In 1935, Red Army passed through the second occupation Zunyi , crossing the Chishui River four times, crossing the Wujiang River south, and the troops arrived at Guiyang, and escaped from the enemy's encirclement and interception. Chiang Kai-shek personally visited Guiyang to supervise the battle. In order to achieve the strategic goal of advancing to Yunnan and crossing the Jinsha River to the north to join the Red Fourth Front Army, the Red Army feinted the attack on Guiyang. Chiang Kai-shek urgently ordered Sun Du troops to "quickly" to Guiyang to "protect the troops". On April 8, 1935, while the main force of the Yunnan Army went east to Guiyang, the Red Army crossed the Hunan-Guizhou Highway and advanced from , Guizhou and to Yunnan. On April 23, the Central Red Army had more than 30,000 troops, and successively entered Pingyi County (now Fuyuan) in Qujing District, . The Red Army's "Transfer Tigers Out of Mountains" plan was successful. Chiang Kai-shek woke up as if he was in a dream and exclaimed that he was deceived. On the one hand, he asked the "King of Yunnan" Long Yun to mobilize troops to intercept the Red Army, and on the other hand, he urgently transferred Xue Yue to lead his troops to pursue the Red Army.
Qujing is the gateway to eastern Yunnan, only more than 100 kilometers away from the provincial capital Kunming, and its strategic position is very important. When the Red Army entered Qujing, the Kuomintang Yunnan Provincial Chairman Long Yun was very panicked. On the one hand, he called Chiang Kai-shek for help, and on the other hand, he urgently sent his independent regiment to cooperate with local armed forces to prevent blockades. On April 24, the Second Regiment of the First Forewar Division of the Red Army encountered Li Song's Independent Regiment sent by Long Yun to prevent the Red Army in Bailong Mountain on Fuyuan Camp, and defeated the enemy and annihilated more than one enemy company. The remaining enemy troops fled towards Zhanyi in the dark night. The next day, the Red Army continued to track and pursue Li Song's Independent Regiment to the Chexinkou area at the junction of Fuyuan and Zhanyi. The Third Regiment of the First Division of the Red Army and the Third Regiment cooperated with each other, killing more than 200 enemies. Li Song led the remaining troops to break through and fled into Qujing City at 3 o'clock in the evening. The Red Army won the victory in the Battle of Chexinkou.
On April 25, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting at Fuyuan Camp and made and timely issued the "Instructions on Eliminating the Enemy of the Baishui in Zhanyi Qujing" to the First, Third and Fifth Corps to eliminate the arrogance of the enemy, especially the Yunnan Army, to curb the enemy's attack, and eliminate interference on the road ahead.
According to the spirit of the central government's instructions, on April 26, the Red First Army headquarters set out from Fuyuan and entered Qujing through Zhanyi. The main forces of the Red Army were concentrated on Zhanyi, Baishui and Qujing, preparing to eliminate the brigade of An Enpu's chasing enemy. Due to the rapid advance of the Red Army and the main force of chasing the enemy was still in Guizhou, the Red Army's plan to annihilate the enemy's live forces was not realized. However, the Red Army positions deployed in the Baishui area of Zhanyi that day were bombarded by enemy planes twice, more than 20 Red Army soldiers were killed, and Yang Shangkun, the political commissar of the Third Corps, were injured.
The Red Ninth Army set out from Fuyuan and Zhanyi and arrived at Xuanwei Banqiao at around 5 pm. That night, the Red Ninth Army troops were divided into two groups: the Eighth Regiment was preparing to attack Xuanwei City; the military units, the Seventh Regiment and the Ninth Regiment carried out revolutionary propaganda and activities to fight against local tyrants and share wealth. Under the mobilization and leadership of early underground members of the Communist Party of China, local teachers He Zhengkun, Xu Wenlie and others, more than 70 people including progressive young people and students Fan Tonggong, Xu Wenli participated in the Red Army.
On April 27, the Eighth Regiment, led by Liu Xiongwu, a member of the Red Ninth Army Headquarters, and others, led by Liu Xiongwu, a man from Banqiao in Xuanwei, and the military-level organs, the Seventh and Ninth Regiments entered the city one after another. On that day, the Red Army released innocent victims, suppressed the evil extremists, opened the Kuomintang county government warehouse, and distributed materials to the poor. More than 200 poor young people and students in Xuanwei actively signed up to participate in the Red Army. On that day, the Fourth and Sixth Regiments of the Second Division of the Red First Army also conquered the Malong and county town in one fell swoop. The Red Army opened its warehouse to help the poor, released the detained working people, held a symposium for the masses from all walks of life to publicize the Communist Party's proposal to resist Japan and save the country. Liu Houqing, Yang Zhengqing and others who were released immediately joined the Red Army.
On the afternoon of April 27, the advance team of the Central Military Commission Column intercepted one car and truck for Yunnan Chairman Long Yun to deliver military supplies to Xue Yue on Noodianpo, and arrested five people. One of them was an adjutant of Xue Yue, the commander-in-chief of Chiang Kai-shek, the commander-in-chief of the army; more than 20 pieces of Yunnan military maps were seized, one of which was a 100,000-pack of Yunnan Baiyao, 1,000 bags and 400 bottles of Yunnan's precious local products such as Xuanwei ham and Pu'er tea were seized. Since then, the Long Yun presentation of the map has become a classic allusion for the Red Army to pass through Qujing, and has been passed down to this day.After the battle in Guanxia Village, the Red Army used the captured Yunnan military map to determine the precise marching route and the ferry crossing of the Jinsha River at , which played an important role in the Red Army's smooth crossing of the Jinsha River.
On the evening of April 27, Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Zhu De and other leaders of the Central Red Army headquarters camped at the Sanyuan Palace (now belonging to Qilin District ) in Malong County, and held a joint meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the Military Commission at the Sanyuan Palace. The meeting made a major strategic decision to go west and go north to quickly cross the Jinsha River and build a Soviet area in western Sichuan. The Sanyuan Palace Conference in the West Mountain of Qujing was an important meeting held during the Long March of the Red Army after the Zunyi Conference and the Thaxi Conference. It has great decisive significance for preserving the Red Army's vitality and implementing strategic transfers.
At 4 a.m. on April 28, the Central Military Commission Column set off from Sanyuan Palace in Xishan. The Red Army moved closer to the Jinsha River at a rapid march, successively conquering the county towns of xandian, Songming, and other counties, and attacked and occupied Yanglin's military station. From May 1 to 9, the Central Military Commission Column and the Red 1, 3 and 5th Corps crossed the Jinsha River from Jiaopingdu, Longjiedu and Hongmendu, and got rid of the encirclement and interception of hundreds of thousands of enemy troops, achieving a decisive victory in the strategic transfer since the Long March.
On April 29, the two Red Ninth Army troops gathered in Xuanwei Shanghai and advanced towards Huize . On the 30th, I successfully crossed the Niulan River. On May 2, the Huize County Town was captured. The Red Army expanded the Red Army in Huize by more than 1,500 people and raised nearly 100,000 silver dollars, becoming the largest number of people in the history of the Red Ninth Army's expansion of the Red Army, strengthening the revolutionary ranks. On May 5, the main force of the Red Ninth Army, led by the regiment commander Luo Binghui, political commissar He Changgong, and political department director Huang Huoqing, rushed from Tupingzi to Shuju Ferry to cross the Jinsha River, and successfully crossed the Jinsha River.
In order to preserve the revolutionary strength, the Second and Sixth Corps of the Second Red Front Army set out from Liujiaping and Ruitapu in Sangzhi County, Hunan on November 19, 1935, withdrew from the original revolutionary base area and began the Long March.
The Red Second and Sixth Army had more than 17,000 people. Under the leadership of He Long, Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying, Xiao Ke, Wang Zhen and others, they adopted flexible and maneuverable strategies and tactics. After more than three months of hard fighting on the borders of Hunan, Guizhou and Yunnan, they overcame many obstacles and jumped out of the enemy's encirclement. On March 20 and 21, 1936, they entered Xuanwei from Weining, Guizhou.
On March 22, the Red Second and Sixth Corps arrived in Laibinpu and Xutun, northeast of Xuanwei. He Long, Ren Bishi, Guan Xiangying, Xiao Ke and Wang Zhen decided to create a new revolutionary base in the north and south Panjiang area of the Yunnan-Guizhou border. That night, he learned that only one brigade of the Yunnan Army Liu Zhengfu of Xuanwei was guarding, and immediately ordered the Red Fifth Division to go to the steep hillside to block the Guo Rudong Column. The Red Sixth Division went to Shiyakou to gather and standby, preparing to take down Xuanwei City in one fell swoop.
At dawn on the 23rd, Liu Zhengfu traveled out of the city in full swing, occupied Hutou Mountain between Xuanwei City and Laibinpu, attempting to block the Red Army's advance towards Xuanwei. He Long went to the front to observe the terrain and decided to use the Red Sixth Division as the right wing and the Red Fourth Division as the left wing, and attack the enemy on both sides. After the battle started, the Red 11 and 47th Regiments first launched an attack and drove the enemy down to Hutou Mountain; the other main forces launched a counterattack on the whole line, and the Red 16th Division once broke into Liu Zhengfu's command post. At this moment, the Sundu Column Lu Daoyuan and Gong Shunbi came to reinforce, and Liu Zhengfu brigade also took the opportunity to counterattack, and the Red Army changed from fighting one brigade to fighting three brigades. The Red Army shrank its defense line and fought fiercely until late at night. As the enemy troops gathered more and more, He Long ordered the Red 11th Regiment to cover the transfer of the main force to Qiannan after the palace.
The Battle of Hutou Mountain in Xuanwei was the biggest battle carried out by the Red Second and Sixth Legions in Yunnan. The two sides invested more than 40,000 troops, including more than 17,000 Red Army troops, and a total of about 30,000 enemy troops. The battle dealt a heavy blow to the enemy who was chasing the enemy in front and behind. A total of nearly 1,000 enemies were killed and captured, and more than 400 guns of various types were seized. The Red Army also paid a great price, and more than 400 Red Army commanders and fighters died heroically. Although the battle failed to win, it defeated the enemy's arrogance and won the Red Army a short rest time and military initiative.
On March 24, the Red Second and Sixth Legions continued to move eastward. On the 25th, they arrived in Xuanwei Tianba, Haidai and other places for rest and recuperation. On the 26th, the Guo Rudong column of the Kuomintang Central Army chased to Baoshan and Geyi, confronting the second legion on both sides of the Gexiang River.
On the 27th, most of the Red Second Army arrived in Tucheng, Guizhou through Qijia and Baojia Village; when the Red Sixth Army passed through the Dam, they encountered two regiments of the Yunnan Army at Xixindian (Xixindian), and defeated the enemy. On March 28, the Red Second Army entered Guizhou from Xuanwei Tianba and captured Panxian County Town in one fell swoop.
On March 30, the Second and Sixth Corps of the Red Army again received instructions from the Red Army headquarters to cross the Jinsha River to go north. The General Command of the Legion held a meeting in Panxian County and decided to give up the establishment of a base on the border between Yunnan and Guizhou, quickly crossed the Jinsha River and headed north with the Red Fourth Front Army to welcome the new climax of the anti-Japanese national revolution.
The Red Second Army evacuated Pan County, Guizhou on April 1, entered Zhanyi through Fuyuan, and carried out revolutionary propaganda in Songlin. On April 6, he entered Xundian from Zhanyi. The Red Sixth Army departed from Pan County on April 1, passed through Fuyuan County, Saji, Yingshang, Nuogang, Chaoyangqing, and streams into Qujing, and arrived in Malong County on the 3rd. In Lujiazhuang, Malong County, an enemy reconnaissance plane once fired at the Red Army at a low altitude, but was hit and crashed by the Red Army. On April 5, he entered Xundian from Ma Long.
After the Second and Sixth Corps of the Second Front Army left Qujing, they conquered the Xundian County and launched a desperate battle with the enemy who was pursuing and intercepting them in Xundian Liujia, crushing the enemy's plan to encircle and annihilate the Red Army's plan to encircle and annihilate the Red Army east of the Pudu River and south of Gongshan, and advance into western Yunnan. In late April 1936, he successfully crossed the Jinsha River from Shigu, Lijiang, and arrived in Huining, Gansu in October to join the Party Central Committee and the Red Front Army, completing the Long March with great historical significance.
In 1935 and 1936, the First Red Front Army and the Second Red Front Army passed through Fuyuan, Zhanyi, Xuanwei, Qujing (now Qilin), Malong, Huize and other places in Qujing twice. The stay and transit time was about 30 days, with a journey of more than 2,000 miles, and more than 2,000 young people of all ethnic groups enthusiastically participated in the Red Army. The glorious footprints left by the older generation of proletarian revolutionaries such as Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, and Zhu De in Qujing are an important part of Qujing's red culture and have become a valuable asset for the Qujing people to commemorate the revolutionary tradition and carry out patriotic education.
Wang Qiguo
