dutch Warmblood (KWPN)). This is a new breed. The Netherlands only started to have a ancestry registration book in 1958, but it has now become the most successful, popular and popular equestrian competition and riding horses in the world.Dutch warm-blooded horse can be said to be a new product in the 20th century. It is a warm-blooded horse bred specifically for equestrian competitions. Although this is a breed created by the Dutch, it should actually be considered a European breed, because in addition to the Netherlands, there are also British, Spanish, French and German descent.
pyrbuma
horse [herbivorous livestock]
The hometown of pyrbuma is in the Barbary region of North Africa in ancient times, that is, the current pyrbuma Morocco , Algeria, pyrbuma Libya , Tunisia. Today, there are large breeding farms in Constantine and the Moroccan royal family in Algilia. Tuaregs in remote mountainous areas and deserts should also raise many pyrbu horse types.Pelbu horse is another ancient oriental horse breed that has had a huge impact on various horse breeds over the centuries, helping to cultivate many successful breeds in the world today. Like Arabian horse (Arab), it occupies an undeniable important position in breeding of horses, but it is less well-known and not as famous as Arabian horses. When the pibuma was first brought to Europe, it was often mistaken for an Arabian horse by Europeans because the residents of North Africa were also Muslims and also spoke Arabic.
Przewals Mustang
Przewals Mustang
Przewals1Bronze (scientific name: Equus przewalskii) National first-class protected animal. 66 chromosomes. It is strong, with a length of about 2.8 meters, a height of more than 1 meter, and a weight of about 300 kilograms. The body hair is brown and yellow, gradually turning yellow and white to the abdomen, and there is a dark-brown ridge midline in the center of the waist and back. The mane is short and hard, dark brown, and stands upright, unlike a family horse hanging on both sides of the neck. In terms of proportion, the head is larger and short and blunt, the neck is short and thick, the tail is thick and long, and almost droops to the ground. The tail is in a bunch shape, unlike the domestic horses who have long hair from beginning to end.Because the Platz wild horse lives in an extremely difficult desert Gobi, lacks food, insufficient water, and low temperatures and blizzards. Human hunting and destruction of their habitats have accelerated its demise. In the past century, the distribution area of wild horses has shrunk sharply, the number has dropped sharply, and it is on the verge of extinction in nature. Mongolia The western part of the world caught one in 1947 and was sent to a zoo in Ukraine for feeding. No Przen horses have been found since then.
Horse [herbivorous livestock]
In 1981, the Platts Mustang Protection Foundation began to purchase Platts Mustang, and tried to select wild horses with far-reaching ties to breed. In 1986, the foundation began to cooperate with the Institute of Animal Evolutionary Morphology and Ecology of the Soviet Academy of Sciences, and it is expected that by 1988, it would be possible to jointly study the search for a surviving suitable grassland reserve in the Soviet Union and Mongolia. Finally, a 24,000-acre Hustannulu grassland reserve (formed in 1998) was established in Mongolia, and the first batch of 16 Mongolian wild horses were transported to the reserve for wild stocking in 1992. Due to the smooth progress, the foundation sent 16 Mongolian wild horses to the reserve in two batches in 1994 and 1996. As of January 1, 1998, there were about 60 pamper wild horses in the Hustannulu grassland. It is on this basis that in 2005, the London Zoological Society formally applied to the IUCN to change the protection status of Mongolian wild horses in the IUCN Red List of Endangered Species from the original wild extinction to endangered.On August 14, 1986, the Ministry of Forestry of China and the People's Government of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region formed a special agency to be responsible for the "wilde horse return home" work, and built the largest wild horse breeding and breeding center in Asia covering an area of 9,000 acres on the southern edge of the Junggar Basin and the Jimusar County, Xinjiang. With the transport of 18 wild horses from Britain, the United States, Germany and other countries, the hometown of wild horses ended the history of no wild horses.Reference
. Horse [citation date 2017-04-16]
. Introduction to the breed of Kazakhstan [citation date 2017-04-10]
. Hequma Breed Resource Survey [citation date 2017-04-16]
. Southwest Horse [citation date 2017-04-16]
. Southwest Horse [citation date 2017-04-16]
. Three Hippo [citation date 2017-04-16]
This article was edited by Toutiao Encyclopedia user user 1740969817579, watch a yo-yo, Wanding Xingchen He, riverjin, user 7118191913284.
