Professor of the National College of Renmin University of China Gu Shuguang
Origin: "Only entangled with tens of thousands of guan, you cannot go to Yangzhou "
One day this spring, I suddenly saw a colleague's circle of friends posted with pictures and texts. The picture shows the spring scenery and the pleasure boats of Yangzhou's thin West Lake, with delicate peaches and charming willows and shimmering blue waves; the matching text is "Only entangled with tens of thousands of guan, you cannot go to Yangzhou". This is a brief change to the famous "House of 100,000, riding a crane up (bottom) Yangzhou", which is obviously inspired. I immediately felt sad and wanted to interact with my colleagues, so I had an idea and followed this message: "It's not too late to go to Yangzhou, but it's hard to go to Yangzhou." This means that my colleagues are rich in wealth, but they are not allowed to go to Yangzhou because of the epidemic. And I, "poor and difficult" one, were even more unable to go to Yangzhou to have a happy life. In fact, I just intentionally "fall out the book bag" and make some articles to overturn the case and make fun of it.
The picture that inspired this article to write inspiration
This whim move has not ended. I then sent the screenshot to a student, and he agreed, but the expression of a crying minor man seemed to show that he was more embarrassed than me and could not realize his wish to go to Yangzhou. In order to comfort him, I became wise and continued: "Make 100,000 yuan, and the epidemic will spread to Yangzhou." Unexpectedly, the students were overjoyed, and they joked with me: "I have 100,000 yuan, and the master and apprentice will go to Yangzhou." I was also very happy, "I have a great mind", and continued the word game:
"No matter how many yuan he has, I have to go to Yangzhou" - free and easy;
"I have no 100,000 yuan in my pocket, and the official will go to Yangzhou" - on a business trip;
"No 100,000 yuan in my pocket, and I look down on Yangzhou" - envy;
"There is a good fortune here, why go to Yangzhou" - antonym;
"No 100,000 yuan, but Yangzhou is on paper" - reading books.
Students clapped their hands, and the master and apprentice smiled. This detail is a small episode in the spring epidemic. It is recorded, but it is just a highlight and a brief expression of the sorrow that has been trapped in the epidemic for a long time.
At night, my professional sensitivity suddenly came. I remember that there are actually two terms in the poems: "Go to Yangzhou" and "Go to Yangzhou". What exactly is it? What is the relationship between 100,000 guan and riding cranes and Yangzhou? Why are they put together? Thinking of this, I was completely sleepy, so I immediately took action, looked up the documents, and tried to solve the problem.
The historical evolution of Yangzhou is complicated. In short, Yangzhou is today, which is Yangzhou since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The land is very beautiful, not only is it gathered in great merchants and rich in the world, but it also has the victories of pavilions, flowers and moons, and the joy of music and pink, making it a "country of joy" in the minds of countless people. The Song people thought that even the "Twenty-four bridges, where can the jade man teaches to play the flute" by Du Mu is not enough to fulfill the beauty of Yangzhou; the best and most appropriate poem written by Yangzhou is the " Traveling in Huainan " by Zhang Hu of Tang Dynasty: "The streets and markets are connected in a ten-mile long, and the moonlight is the gods on the bridge. Life is only for the death of Yangzhou, and the mountain is bright and the tomb fields are beautiful." Not only should I live here, but I have to live here in the end, and I have to live in the world and live and die, so that I can fulfill my wish. Yangzhou has great magic! Since that's the case, come to Yangzhou. How to come? ——"Go to Yangzhou" or "Go to Yangzhou".
inventory various "down to Yangzhou"
first talk about "down to Yangzhou". The fourth chapter of the anonymous man's " Nahetan " written in the Southern Dynasty: "I heard that I was happy to go to Yangzhou and sent me to Jiangjin Bay. I wish I could get a pole and a oar and return to my husband." Later generations sent my husband to Yangzhou became a relatively common lyrical model, which was mostly used in Yuefu and literati. The late Ming Dynasty Chen Zilong "Song of Sudden Nong" (third) says: "Yiwu Jiangling, gathering the head of the cheerful monkey. The white Jiangling girl, following the joyful girl to Yangzhou." It describes a pair of lovers join hands to Yangzhou.
"Going to Yangzhou" has become a famous allusion, mainly thanks to Emperor Yang of Sui Yang Guang. Although Yang Guang was a famous foolish monarch, he made great contributions to dredging the canal. The famous Grand Canal communicated with the five major water systems of Yangtze River , Yellow River , Huaihe River, Qiantang River , and Haihe River, making Yangzhou a transportation hub and a major trade center, becoming increasingly prosperous. Yang Guang visited Yangzhou three times and set up a palace in Jiangdu. He also left a poem "Fanlong Boat": "The boat is thousands of miles away and the boat is returned to Yangzhou. I would like to ask where Yangzhou is located, the west end of the Yangtze River and North Sea in Huainan.…” There is undoubtedly a strong Yangzhou complex. Later novels such as "The Romance of Emperor Yang of Sui", "The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties", and "Talk of Tang" also fictionalized his romantic encounter in Yangzhou - the story of the beautiful Qionghua. This is naturally unreliable "speech".
In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous and exciting thing about "Going to Yangzhou" was undoubtedly Li Bai . His " Yellow Crane Tower Sends Meng Haoran in Guangling ": "An old friend leaves the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and Fireworks in the March Yangzhou . The lonely sail is in the distant shadow of the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. "It is very popular. The commentary of "Tang and Song Poetry" says: "The words are close to each other and the love is far away, and there is the wonder of 'waving the five strings in your hand and watching the flying geese'. "In March, the most beautiful fireworks "going to Yangzhou" became a joy that everyone envied. Li Bai's wonderful writing will inevitably contribute to the spread of "going to Yangzhou". He also has a song "Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi- Although the northern part is praised for its Shanglinyuan , there is also a scattered flower building in Nanjing. "In fact, this poem is quite confusing, and several place names are incompatible. Nanjing in the poem actually refers to Chengdu. During the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong fled to Shu in a hurry, and the "Going Yangzhou" and so on were used, which was very meaningful to beautify and escape. Taibai was really good at using allusions, and still wrote the emperor's "dumping dust" so magnificently, even making people feel dizzy.
Du Fu also wrote "Going Yangzhou". "Twelve Poems to Relieve Boredom" (the second) says: "Shanghu farewell to Yangzhou, remembering the ancient post tower of Xiling. In order to ask about the value of rice in Huainan, I wanted to travel east while I was excited. "Yangzhou is indeed the most prosperous and prosperous city in the southeast, and "Going Yangzhou" may also be for " International Trade ". The Tang Dynasty Western Regions Hu merchants often traveled and triggered Du Fu's travel. But Du Fu only yearned for and had never really been to Yangzhou. Du Mu of the late Tang Dynasty really left a romantic affair in Yangzhou. Xiao Du said that he had "a dream of Yangzhou for ten years". He also used "Going Yangzhou" in his poem. He was the most The famous Yangzhou poem should belong to "The spring breeze of ten miles of Yangzhou road, and it is not as good as rolling the pearl curtain" (" Farewell to ").
The eternal beautiful sentences of famous poets such as Li Bai and Du Mu made "Going to Yangzhou" an elegant thing. Later generations like to create an elegant atmosphere and a gentle style in the poem, such as Southern Song Zheng Zhen's "Jingnan Farewell to Jia's Books to Return to the East": "Looking back at the corner of the Jingnan Heaven, the moon blows Flute down Yangzhou"; Yuan Dynasty Yang Weizhen "Shikes and Songs": "The spring breeze blows the boat down Yangzhou, and listens to the sound of the flute at night, and the river and the moon flows in the river"; Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen "When passing Dezhou, you can't visit the scales" (second): "It is best to gradually turn the new night moon, and a scoundrel goes down Yangzhou". Whether it is the bright moon blowing the flute, the spring breeze blowing the boat, or the scoundrel of sails, they describe "down Yangzhou" as a poetic and fascinating thing.
There is a positive and negative thing. Not all "going to Yangzhou" are yearning for, and some are forced to do it. The Song people Zhou Xingji "Thinking of Returning in the Sickness" has a sentence: "I'm worried about the world's worries when I'm old, I'm asking the rice to go to Yangzhou." It's just for the sake of livelihood, so how can I be free and easy? In the early Ming Dynasty, Yuan Kai "Hearing the Flute in the Boat on the River" says: "Who plays the flute and leans against the River Tower, and the pedestrians on the River have not stopped at night. I only have two lines of tears of missing my family, and shed my tears to Yangzhou for you. "Although I miss my family, I was sad and anxious and couldn't help but "going to Yangzhou".
Until the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, "going to Yangzhou" was a common allusion in poetry. For example, Yang Qi was used many times, and recorded his poem "Linjiang Xian·Resentment": "The flying catkins are not fixed, and the fragrance is not reliable. The flute blower is in the little red building. The pearl curtains are covered with jade, and the eyes are filled with spring sorrow. After the rain and before the wind, I feel sorry for the farewell night, and a bed of idle dreams are leisurely. Peach blossoms are under the spring water of Yangzhou. The south and north of the Yangtze River are still at the west end of the Haixi. "How to relieve this deep sorrow of parting and resentment!
The works listed above for "Going to Yangzhou" are mostly for traveling, farewell, and farewell. In addition, they are also very useful in chanting history and nostalgia, and there are many excellent works in all dynasties. In ancient Yangzhou, after several rises and falls, its prosperity is more and more sad, and the fall is more and more sad. From Bao Zhao's sigh of prosperity and decline in " Wucheng Fu " to Jiang Kui's "Going to Yangzhou" in " Yangzhou Slow ", there are many good works, and there are nostalgic stories; and Emperor Yang of Sui's "Going to Yangzhou" provides a unique perspective of nostalgia."Yangzhou" by Zhu Jifang of the Southern Song Dynasty says: "The Jinling King's Qi flows eastward and reaches the ancient shore of Huainan (also known as Donghuai). There is a song in the sky in the middle of the night, and the emperor goes to Yangzhou." He uses Yang Guang's tour to the forefront of the past and hurt the present, and is implicit and affectionate. Wang Gong, a Ming Dynasty man, expressed the meaning of the rise and fall of the vicissitudes of the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty: "Handling boats in the trees, the spring water flows through the twenty-four bridges. The heartbreaking and the jade flowers go up the sky, and there is no song to control Yangzhou." It is also clear and beautiful, and I feel deeply moved. "Thoughts of Crossing the Mountains" by Lu Shichen of the Ming Dynasty: "The gold is gone and no one is named a marquis. I believe that the floating life is always wandering. The fragrant grass in front of the Mother Temple is in the evening, and the white clouds are on the Huaiyin. The sails are collected and the bells of the temple are settled. The corners are turned and the water flows in the city. How many heroes die without a place, how can they play the flute and go down to Yangzhou?" They are both chanting history, but they have a little new meaning. At the end, the heroic achievements are all illusory, so why are you as happy as Yangzhou?
It is worth noting that in the monk's poems, "The boat is under Yangzhou" is common. This originates from the quotes of Zen Master Yicun of Xuefeng, Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty recorded in "Jingde Chuan Lanlu":
Question: "What if you are silent and unrestrained?"
Master said: "It's still a disease."
said: "What if you turn?"
said: "The boat is down to Yangzhou."
"The boat is down to Yangzhou" is a metaphor, which describes the wonderful state achieved in practice. Perhaps it is similar to the comfortable and tranquility feeling of "the tide is flat and the two sides are wide, the wind is upright and the sail is hanging", which has the wonder that can be understood but cannot be expressed. Since then, monks and Zen poems have been used frequently. The book "Ci Zhong" by the eminent monk Shi Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "I am a homeless guest, so how can I travel? Add oars and boats to Yangzhou with the wind." It is also a wonderful story of enlightenment.
uses the word "low" to be closely related to Yangzhou's transportation and geographical location. In ancient times, it was usually waterways from Yangzhou, but Yangzhou was in the eastern part of China and was not far from the sea, so-called "Haixitou". If you go to Yangzhou from the Central Plains, it is a "drift boat", that is, a boat that sails down the water from west to east. Therefore, it is natural to use "down to Yangzhou". Whether it is Emperor Yangzhou of Sui or Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the use of "天" certainly means that the water flows downstream, but it cannot be ignored. There is also a meaning of the emperor patrolling down from a high place. Of course, if you are in the lower reaches or south of Yangzhou and go to Yangzhou, it will be "up to Yangzhou" geographically.
Qingcheng version "Yangzhou Huafanglu"
Beautiful dream: gold, becoming an immortal, and "up to Yangzhou"
0 The clue of "down to Yangzhou" seems to have nothing to do with the 100,000 chunks and riding cranes in the title. What is truly related is "Shangyangzhou".
100,000 guan, which generally refers to making a fortune in ancient times. There are many places in historical books that record "hundreds of thousands of guan". When I read "Water Margin" in my childhood, I often saw "100,000 gold jewelry" and felt that it was a huge fortune. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "there is 100,000 yuan in money... it can be understood through the spirit" (Zhang Gu's "Eternal Drama"). Taizu of Song once wanted to use a minister like Sang Weihan (Sang was dead at that time), and said that this person loved money too much and could not be used even if he was alive. Taizu said a very funny sentence: "I have a big cuo and a small eye. If I give him 100,000 guan, I will be blocked and destroyed!" (Note, there are many notes in the Song Dynasty, recorded from Chen Shan's "New Talk on Lice" Volume 2) which is amazing. I personally think that a hundred thousand coins may be described as today's financial freedom, which seems to be very suitable for the situation. Riding a crane was related to the ascension of the Taoist in . Cranes are considered to be a symbol of longevity, elegance and auspiciousness in ancient culture. Most immortals ride cranes. Adding the word "媠" in front of the crane means that they have the idea of being out of the world. Bai Juyi was an early poet who used the allusion of riding a crane. There is a line from his "Reward of Li Lianshi": "I once violated the dragon scales and tried to ride the crane's back to seek immortality." Jia Dao's "Youxian" also used it: "When you return, you don't ride a crane, you have your own wings." By the Song Dynasty, poetry and prose were used more.
100,000 guan, Qihe, and Yangzhou, how do these three come together? It can be said to be derived from Tang poetry. "House of 100,000 people, ride a crane to Yangzhou", which included the " Complete Tang Poems " compiled by the Qing people, titled "Talking about Aspirations". There is an explanation below: "A guest follows each other and each of them wants to be the governor of Yangzhou, or he wants to make more money, or he wants to ride a crane to rise. One person wants to combine three." Confucius has a famous saying: "Do you want to talk about your aspirations?" For all living beings, there seems to be no need to talk about the lofty aspirations.The three choices in the interpretation are very "down-to-earth" and at least "not pretending". It is rare to realize the three things separately, and mergers may be called the "highest ideal". Since ancient times, most Chinese people’s greatest wish is to become officials. If they can become officials in a wealthy and good place, they will never be able to find it. Yangzhou is a paradise on earth, and being a governor here is definitely a top-notch "beauty". In addition to being an official, everyone is envious of wealth and immortality. And there is one person with a very big appetite and wants to have these three good things: being the governor of Yangzhou, being rich in gold, and ascending on a crane; and combining them into one sentence - "Wrap a hundred thousand strings of cranes, riding a crane to Yangzhou" will be born! Oh, oh, oh! It is so fast that three beautiful things that people envy will be realized together! In the poem, Yangzhou originally means to be an official in Yangzhou. The word "shang" not only means to go or go (now often says: go to work, go to school, where to go), but also shows the meaning of ascension. It seems that "going to Yangzhou" is to go to heaven on earth and match it with riding a crane. The poem also has the spirit of fairy, depicting the freedom of attaining the Tao and ascending to heaven. After all, the use of 100,000 guan, riding crane and "Shangyangzhou" is derived from the word "desire". Many people want to have both fish and bear's paw. The ancients were good at refining. If they could simplify the cross into one word to metaphor for the three things, wouldn’t it be even better? Therefore, "Yangzhou He" became a proper noun, and the word "three things" was used in total, and the people of the Song Dynasty liked to use it. But the wise Su Shi has poured a bucket of cold water: "No flesh makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. ...Where are Yangzhou cranes in the world?" (" in the Qian Seng Lu Yunxuan ") There are so many fools!
From the literature, "House of 100,000 people, riding a crane to Yangzhou" was first seen in the Song Dynasty, such as Ge Lifang's "Rhyme of Yangqiu", monk's poems, etc., which had become songs and proverbs at that time, and the poems and the deeds of "Three Difficulties" were also seen in the Song Dynasty, such as the books "Shili Preparation" and "Ancient and Modern Affairs" (also included in the "Dongpo Poetry Collection" by Wang Shipeng ), and the source was written in "Novels", and later it was said that it was "Hong Kong Liang Liang Yin Yun's "Novels". This book has been lost for a long time, and it is collected by the "Yin Yun Novels" by people today. This article was included in the "Wu and Shu people" of the Three Kingdoms. Qing people Li Ciming " Yuemantang Diary " once identified the Yangzhou mentioned in "Yin Yun's Novels" as Jianye ( Jiangning ), which is not today's Yangzhou, so you can refer to it.
from the perspective of use, there were no combination of poems and essays before the Song Dynasty. To take a step back, the three things are used alone, and they also started in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the author believes that the collection of "Complete Tang Poems" seems to be more appropriate. The Tang people first said it alone, and then "three-in-one", and the Song Dynasty became a catchphrase and used it more widely. If it is an allusion from the Three Kingdoms period, why is the entire , the Six Dynasties , and the Tang Dynasty speechless? The rumor comes from "Yin Yun's Novel", and there is no conclusive evidence, so there is a high possibility of misinformation. Moreover, the establishment, application and fixation of poetry and prose allusions and images have their own processes. Considering that Yangzhou developed into a metropolis that people yearned for in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was unprecedentedly prosperous, so it was far more reasonable to cut off the appearance of this allusion in the Tang Dynasty than in the Three Kingdoms. Its true popularity and household name was in the Song Dynasty.
Please allow "thinking beautifully"
Nowadays people mock those who are fantastic. Every play says: "Thinking beautifully!" There is already a sigh of "beautiful things are not bothered" in the notes of the Song people. Volume 13 of Wang Yu's "Wild Collection" says: "'House 100,000 chunks of waist, ride a crane to Yangzhou'. How can the world be both good and good! Xiahou Jiazheng likes the alchemy stove, and wants to make imperial edicts for the master, and once said: 'Let me get half a tael of mercury silver, and three days of knowledge to make imperial edicts, it is enough for my whole life!' The second wish did not come true and died. Bai Letian abandoned his crown and returned, and trained his alchemy stove, but it was not completed, and the book had arrived. Things in the world are always like this. The work of nature cannot be used to be both an official and an immortal, so how can there be such a reason!" Bai Juyi and Xiahou Jiazheng both became "reverse models". A hundred thousand coins is the world's fortune, while riding a crane is the pleasure of becoming an immortal. You have to be an official in the wealthy Yangzhou. It is really a beautiful dream and is destined to be unable to realize it. I can only say "I think beautifully"!
Although it is "beautiful thinking", people must always be allowed to think; life is really hard, and if there is no more beautiful dreams and dreams, wouldn't it be hopeless? Since the Song Dynasty, "Upeng Yangzhou" has become an allusion, and has a special intention when it becomes popular, which is different from "Upeng Yangzhou".Wang Tinggui, a native of the Song Dynasty, said in "The Book of Liang Daoren to Borrow several volumes of the Alchemy Sutra to read without reading them all, and he would give them two poems to him after reading them without reading them" (first) said: "The Pill Sutra has sweat damaged several carts of oxen, and it is difficult to search on paper. When we meet, we have no 100,000 yuan to wrap our waists, and we will ride a crane to Yangzhou." This is to wish my friends to become immortals as soon as possible. Chen Yuyi "Answer the Yuan Fang Shu Huai Zhu" says: "If you don't see the round and talk about the nine streams, you will ride cranes to Yangzhou one after another", which is also a feeling. In the eyes of the scholars, "up to Yangzhou" may be unbearable, so they use it the opposite way, such as Ouyang Shoudao of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Inscription on the Moon Rock of Xingshanyuan": "People say that the waist and money ride a crane to Yangzhou, how is it like a monk traveling under the moon in the rock." This is the wonder of "walking to the end of the water, sitting and watching the clouds rise" is not comparable to that of "hugging money rides a crane to Yangzhou"! People are the most unfamiliar.
and the "Shangyangzhou" allusion are quite surprisingly renovated. For example, Zhang Kuo of the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Reading the Theory of Money": "If you don't want to spend 100,000 yuan to Yangzhou, how can you use a million yuan to pay for it!" Everyone envied. This person was not right, he liked to spend a million yuan to gamble. It’s also that everyone has their own ambitions and cannot be forced. The Southern Song Fan Chengda "Baiyunquan" says: "The dragon head is high and pecks and coughs and flows, and the jade sweet and sweet milk are floating. When you boil the spring and cook the hips, you will really become riding a crane to Yangzhou." It is beautiful to boil tea in the spring water; drinking tea to a certain level is wonderful; using "riding a crane to Yangzhou" to describe the wonderful tea environment, how stable and comfortable! This cannot be said to be based on the usage of the poems of the monks, and it is turned into gold.
Famous minister of the Jinyuan Yelu Chucai "Four Poems of Thoughts" (first) also uses "Shangyangzhou":
Wealth and glory are like gathering, and life is like water flowing eastward.
A kind person sighs at Yan's family for a short life, and a gentleman sighs at Bo Niu with a sick heart.
How can you ride a crane to Yangzhou without having to travel to the emperor's palace?
When will it get rid of the idle reins, and the smile is proud and the clouds are always free.
has limited space, and I do not intend to dissect the whole poem, but only read the third couplet, which means that when I think of being the governor of Yangzhou, there is a prerequisite for me to go to Beijing first and then I have the opportunity to be released. This is a big truth. Yelu Chucai said at the end of another song "Dream of Wansongsong in Puhua City": "Let's leave the world and go back, who can ride a crane to Yangzhou?" He pointed out directly that "Going to Yangzhou" is a dream of illusion.
In addition, Song Boren, a native of the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Riding Crane Tower in Yangzhou". Because he knew that there was a Crane Tower in Yangzhou during the Song Dynasty, it can be seen that "the waist is 100,000 pieces, and the crane is riding up to Yangzhou" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people at that time, and it turned "Riding Crane" from a literary imagination to a field landscape. According to the "Da Ming Yitong Zhi", this building is in the northeast of the city of Ming Dynasty; the Qing Dynasty's "Jiangnan Tong Zhi" says that it is located in the streets of Jiangdu County, but where is it now?
From the above citation analysis, it can be seen that "Shangyangzhou" is a "true brand" and is used the most. Especially literati and poets use Yangzhou allusions. Anyone who associates Yangzhou with 100,000 jin and riding cranes is more likely to be "up to Yangzhou" and fewer to be "down to Yangzhou". Although the difference is one word, it is rarely misused, which is enough to show that ancient literati had considered this allusion. Opera is already popular literature , and even literati plays are used in this way. It can be seen that it is meticulous. "Hi" Yang Jingxian's "Hi" in the Yuan Dynasty "Hi's Journey to the West " zaju has "tight two strands of gold hairpins, and how many cranes ride to Yangzhou." This is not a matter of being meticulous, but rather a meticulous reading and a meticulous creation of principles.
Qing Dynasty engraved version "Pingshantang Tuzhi"
Here are two Song and Ming literati who have used "upper and downward Yangzhou" at the same time to see the difference. Northern Song Dynasty Zou Hao "Recruiting Yu Qing Lao and Simplifying Zen Master Kangyuan" (first) says: "Hand money rides into Yangzhou, and you will go to waste everything. Only with three poles of wind and moon, I will wait for you to fish for the same boat." When you take the same boat with "Hand money rides into the crane", you will use "up to Yangzhou"; when you write the same boat with "up to Yangzhou" at the end of his "Send to Yu Qing Lao" says: "A drop of good news from Caoxi, I will go to Yangzhou for you", and when you use it with "row to Yangzhou". Interestingly, these two poems are written for Mr. Yu Qing, which can be said to be very knowledgeable. Let’s look at the Ming Dynasty Hu Yinglin . Two sentences in his "Present to Qishanren Bo Jian": "The fish come and go to the county, who can ride a crane to Yangzhou"; "Zhenzhou Coming Li Jixuan" starts: "The short boat comes east and never gets tired of wandering, and plays the flute and sway down to Yangzhou", and the eight poems of "Brief House Song" (eight) says: "The sky is like water in the twenty-four bridges, and the boat rides the moon under Yangzhou". There are also clear distinctions between the upper and lower parts and subtle knowledge.
Literary and poets are keen on their abilities, while monks of the Song Dynasty sometimes use "upper and down" mixed. Many monks and Zen poems written in Yangzhou during the Song Dynasty, and some of them confused "upper and downward Yangzhou". Buddhism emphasizes the wonderful enlightenment of the mind and method, and Zen masters like to use common sayings and catchphrases to try their best and meditate on the topic in order to gain Buddhist principles and Zen. Since "Riding a Crane to Yangzhou" has the wonder of flying immortals in the sun, what's wrong with Zen poetry? The Northern Song Dynasty Zen Master Shi Zhongren took it directly: "The scale hammer lifts oil, and lets stop talking. He has a crane with a crane." The Southern Song Dynasty , Shi Shi style , "The Twenty-Nine Poems of Ancient Ancients" (Thirteenth) also said: "The righteousness is broken from the relatives, and the poor is at the end of the rich. He has a crane with a crane." The "upgrading to Yangzhou" in these two places means transcendence and freedom in the religious sense. As mentioned earlier, there are also people who mixed the use of "Going to Yangzhou". The Southern Song Dynasty Shi Zonggao "Six Songs of the Ancients" (Fifth) says: "A finger is a good time, and you will have enough food. If you wrap your waist with a hundred thousand stakes, ride a crane to Yangzhou." Another example is Shi Daoyan's "Song Gu" (79th) says: "Ride a horse on a tall building, and you can get free from the north and west. It is best to wrap your waist with a hundred thousand stakes, and ride a crane to Yangzhou." The question is, why do monks occasionally use it with it? Perhaps because monk Zen poems are closer to vernacular poetry, they are close to the people; but the people do not distinguish them so carefully, and the people are mixed with "upper and downward Yangzhou", so monk Zen poems may follow the customs and have no certainty.
The wonder of
is that between the upper and lower virtual and realThrough the above review, it can be seen that "lower Yangzhou" and "upper Yangzhou" are two different allusions, with different meanings. Whether to use "lower" or "upper" depends on the situation. Anyone who expresses promotion and wealth, enjoys life, or pursues ascension to heaven and enlightenment, usually associates 100,000 chunks of traffic, riding a crane with "up to Yangzhou", which is often a spiritual false indicator; if you really want to go to Yangzhou (including farewell), or Yang Guang travels to Yangzhou to express the feeling of rise and fall, you will use "down to Yangzhou". In addition, there are some special cases that will not be described in detail. From a quantitative perspective, among the poems of all dynasties, "Under Yangzhou" and "Under Yangzhou" account for about half of the country, and there was no situation where one was extremely large, the other was extremely small, or one overwhelmed the other.
"The Book of Changes·Xici Shang" says: "The metaphysical one is called Tao, and is called is called utensils." In other words, "upward Yangzhou" is more about the imagination of the spiritual world, and one pillows on Huaian, floating in the celestial world, so it is used "metaphysical one is", so it is used "upward"; "downward Yangzhou" is more about the flow of real life, and it is actually true, and "immortality", so it is used "downward". In other words, "up" has the strength and high aspirations against the current; while "down" is the lingering and sadness of separation. From the perspective of poetry, it is like "Fireworks to Yangzhou in March", which may be slightly inconsistent with aesthetic habits and lacks the lingering thoughts and the melancholy of parting; it is like "Riding a crane to Yangzhou in spring", which is bright and clear, and much more harmonious. This shows that there are also subtle aesthetic psychological problems here.
Yangzhou picture in the Qianlong version of the Qing Dynasty "Southern Tour Ceremony"
Since modern times, there has been a widely circulated folk tune in my hometown " Picking Pomegranate ", which describes young men and women who cannot fall in love freely, so they "go to Yangzhou" to elope and pursue a better life. The man in the lyrics put forward the idea of "Going to Yangzhou", and the woman continued to sing: "I heard that going to Yangzhou is in my heart, I will follow you with a burden. I will come to Yangzhou and never look back..." Use "Going to Yangzhou" to symbolize the love paradise in my heart. This is in line with Chen Zilong's writing style in the late Ming Dynasty. Although the issues discussed in my clumsy article are small, because "the waist is 100,000, and the crane is riding up (bottom) Yangzhou" is a catchphrase, a happy event, and a "extraordinary heart", which is circulated on the people, and even included in ancient children's books (such as "Instructions for Young Learning"). I regret that many people are not careful about the formation of the era and the subtle differences, especially because I failed to understand the meticulousness of the ancient allusions, so I am not afraid of the cumbersome, and I will examine the whole story and consider the differences and differences. This may not be meaningless either. When people today talk about front-line metropolis, they must be called "North, Shang, Guang"; in the Middle Ages, Yangzhou was a well-deserved southeastern metropolis, or can be compared to today's Shanghai, so everyone yearned for the spirit.In short, this allusion was formed in the Tang Dynasty and popular in the Song Dynasty. It has remained unchanged so far. It is closely related to the wealth of Yangzhou in the southeast since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the popularity of Buddhism and the social atmosphere of secular pleasure.
It has been three years since the epidemic, and everyone cannot help. I hope that the epidemic will disperse. Everyone, regardless of whether they have or not, ride a crane or an official in Yangzhou, can "go to Yangzhou" or "go to Yangzhou" anytime, anywhere, without any obstacles. How far is this day?
Editor in charge: Zheng Shiliang
Proofreading: Liu Wei
…” There is undoubtedly a strong Yangzhou complex. Later novels such as "The Romance of Emperor Yang of Sui", "The Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties", and "Talk of Tang" also fictionalized his romantic encounter in Yangzhou - the story of the beautiful Qionghua. This is naturally unreliable "speech".In the Tang Dynasty, the most famous and exciting thing about "Going to Yangzhou" was undoubtedly Li Bai . His " Yellow Crane Tower Sends Meng Haoran in Guangling ": "An old friend leaves the Yellow Crane Tower in the west, and Fireworks in the March Yangzhou . The lonely sail is in the distant shadow of the blue sky, and only the Yangtze River flows in the sky. "It is very popular. The commentary of "Tang and Song Poetry" says: "The words are close to each other and the love is far away, and there is the wonder of 'waving the five strings in your hand and watching the flying geese'. "In March, the most beautiful fireworks "going to Yangzhou" became a joy that everyone envied. Li Bai's wonderful writing will inevitably contribute to the spread of "going to Yangzhou". He also has a song "Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi-Hi- Although the northern part is praised for its Shanglinyuan , there is also a scattered flower building in Nanjing. "In fact, this poem is quite confusing, and several place names are incompatible. Nanjing in the poem actually refers to Chengdu. During the Anshi Rebellion, Xuanzong fled to Shu in a hurry, and the "Going Yangzhou" and so on were used, which was very meaningful to beautify and escape. Taibai was really good at using allusions, and still wrote the emperor's "dumping dust" so magnificently, even making people feel dizzy.
Du Fu also wrote "Going Yangzhou". "Twelve Poems to Relieve Boredom" (the second) says: "Shanghu farewell to Yangzhou, remembering the ancient post tower of Xiling. In order to ask about the value of rice in Huainan, I wanted to travel east while I was excited. "Yangzhou is indeed the most prosperous and prosperous city in the southeast, and "Going Yangzhou" may also be for " International Trade ". The Tang Dynasty Western Regions Hu merchants often traveled and triggered Du Fu's travel. But Du Fu only yearned for and had never really been to Yangzhou. Du Mu of the late Tang Dynasty really left a romantic affair in Yangzhou. Xiao Du said that he had "a dream of Yangzhou for ten years". He also used "Going Yangzhou" in his poem. He was the most The famous Yangzhou poem should belong to "The spring breeze of ten miles of Yangzhou road, and it is not as good as rolling the pearl curtain" (" Farewell to ").
The eternal beautiful sentences of famous poets such as Li Bai and Du Mu made "Going to Yangzhou" an elegant thing. Later generations like to create an elegant atmosphere and a gentle style in the poem, such as Southern Song Zheng Zhen's "Jingnan Farewell to Jia's Books to Return to the East": "Looking back at the corner of the Jingnan Heaven, the moon blows Flute down Yangzhou"; Yuan Dynasty Yang Weizhen "Shikes and Songs": "The spring breeze blows the boat down Yangzhou, and listens to the sound of the flute at night, and the river and the moon flows in the river"; Ming Dynasty Wang Shizhen "When passing Dezhou, you can't visit the scales" (second): "It is best to gradually turn the new night moon, and a scoundrel goes down Yangzhou". Whether it is the bright moon blowing the flute, the spring breeze blowing the boat, or the scoundrel of sails, they describe "down Yangzhou" as a poetic and fascinating thing.
There is a positive and negative thing. Not all "going to Yangzhou" are yearning for, and some are forced to do it. The Song people Zhou Xingji "Thinking of Returning in the Sickness" has a sentence: "I'm worried about the world's worries when I'm old, I'm asking the rice to go to Yangzhou." It's just for the sake of livelihood, so how can I be free and easy? In the early Ming Dynasty, Yuan Kai "Hearing the Flute in the Boat on the River" says: "Who plays the flute and leans against the River Tower, and the pedestrians on the River have not stopped at night. I only have two lines of tears of missing my family, and shed my tears to Yangzhou for you. "Although I miss my family, I was sad and anxious and couldn't help but "going to Yangzhou".
Until the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, "going to Yangzhou" was a common allusion in poetry. For example, Yang Qi was used many times, and recorded his poem "Linjiang Xian·Resentment": "The flying catkins are not fixed, and the fragrance is not reliable. The flute blower is in the little red building. The pearl curtains are covered with jade, and the eyes are filled with spring sorrow. After the rain and before the wind, I feel sorry for the farewell night, and a bed of idle dreams are leisurely. Peach blossoms are under the spring water of Yangzhou. The south and north of the Yangtze River are still at the west end of the Haixi. "How to relieve this deep sorrow of parting and resentment!
The works listed above for "Going to Yangzhou" are mostly for traveling, farewell, and farewell. In addition, they are also very useful in chanting history and nostalgia, and there are many excellent works in all dynasties. In ancient Yangzhou, after several rises and falls, its prosperity is more and more sad, and the fall is more and more sad. From Bao Zhao's sigh of prosperity and decline in " Wucheng Fu " to Jiang Kui's "Going to Yangzhou" in " Yangzhou Slow ", there are many good works, and there are nostalgic stories; and Emperor Yang of Sui's "Going to Yangzhou" provides a unique perspective of nostalgia."Yangzhou" by Zhu Jifang of the Southern Song Dynasty says: "The Jinling King's Qi flows eastward and reaches the ancient shore of Huainan (also known as Donghuai). There is a song in the sky in the middle of the night, and the emperor goes to Yangzhou." He uses Yang Guang's tour to the forefront of the past and hurt the present, and is implicit and affectionate. Wang Gong, a Ming Dynasty man, expressed the meaning of the rise and fall of the vicissitudes of the rise and fall of the Ming Dynasty: "Handling boats in the trees, the spring water flows through the twenty-four bridges. The heartbreaking and the jade flowers go up the sky, and there is no song to control Yangzhou." It is also clear and beautiful, and I feel deeply moved. "Thoughts of Crossing the Mountains" by Lu Shichen of the Ming Dynasty: "The gold is gone and no one is named a marquis. I believe that the floating life is always wandering. The fragrant grass in front of the Mother Temple is in the evening, and the white clouds are on the Huaiyin. The sails are collected and the bells of the temple are settled. The corners are turned and the water flows in the city. How many heroes die without a place, how can they play the flute and go down to Yangzhou?" They are both chanting history, but they have a little new meaning. At the end, the heroic achievements are all illusory, so why are you as happy as Yangzhou?
It is worth noting that in the monk's poems, "The boat is under Yangzhou" is common. This originates from the quotes of Zen Master Yicun of Xuefeng, Fuzhou in the Tang Dynasty recorded in "Jingde Chuan Lanlu":
Question: "What if you are silent and unrestrained?"
Master said: "It's still a disease."
said: "What if you turn?"
said: "The boat is down to Yangzhou."
"The boat is down to Yangzhou" is a metaphor, which describes the wonderful state achieved in practice. Perhaps it is similar to the comfortable and tranquility feeling of "the tide is flat and the two sides are wide, the wind is upright and the sail is hanging", which has the wonder that can be understood but cannot be expressed. Since then, monks and Zen poems have been used frequently. The book "Ci Zhong" by the eminent monk Shi Zong of the Northern Song Dynasty said: "I am a homeless guest, so how can I travel? Add oars and boats to Yangzhou with the wind." It is also a wonderful story of enlightenment.
uses the word "low" to be closely related to Yangzhou's transportation and geographical location. In ancient times, it was usually waterways from Yangzhou, but Yangzhou was in the eastern part of China and was not far from the sea, so-called "Haixitou". If you go to Yangzhou from the Central Plains, it is a "drift boat", that is, a boat that sails down the water from west to east. Therefore, it is natural to use "down to Yangzhou". Whether it is Emperor Yangzhou of Sui or Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, the use of "天" certainly means that the water flows downstream, but it cannot be ignored. There is also a meaning of the emperor patrolling down from a high place. Of course, if you are in the lower reaches or south of Yangzhou and go to Yangzhou, it will be "up to Yangzhou" geographically.
Qingcheng version "Yangzhou Huafanglu"
Beautiful dream: gold, becoming an immortal, and "up to Yangzhou"
0 The clue of "down to Yangzhou" seems to have nothing to do with the 100,000 chunks and riding cranes in the title. What is truly related is "Shangyangzhou".
100,000 guan, which generally refers to making a fortune in ancient times. There are many places in historical books that record "hundreds of thousands of guan". When I read "Water Margin" in my childhood, I often saw "100,000 gold jewelry" and felt that it was a huge fortune. In the Tang Dynasty, there was a saying that "there is 100,000 yuan in money... it can be understood through the spirit" (Zhang Gu's "Eternal Drama"). Taizu of Song once wanted to use a minister like Sang Weihan (Sang was dead at that time), and said that this person loved money too much and could not be used even if he was alive. Taizu said a very funny sentence: "I have a big cuo and a small eye. If I give him 100,000 guan, I will be blocked and destroyed!" (Note, there are many notes in the Song Dynasty, recorded from Chen Shan's "New Talk on Lice" Volume 2) which is amazing. I personally think that a hundred thousand coins may be described as today's financial freedom, which seems to be very suitable for the situation. Riding a crane was related to the ascension of the Taoist in . Cranes are considered to be a symbol of longevity, elegance and auspiciousness in ancient culture. Most immortals ride cranes. Adding the word "媠" in front of the crane means that they have the idea of being out of the world. Bai Juyi was an early poet who used the allusion of riding a crane. There is a line from his "Reward of Li Lianshi": "I once violated the dragon scales and tried to ride the crane's back to seek immortality." Jia Dao's "Youxian" also used it: "When you return, you don't ride a crane, you have your own wings." By the Song Dynasty, poetry and prose were used more.
100,000 guan, Qihe, and Yangzhou, how do these three come together? It can be said to be derived from Tang poetry. "House of 100,000 people, ride a crane to Yangzhou", which included the " Complete Tang Poems " compiled by the Qing people, titled "Talking about Aspirations". There is an explanation below: "A guest follows each other and each of them wants to be the governor of Yangzhou, or he wants to make more money, or he wants to ride a crane to rise. One person wants to combine three." Confucius has a famous saying: "Do you want to talk about your aspirations?" For all living beings, there seems to be no need to talk about the lofty aspirations.The three choices in the interpretation are very "down-to-earth" and at least "not pretending". It is rare to realize the three things separately, and mergers may be called the "highest ideal". Since ancient times, most Chinese people’s greatest wish is to become officials. If they can become officials in a wealthy and good place, they will never be able to find it. Yangzhou is a paradise on earth, and being a governor here is definitely a top-notch "beauty". In addition to being an official, everyone is envious of wealth and immortality. And there is one person with a very big appetite and wants to have these three good things: being the governor of Yangzhou, being rich in gold, and ascending on a crane; and combining them into one sentence - "Wrap a hundred thousand strings of cranes, riding a crane to Yangzhou" will be born! Oh, oh, oh! It is so fast that three beautiful things that people envy will be realized together! In the poem, Yangzhou originally means to be an official in Yangzhou. The word "shang" not only means to go or go (now often says: go to work, go to school, where to go), but also shows the meaning of ascension. It seems that "going to Yangzhou" is to go to heaven on earth and match it with riding a crane. The poem also has the spirit of fairy, depicting the freedom of attaining the Tao and ascending to heaven. After all, the use of 100,000 guan, riding crane and "Shangyangzhou" is derived from the word "desire". Many people want to have both fish and bear's paw. The ancients were good at refining. If they could simplify the cross into one word to metaphor for the three things, wouldn’t it be even better? Therefore, "Yangzhou He" became a proper noun, and the word "three things" was used in total, and the people of the Song Dynasty liked to use it. But the wise Su Shi has poured a bucket of cold water: "No flesh makes people thin, no bamboo makes people vulgar. ...Where are Yangzhou cranes in the world?" (" in the Qian Seng Lu Yunxuan ") There are so many fools!
From the literature, "House of 100,000 people, riding a crane to Yangzhou" was first seen in the Song Dynasty, such as Ge Lifang's "Rhyme of Yangqiu", monk's poems, etc., which had become songs and proverbs at that time, and the poems and the deeds of "Three Difficulties" were also seen in the Song Dynasty, such as the books "Shili Preparation" and "Ancient and Modern Affairs" (also included in the "Dongpo Poetry Collection" by Wang Shipeng ), and the source was written in "Novels", and later it was said that it was "Hong Kong Liang Liang Yin Yun's "Novels". This book has been lost for a long time, and it is collected by the "Yin Yun Novels" by people today. This article was included in the "Wu and Shu people" of the Three Kingdoms. Qing people Li Ciming " Yuemantang Diary " once identified the Yangzhou mentioned in "Yin Yun's Novels" as Jianye ( Jiangning ), which is not today's Yangzhou, so you can refer to it.
from the perspective of use, there were no combination of poems and essays before the Song Dynasty. To take a step back, the three things are used alone, and they also started in the Tang Dynasty. Therefore, the author believes that the collection of "Complete Tang Poems" seems to be more appropriate. The Tang people first said it alone, and then "three-in-one", and the Song Dynasty became a catchphrase and used it more widely. If it is an allusion from the Three Kingdoms period, why is the entire , the Six Dynasties , and the Tang Dynasty speechless? The rumor comes from "Yin Yun's Novel", and there is no conclusive evidence, so there is a high possibility of misinformation. Moreover, the establishment, application and fixation of poetry and prose allusions and images have their own processes. Considering that Yangzhou developed into a metropolis that people yearned for in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, it was unprecedentedly prosperous, so it was far more reasonable to cut off the appearance of this allusion in the Tang Dynasty than in the Three Kingdoms. Its true popularity and household name was in the Song Dynasty.
Please allow "thinking beautifully"
Nowadays people mock those who are fantastic. Every play says: "Thinking beautifully!" There is already a sigh of "beautiful things are not bothered" in the notes of the Song people. Volume 13 of Wang Yu's "Wild Collection" says: "'House 100,000 chunks of waist, ride a crane to Yangzhou'. How can the world be both good and good! Xiahou Jiazheng likes the alchemy stove, and wants to make imperial edicts for the master, and once said: 'Let me get half a tael of mercury silver, and three days of knowledge to make imperial edicts, it is enough for my whole life!' The second wish did not come true and died. Bai Letian abandoned his crown and returned, and trained his alchemy stove, but it was not completed, and the book had arrived. Things in the world are always like this. The work of nature cannot be used to be both an official and an immortal, so how can there be such a reason!" Bai Juyi and Xiahou Jiazheng both became "reverse models". A hundred thousand coins is the world's fortune, while riding a crane is the pleasure of becoming an immortal. You have to be an official in the wealthy Yangzhou. It is really a beautiful dream and is destined to be unable to realize it. I can only say "I think beautifully"!
Although it is "beautiful thinking", people must always be allowed to think; life is really hard, and if there is no more beautiful dreams and dreams, wouldn't it be hopeless? Since the Song Dynasty, "Upeng Yangzhou" has become an allusion, and has a special intention when it becomes popular, which is different from "Upeng Yangzhou".Wang Tinggui, a native of the Song Dynasty, said in "The Book of Liang Daoren to Borrow several volumes of the Alchemy Sutra to read without reading them all, and he would give them two poems to him after reading them without reading them" (first) said: "The Pill Sutra has sweat damaged several carts of oxen, and it is difficult to search on paper. When we meet, we have no 100,000 yuan to wrap our waists, and we will ride a crane to Yangzhou." This is to wish my friends to become immortals as soon as possible. Chen Yuyi "Answer the Yuan Fang Shu Huai Zhu" says: "If you don't see the round and talk about the nine streams, you will ride cranes to Yangzhou one after another", which is also a feeling. In the eyes of the scholars, "up to Yangzhou" may be unbearable, so they use it the opposite way, such as Ouyang Shoudao of the Southern Song Dynasty, "Inscription on the Moon Rock of Xingshanyuan": "People say that the waist and money ride a crane to Yangzhou, how is it like a monk traveling under the moon in the rock." This is the wonder of "walking to the end of the water, sitting and watching the clouds rise" is not comparable to that of "hugging money rides a crane to Yangzhou"! People are the most unfamiliar.
and the "Shangyangzhou" allusion are quite surprisingly renovated. For example, Zhang Kuo of the Southern Song Dynasty said in "Reading the Theory of Money": "If you don't want to spend 100,000 yuan to Yangzhou, how can you use a million yuan to pay for it!" Everyone envied. This person was not right, he liked to spend a million yuan to gamble. It’s also that everyone has their own ambitions and cannot be forced. The Southern Song Fan Chengda "Baiyunquan" says: "The dragon head is high and pecks and coughs and flows, and the jade sweet and sweet milk are floating. When you boil the spring and cook the hips, you will really become riding a crane to Yangzhou." It is beautiful to boil tea in the spring water; drinking tea to a certain level is wonderful; using "riding a crane to Yangzhou" to describe the wonderful tea environment, how stable and comfortable! This cannot be said to be based on the usage of the poems of the monks, and it is turned into gold.
Famous minister of the Jinyuan Yelu Chucai "Four Poems of Thoughts" (first) also uses "Shangyangzhou":
Wealth and glory are like gathering, and life is like water flowing eastward.
A kind person sighs at Yan's family for a short life, and a gentleman sighs at Bo Niu with a sick heart.
How can you ride a crane to Yangzhou without having to travel to the emperor's palace?
When will it get rid of the idle reins, and the smile is proud and the clouds are always free.
has limited space, and I do not intend to dissect the whole poem, but only read the third couplet, which means that when I think of being the governor of Yangzhou, there is a prerequisite for me to go to Beijing first and then I have the opportunity to be released. This is a big truth. Yelu Chucai said at the end of another song "Dream of Wansongsong in Puhua City": "Let's leave the world and go back, who can ride a crane to Yangzhou?" He pointed out directly that "Going to Yangzhou" is a dream of illusion.
In addition, Song Boren, a native of the Song Dynasty, wrote a poem called "Riding Crane Tower in Yangzhou". Because he knew that there was a Crane Tower in Yangzhou during the Song Dynasty, it can be seen that "the waist is 100,000 pieces, and the crane is riding up to Yangzhou" was deeply rooted in the hearts of the people at that time, and it turned "Riding Crane" from a literary imagination to a field landscape. According to the "Da Ming Yitong Zhi", this building is in the northeast of the city of Ming Dynasty; the Qing Dynasty's "Jiangnan Tong Zhi" says that it is located in the streets of Jiangdu County, but where is it now?
From the above citation analysis, it can be seen that "Shangyangzhou" is a "true brand" and is used the most. Especially literati and poets use Yangzhou allusions. Anyone who associates Yangzhou with 100,000 jin and riding cranes is more likely to be "up to Yangzhou" and fewer to be "down to Yangzhou". Although the difference is one word, it is rarely misused, which is enough to show that ancient literati had considered this allusion. Opera is already popular literature , and even literati plays are used in this way. It can be seen that it is meticulous. "Hi" Yang Jingxian's "Hi" in the Yuan Dynasty "Hi's Journey to the West " zaju has "tight two strands of gold hairpins, and how many cranes ride to Yangzhou." This is not a matter of being meticulous, but rather a meticulous reading and a meticulous creation of principles.
Qing Dynasty engraved version "Pingshantang Tuzhi"
Here are two Song and Ming literati who have used "upper and downward Yangzhou" at the same time to see the difference. Northern Song Dynasty Zou Hao "Recruiting Yu Qing Lao and Simplifying Zen Master Kangyuan" (first) says: "Hand money rides into Yangzhou, and you will go to waste everything. Only with three poles of wind and moon, I will wait for you to fish for the same boat." When you take the same boat with "Hand money rides into the crane", you will use "up to Yangzhou"; when you write the same boat with "up to Yangzhou" at the end of his "Send to Yu Qing Lao" says: "A drop of good news from Caoxi, I will go to Yangzhou for you", and when you use it with "row to Yangzhou". Interestingly, these two poems are written for Mr. Yu Qing, which can be said to be very knowledgeable. Let’s look at the Ming Dynasty Hu Yinglin . Two sentences in his "Present to Qishanren Bo Jian": "The fish come and go to the county, who can ride a crane to Yangzhou"; "Zhenzhou Coming Li Jixuan" starts: "The short boat comes east and never gets tired of wandering, and plays the flute and sway down to Yangzhou", and the eight poems of "Brief House Song" (eight) says: "The sky is like water in the twenty-four bridges, and the boat rides the moon under Yangzhou". There are also clear distinctions between the upper and lower parts and subtle knowledge.
Literary and poets are keen on their abilities, while monks of the Song Dynasty sometimes use "upper and down" mixed. Many monks and Zen poems written in Yangzhou during the Song Dynasty, and some of them confused "upper and downward Yangzhou". Buddhism emphasizes the wonderful enlightenment of the mind and method, and Zen masters like to use common sayings and catchphrases to try their best and meditate on the topic in order to gain Buddhist principles and Zen. Since "Riding a Crane to Yangzhou" has the wonder of flying immortals in the sun, what's wrong with Zen poetry? The Northern Song Dynasty Zen Master Shi Zhongren took it directly: "The scale hammer lifts oil, and lets stop talking. He has a crane with a crane." The Southern Song Dynasty , Shi Shi style , "The Twenty-Nine Poems of Ancient Ancients" (Thirteenth) also said: "The righteousness is broken from the relatives, and the poor is at the end of the rich. He has a crane with a crane." The "upgrading to Yangzhou" in these two places means transcendence and freedom in the religious sense. As mentioned earlier, there are also people who mixed the use of "Going to Yangzhou". The Southern Song Dynasty Shi Zonggao "Six Songs of the Ancients" (Fifth) says: "A finger is a good time, and you will have enough food. If you wrap your waist with a hundred thousand stakes, ride a crane to Yangzhou." Another example is Shi Daoyan's "Song Gu" (79th) says: "Ride a horse on a tall building, and you can get free from the north and west. It is best to wrap your waist with a hundred thousand stakes, and ride a crane to Yangzhou." The question is, why do monks occasionally use it with it? Perhaps because monk Zen poems are closer to vernacular poetry, they are close to the people; but the people do not distinguish them so carefully, and the people are mixed with "upper and downward Yangzhou", so monk Zen poems may follow the customs and have no certainty.
The wonder of
is that between the upper and lower virtual and realThrough the above review, it can be seen that "lower Yangzhou" and "upper Yangzhou" are two different allusions, with different meanings. Whether to use "lower" or "upper" depends on the situation. Anyone who expresses promotion and wealth, enjoys life, or pursues ascension to heaven and enlightenment, usually associates 100,000 chunks of traffic, riding a crane with "up to Yangzhou", which is often a spiritual false indicator; if you really want to go to Yangzhou (including farewell), or Yang Guang travels to Yangzhou to express the feeling of rise and fall, you will use "down to Yangzhou". In addition, there are some special cases that will not be described in detail. From a quantitative perspective, among the poems of all dynasties, "Under Yangzhou" and "Under Yangzhou" account for about half of the country, and there was no situation where one was extremely large, the other was extremely small, or one overwhelmed the other.
"The Book of Changes·Xici Shang" says: "The metaphysical one is called Tao, and is called is called utensils." In other words, "upward Yangzhou" is more about the imagination of the spiritual world, and one pillows on Huaian, floating in the celestial world, so it is used "metaphysical one is", so it is used "upward"; "downward Yangzhou" is more about the flow of real life, and it is actually true, and "immortality", so it is used "downward". In other words, "up" has the strength and high aspirations against the current; while "down" is the lingering and sadness of separation. From the perspective of poetry, it is like "Fireworks to Yangzhou in March", which may be slightly inconsistent with aesthetic habits and lacks the lingering thoughts and the melancholy of parting; it is like "Riding a crane to Yangzhou in spring", which is bright and clear, and much more harmonious. This shows that there are also subtle aesthetic psychological problems here.
Yangzhou picture in the Qianlong version of the Qing Dynasty "Southern Tour Ceremony"
Since modern times, there has been a widely circulated folk tune in my hometown " Picking Pomegranate ", which describes young men and women who cannot fall in love freely, so they "go to Yangzhou" to elope and pursue a better life. The man in the lyrics put forward the idea of "Going to Yangzhou", and the woman continued to sing: "I heard that going to Yangzhou is in my heart, I will follow you with a burden. I will come to Yangzhou and never look back..." Use "Going to Yangzhou" to symbolize the love paradise in my heart. This is in line with Chen Zilong's writing style in the late Ming Dynasty. Although the issues discussed in my clumsy article are small, because "the waist is 100,000, and the crane is riding up (bottom) Yangzhou" is a catchphrase, a happy event, and a "extraordinary heart", which is circulated on the people, and even included in ancient children's books (such as "Instructions for Young Learning"). I regret that many people are not careful about the formation of the era and the subtle differences, especially because I failed to understand the meticulousness of the ancient allusions, so I am not afraid of the cumbersome, and I will examine the whole story and consider the differences and differences. This may not be meaningless either. When people today talk about front-line metropolis, they must be called "North, Shang, Guang"; in the Middle Ages, Yangzhou was a well-deserved southeastern metropolis, or can be compared to today's Shanghai, so everyone yearned for the spirit.In short, this allusion was formed in the Tang Dynasty and popular in the Song Dynasty. It has remained unchanged so far. It is closely related to the wealth of Yangzhou in the southeast since the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the popularity of Buddhism and the social atmosphere of secular pleasure.
It has been three years since the epidemic, and everyone cannot help. I hope that the epidemic will disperse. Everyone, regardless of whether they have or not, ride a crane or an official in Yangzhou, can "go to Yangzhou" or "go to Yangzhou" anytime, anywhere, without any obstacles. How far is this day?
Editor in charge: Zheng Shiliang
Proofreading: Liu Wei
