Author | [Dan] Thomas Leathers
Integration | Anye
July and August are the season for eating mushrooms every year, especially in Yunnan and Guizhou, eating fresh mushrooms is the best choice now. For those outside these places, recently posted fresh photos of precious edible fungi on WeChat Moments - especially Matsutake, the envious level may be comparable to the specifications of Hermes platinum bags in "Thirty Only".
is not only the only one that can get extra attention, but also much cheaper than Matsutake, Dried Bacteria, and Chicken Fungus. It has unexpectedly become a hot topic because of raw poisoning. Especially since mid-to-late July, in addition to traditional gourmets, many people took the initiative to ask whether sellers could have hallucinations after eating them on online platforms such as Taobao . Some sellers even put words such as " hallucination mushroom " and " hallucination bacteria" into the product name.
"Can you see the villain dancing after eating?"
"Can you see the elf after eating this?"
"How to eat it to see the Pleasant Goat?"
"Can you see the Smurf after eating it raw?"
"Can you see the Smurf after eating it raw?"
"The taste doesn't matter, it's mainly because you want to see the elf. Is it because you call the rescue call or call after eating it?"
...
...
Wild fungi is delicious, but these seemingly joked buyers are likely to be in danger because of their strange thoughts and actions. Because seedlings are "conditional edible fungi", to avoid danger, they must be cooked reasonably, consumed in moderation, and pay attention to individual differences.
According to the " Health Times ", an announcement issued by the Yunnan Provincial Health Commission on July 27 showed that 273 wild bacteria poisoning incidents have occurred in Yunnan Province and 12 people have died. The announcement also stated that compared with the same period last year, the number of poisoning incidents fell by 33.90%, the number of patients fell by 35.64%, and the number of deaths decreased by 17.
Reminder text message sent by the Yunnan and Guizhou Health Commissions to refuse to eat toxic germs.
It can be seen that there are many cases of wild bacteria poisoning every year. As the recommendation of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia" says, unless you are a mycologist or a very experienced collector, don't throw any mushroom into your mouth easily.
In the magical world of mushrooms, there are delicious morels and bolete , as well as umbrellas that turn into ink, egg nests that look like bird's nests, cage-shaped bridles, greasy-like lubricating hammer tongue bacteria, cordyceps that occupy insect corpses, and truffles collected by flies and pigs leading the way... Among these mushrooms that quietly emerge from the soil, dead branches, tree stumps, and even other mushrooms, of course, there are first-class deliciousness, ordinary varieties that can be eaten but not very delicious, and there are also dangerous molecules that can make people feel uncomfortable or even poisoned.
In fairy tales, cute mushrooms are particularly vigilant in daily life because of their bright colors, because the experience we have gained tells us: all gorgeous mushrooms are poisonous. Is this really the case? Poisonous mushrooms may be more than we thought. For example, small umbrellas with not bright colors, white amanita, and umbrellas with black color are extremely toxic and may be fatal if eaten by mistake.
"DK Mushroom Encyclopedia", written by Thomas Leathers, translated by Hao Yanjia, Boji Tianjuan丨Hunan Science and Technology Press April 2020 edition.
color is the standard for identifying poisonous mushroom ?
The world of mushrooms is complex. In nature, mushrooms are much richer and more complex in terms of shape, color, living habits, etc. than we usually think. According to data, there are about 36,000 kinds of mushrooms in the world, of which only more than 2,000 are edible. The purpose of identifying mushrooms is to find delicious mushrooms and avoid poisonous mushrooms, but it is much more difficult to make than imagined.
Sulphur Knight (Sulphur Mushroom). Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
Don’t throw any mushroom into your mouth easily!
Many people say that mushrooms with extra bright colors are mostly poisonous.For example, the classic poisonous mushroom "Poison Fly Amanita" that often appears in fairy tales, and several other beautifully colored red mushroom , such as poisonous red mushroom, blood red mushroom, spicy red mushroom, and the famous ICU mushroom big green pleated umbrella and the scale-handled white amanita nicknamed "Angel of Destruction" are all white and not normal.
Wear amanita for boots. Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
Destruction Angel (Scale-Hydroxy White Amanita). Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
, known as , poisonous fly amanita, , is a classic poisonous mushroom in fairy tales. This mushroom is not as fatal as everyone usually thinks, but it is also highly toxic, so it should be avoided in any case.
Poison Fly Umbroidery (Poison Fly Amankyo). Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
But there are also some bright mushrooms, such as pine mushrooms, crimson wet umbrellas, amethyst wax mushrooms; tea-colored fragrant mushrooms, lilac mushrooms, etc., which can be eaten. There are many edible porcini mushrooms, but there are also many varieties with bright colors and seemingly toxic, such as porcini mushrooms with red stalks, which have orange-red caps, and will quickly turn gray-blue after the stalk is cut open.
The delicious mushrooms that look bad in color also include taupe-shaped mouth mushrooms. Another ugly lactiflora mushroom with a similar color to it, but also secretes a spicy white juice, which may cause cancer.
On the other hand, some mushrooms with honest appearance and color are actually low-key assassins. For example, toxic syrup, about 10% of fungal poisoning in Europe is caused by this species. For example, Jie Xiao Mushroom looks soft and cute, like the watermelon red soft hat worn by Little Red Riding Hood, it does not prevent it from being poisonous.
小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小小� Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
Are odor and family accurate standards for distinguishing toxicity?
Some people also say that mushrooms with irritating or bad smell are mostly poisonous. So, is odor the precise standard for distinguishing toxicity? For example, Satan Bolete is not only poisonous in terms of its name, but also has an unpleasant smell in mature fruiting bodies. In fact, Satan Boletete has a slight toxicity and can cause gastrointestinal discomfort.
mouse urine powder folds. Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
There are some spicy and lacto mushrooms in red mushrooms and many poisonous, but there are also edible species, such as lacto mushrooms and lacto mushrooms.
Is it reliable to classify it based on a family like a family? Actually, it is not reliable. For example, the xx amanita that is famous for its toxins is also edible, and the boletus, which includes many delicious mushrooms, is also toxic.
Then abandon these rules and only collect the book saying that you can eat delicious mushrooms?
Blue Leg Chocolate Cake (Blue-Handed Psycalin). Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
is theoretically feasible, but in reality, some poisonous mushrooms will look very similar to edible mushrooms. For example, the umbrella of the umbrella looks very similar to the edible kuen mushroom. The umbrella is also known as Death Bell. This umbrella fungus looks very close to the edible Kuhn mushroom, but the umbrella handle below the fungus ring has no scales, while the umbrella handle of the Kuhn mushroom is covered with sharp-angled scales. Eating umbrellas with umbrellas can cause serious poisoning.
Death knives (Armored Helmet Spore). Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
Generally speaking, the appearance of mushrooms is very deceptive. There are ostentatious poisonous mushrooms, soft and cute poisonous mushrooms, and low-key poisonous mushrooms; delicious mushrooms may also look like bad guys. Category classification is not very reliable. Even if you know that kind of mushroom can be eaten, you may be deceived by poisonous mushrooms with similar appearance.
Cuban Free Cap. Illustration of "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia".
So, the most useful thing is to keep up with experienced mycologists and mushroom pickers. Without such veterans, we should not throw any kind of mushroom into our mouths easily. Their experience is accumulated with countless lessons. Experience is a little more reliable than theory when it comes to saving lives.
The main content of this article is based on the book "DK Mushroom Encyclopedia" written by Thomas Lethers, a doctor of mycotics and a well-known expert in mushroom research. The fungi illustrations used in the article are all from this book. It has been authorized by the publisher to publish.
Original book author丨Thomas Leathers
integration丨Anye
edit丨Zhang Ting
introduction proofreading丨Weizhuo m11m11m1
