During the Republic of China, 13 universities founded by Christianity or Catholic churches were established, most of which could be called world-class universities at that time. They are Yanjing University , Qilu University , Soviet University y, St. John's University, Zhijiang University , West China Union University, Central University , Jinling University , Fujian Union University , South China Women's Arts and Sciences College, Jinling Women's Arts and Sciences College, Hujiang University, Lingnan University , etc.
Although these universities are not large in number, they have a very high starting point. They directly introduce modern Western education models in many aspects of system, institutions, plans, curriculums, methods and even rules and regulations, play an important demonstration and guiding role in the modernization of Chinese education. They have cultivated a large number of elites in the intellectual circles for China, have had a profound impact on the education circle and society, and have made indelible contributions to China's higher education.
But unfortunately, during the major adjustment of colleges and universities in 1952, these church universities gradually integrated into other universities, and their names also became a page of memory and history of the times.
Yenjing University
Yenjing University was founded in 1916 and was formed by the merger of several church universities in North China, including Beijing Huiwen University, Tongzhou North China Union University, and Beijing North China Women's Union University. It was jointly organized by the American Presbyterian Church, the American Women's Association, the Congregational Church, and the London Association of the United Kingdom. It was originally named " Peking University ".
Stu Leiden 1919 After becoming the principal, he reformed the school and renamed the school to Yenching University. Then we began to build a new campus and raise funds from all walks of life. After several years of hard work, the university became the largest, best quality and most beautiful university in China at that time. He once cooperated with Harvard University to establish the Harvard-Yenjing Society, which has become famous at home and abroad.
In terms of teaching ideas, the school does not emphasize Christian education and implements free teaching. Since 1929, the School of Literature, School of Science and Law has been officially established, with a total of nearly 20 departments. Its professors and graduates are mainly active in China's education, politics and religion, including Edgar Snow, Lei Jieqiong, Wu Wenzao, Feng Youlan, Qian Mu , Zhou Zuoren , Zheng Zhenduo , Bing Xin and other heavyweights.
Yan Da was born in the May Fourth Movement. As an important representative of China's higher education in that era, he had an indissoluble bond with the students' patriotic and democratic movement from the very beginning. During the 33 years of existence, this university has had a profound impact on the development of modern higher education in China in many aspects of educational methods, curriculum settings, rules and regulations.
In the 1952 departmental adjustment of Chinese universities, Yenching University was abolished. After the National Government of Mainland China moved to Taiwan, Yenching University was incorporated into Chongji College, the Chinese University of Hong Kong in Hong Kong. In mainland China, its assets were taken over by the Chinese government and were merged. Most of the liberal arts and science were merged into Peking University, engineering was merged into Tsinghua University, and the law school and sociology were merged into Beijing School of Political Science and Law (now China University of Political Science and Law ). The campus was accepted by Peking University, and its building is still a historical site of Yenching University.
Fu Jen University
Fu Jen University was founded in 1925 by Holy See . It was known as the four famous schools in Peking together with Peking University, Tsinghua University and Yanjing in the early 20th century, and has a strong Catholic color. Hu Shi , Weng Wenhao , Ji Xianlin, Zheng Zhenduo and other famous teachers have taught at Fu Ren. In 1952, it was abolished during the adjustment of Chinese universities, and its campus was transferred to the North Campus of Beijing Normal University . The personnel and departments are compiled into Peking University, Beijing Normal University, Renmin University of China , China University of Political Science and Law, Central University of Finance and Economics, etc.
resumed school in Taiwan in 1960. Its full name is "Catholic Fu Jen University", abbreviated as Fu University, and is located in Xinzhuang District, New Taipei City, .As a well-known private university in Taiwan, the contemporary Auxiliaries University is still well-known in Chinese society at home and abroad. In addition to being a breakthrough in campus democracy during the martial law period in Taiwan and a major student movement, it has so far become one of the few private universities with well-known alumni in Taiwan's legal and political circles, academic circles, media circles, literary and art circles, textile industry, and sports circles, including a Nobel Peace Prize co-winner, a considerable number of academicians, national players and members of Congress. People in Taiwan's literary and artistic circles who are more well-known in mainland China, such as Lai Shengchuan, Hu Yinmeng, Wu Peici, Wu Xiaoli, Jolin Tsai, and Wu Qilong, all come from Fu Ren University.
Qilu University
Qilu University is officially named Shandong Christian Republic University. It is a church university that runs schools in Shandong Province, China from 1904 to 1952. It is jointly established by 14 Christian church organizations from the United States, the United Kingdom and Canada. It was known as the "No. 1 institution of North China" at its peak, as famous as Yenching University and is known as "Southern Qi and Northern Yan". Many well-known scholars in mainland China, such as Mr. Lao She, historian, Gu Jiegang, Mohist master Luan Diaofu, and dramatist, Ma Yanxiang, etc., have come here to teach.
As one of the thirteen church universities founded by foreigners in China, Qilu University also could not escape the misfortune of being abolished during the major school adjustments in 1952. The original campus is now Shandong University Baotuquan Campus. Its disciplines have been incorporated into Shandong University, Shandong Normal University , Shandong Agricultural University , China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing University and other universities respectively.
Although Qilu University and Shandong University are in Shandong, these two famous universities have almost no connection in history. Qilu University is a church university with a long history. It is two universities with different natures, styles, destinies and independent of each other from Shandong University. The dramatic thing is that the campus of Qilu University eventually became the campus of Shandong University, and the school history of these two famous universities came together in 2000.
Soyu University
Soyu University (Soochow University) The first private university in China in the early 20th century. It was founded by the Christian Supervisory Council in 1900 in Suzhou , China. Its legal education was well-known at home and abroad at that time and was the first Western-made university in China.
When the Chinese colleges and departments were adjusted in 1952, Soochow University, the Jiangsu College of Culture and Education and the Jiangnan University, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, was merged into the Jiangsu Normal University. In the same year, it was named Jiangsu Normal University , and it was run at the original Soochow University site (in 1982, it was approved by the State Council to be reorganized into Suzhou University ). The Law School of Soochow University in Shanghai was incorporated into the East China School of Political Science and Law (now East China University of Political Science and Law ), and the Department of Accounting was incorporated into the Shanghai School of Finance and Economics (now Shanghai University of Finance and Economics).
resumed school in Taiwan in 1951 and is also the first private university in Taiwan. After the resumption of the school, Taiwan Soochow University still adheres to the school motto of "fostering the righteousness of the world, and perfecting the ancient and modern methods", and cultivates young students who are "simple, enthusiastic, and persevering, professional and general-purpose" with the school management concept of "educating the world's talents". Mr. Jin Yong graduated from Soochow University.
Saint John's University
Saint John's University was formerly the St. John's College founded in 1879. It was upgraded to St. John's University in 1905. It is one of the most famous universities in modern China and the longest-running church in China. In 1913, St. John's University began to recruit graduate students and girls in 1936. Later, it developed into a comprehensive church university with 5 colleges (the original 4 plus later agricultural colleges). It was one of the best universities in Shanghai and even in China at that time. Many of the readers were descendants of political and business celebrities or wealthy children, and had a strong church background.
St. John's University is China's first full-English teaching university, with "Light and Truth" as its motto. It has the elegant reputation of "Oriental Harvard" and "Diplomatic Talent Development Institute", which has set many firsts in and education in the Republic of China. The school has cultivated a large number of outstanding figures who have influenced Chinese history, including Lin Yutang, Zhang Ailing, Zou Taofen, Gu Weijun, Song Ziwen, Rong Yiren, Liu Hongsheng, I.M. Pei, Shi Zhaoji, etc.
In 1952, St. John's University was split into major prestigious schools in Shanghai and then dissolved. The original location of St. John's University was to East China University of Political Science and Law, and a generation of prestigious schools disappeared from the long river of history.
Shendan University
Shendan University is a famous church university founded by the French Catholic Jesuits in Shanghai, China. It is a famous modern university in China. It was founded by Chinese priest Ma Xiangbo on February 27, 1903 at the former site of Xujiahui Observatory. The subjects set include four subjects: Chinese, symbols, investigation of things, and enlightenment. Zhendan is the old name for China in India, with the English and French school names: Aurora and LAurore respectively.
was founded in the beginning, and the school aimed at "promoting Confucianism and cultivating translation talents". The school emphasizes the school-run policy of focusing on literature and art, advocating science, and not talking about teaching, and advocates "the style of free research for students", that is, advocates academic democracy and freedom of thought, and adopts the heuristic teaching method of "taking the principles and giving instructions", and has successively cultivated a group of well-known figures such as Dai Wangshu, He Zhenliang, Xu Beihong, and Weng Wenhao.
In 1952, the Chinese departments were adjusted, and Zhendan University could not escape the fate of being dismembered. Each department was merged with relevant universities in Shanghai (Fudan University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Tongji University, etc.).
Zhijiang University
Zhijiang University is a church university jointly founded by the Christian North American Presbyterian Church and the South American Presbyterian Church in Hangzhou, China. It is also one of the thirteen Christian universities in China and has a certain historical status among Chinese universities. Well-known people such as Lin Handa , Jin Zhonghua, and Zhu Shenghao (translator) are all great alumni. In 1951, he was taken over by the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Culture and Education, and an American teacher left school and returned to China. In 1952, due to the adjustment and disbandment of Chinese universities, the departments were split into Zhejiang Normal University , Zhejiang University , Fudan University, etc., and Zhijiang University was declared over.
Jinling University
Jinling University (University of Nanking) is a church university founded by the American Christian Church in Nanjing. Educator Tao Xingzhi, Nobel Prize winner Pearl Buck, philosopher Fang Dongmei, literary historian Cheng Qianfan and other famous alumni all came from this. It is the first church university to file a case and be approved by the Chinese government. Among the university classes organized by the University of California in China by outsiders, Jinling University is the only Class A among church universities. Graduates holding a degree from Jinling University are eligible to directly enter the graduate school of American universities. It was regarded as "the best church university in China" at that time and enjoyed the reputation of "the hero of Jiangdong" and "the hero of Zhongshan". In 1952, the departments of Chinese universities were adjusted, Jinling University abolished its establishment, and the main body was merged into Nanjing University. The other departments participated in the establishment of Nanjing Agricultural College , Nanjing Normal University and other universities. Its historical archives are included in Nanjing University. Nanjing University moved the campus from the former site of Sipailou to the Jindagulou campus.
Lingnan University
Lingnan University was formerly the Gezhi Academy, which set a precedent for overseas Chinese education in China. It was founded in Guangzhou in 1888 by the American Presbyterian Church. At that time, a group of patriotic alumni led by Qian Shufen suggested to take over the school. In July of the same year, with the approval of the Guangdong government, the school was taken over by the Chinese and officially renamed the private Lingnan University, gradually developing into a famous university in southern China. In April 1927, the school announced the suspension. In 1952, Lingnan University merged with the liberal arts and science subjects of National Sun Yat-sen University and other colleges during the department adjustment to form the current South China University of Technology , Sun Yat-sen University.
Xie Xinghai, Liao Chengzhi, Liang Yusheng , Chen Xiangmei and other famous figures all graduated from Lingnan University.
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