in Japanese news Red Army leaders
Perhaps because it is almost the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Red Army's Long March, the number of texts about the Red Army has gradually increased recently. It should be said that the combat and development of the Red Army did have a great impact in that era, and even foreign newspapers and magazines reported their news from time to time. For example, in 1932, Louis Aili, who participated in a disaster relief operation in Hubei, reported to foreign countries that the "gunboat" of the Red Army Helong's unit was active in the Yangtze River.
I want to say that neighboring countries that were most concerned about the movements of the Red Army were the Soviet Union, the headquarters of the Communist Party at that time, and the other was Japan in the east. The reason why Japan cares so much about the Red Army is not that it also wants to carry out a revolution, but because Japan has always regarded itself as the cornerstone of anti-communism in the East before World War II, and is very worried about the mutual influence and response of the Communists at home and abroad. Until the Lugou Bridge Incident, the Japanese army invaded China in a large-scale manner, and its propaganda regarded "anti-communist" as one of its most important missions. Therefore, news about the Red Army often appears in Japanese news reports.
Although there are problems with the viewpoint, with the seriousness of the Japanese and the news reports they left at that time, they have become important historical materials for studying the Red Army today.
However, some contents will make people read like in the Wuliwu. Even experts who study the Red Army will doubt whether they read it wrong.
On October 26, 1932, the Osaka Asahi Shimbun published a report about the Red Army - "The Disaster of the Communist Bandits" written by its Shanghai Branch, which is a relatively comprehensive introduction to the Red Army in that era. The content is as follows (because it is a translation of the original text, among which the words "communist bandits" and "china" are not changed):
"The biggest trouble of the Chinese authorities now is the rampant communist bandits. If mistakes continue to occur in the policy of suppressing communist bandits, it can even be speculated that China will face the danger of collapse. Recently, the Nanjing government concentrated troops of 67 divisions and 12 brigades, and a total of more than 630,000 troops launched a battle to suppress bandits [ Translator's note: that is, the fourth encirclement of Chiang Kai-shek on Soviet area . For the troops used by the Nanjing government this time, the number used in China is usually 500,000] , Jiang Jie Shi set out from Hankou to supervise the war in the army, but he still failed despite the hard battle. The process of removing the traditional Kuomintang and and implementing extreme dictatorships carried out by Chiang Kai-shek is constantly deepening, and also relies on the background of the existence of the Communist bandits.
The base camp of the Communist Army is the seat of the Provisional Central Government of the Chinese Soviet , Ruijin, Jiangxi Province. Here, Zhu De, commander-in-chief of the First Legion of the Communist Army, and Mao Zedong, director of the Political Department, cooperated with each other, commanding 50,000 direct troops, plus Dong Zhentang's Fifth Legion and Chen Dongshan's The Sixth Army, combined with the 16,000 troops to which these two legions belonged, jointly established the most powerful and stable territory (Soviet). Its friendly army Peng Dehuai (the commander of the Third Legion, with about 41,000 troops) is closely linked to it. This Zhu , Dong , , Chen , , , , Chen , and , and the Peng 4 has a very broad range.
The government forces opposite it include Chen, Guangdong, located in the southwest of it, Jitang Army, Jiang Guangding's army, the 19th Route Army, which had just moved to Fujian in the east and the indigenous provincial defense forces. More importantly, He Yingqin's troops suppressed from the north. This army takes Nanchang as its base camp, and slowly presses forward. The Communist army, which is good at using terrain, adheres to its always calmness and moves towards the Fujian border with weak government forces, crosses the province, and threatens Xiamen Harbour from behind.
Now, as the birthplace of the Communist army, there are about 10,000 commands of Zhou Jianping from the northwest border, and about 40,000 troops of Kong Hechung from the northwest border are tenaciously resisting the Central Army.In addition to this, there are also the Second Corps of He Long's troops ( Duan Dechang , , , and Mangu's army, which have a total force of about 58,000 troops), and Zheng Xun, the commander-in-chief of the Fourth Corps who established a base in the junction of the three provinces of Anhui and Henan Province in Hubei. This time, Chiang Kai-shek, who was extremely disgusted with the threat of the Communist bandits in the Yangtze River Basin, set out from Hankou and fully commanded the battle against He Long's army. At the same time, He Chengrong and the Sichuan troops of Liu Xiang and attacked Zheng Xingjun from the east and west. In addition, Liu Zhijun, the deputy commander-in-chief of the bandit suppression army in the southwest, and Wang Junjun, the deputy commander-in-chief of the right wing, surrounded and attacked. After half a year of hard-working and courageous attacks day and night, he finally won. The He Long's troops, ranked second among the Communist warlords, were basically destroyed, and the Fourth Corps of the Communist Army, which Zheng showed was also completely expelled from Hubei Province. The rest of the troops are now in Henan and Anhui provinces, and can only maintain their remaining strength.
More than 600,000 troops with Chiang Kai-shek as the head commander encircled and suppressed the Communist bandits, eliminating the threats faced by the Yangtze River Basin. However, the Communist bandits are like flies. As long as the government troops slow down slightly, they will be a situation where all directions are rising. Moreover, the financial difficulties of the (KMT) central government are now at the point where civil servants cannot pay wages, and no one can say when their government forces will become communist bandits. Whether today's so-called victory is just a dream for Chiang Kai-shek is really a big question. , especially the Communist base in Jiangxi, is still as still as a mountain. The various troops on the government side, called government forces, actually have their own factions and are not unified. is just a loose alliance, and the so-called bandit suppression is not easy. The worries in China will become deeper and deeper. "
This is probably a rare article abroad that analyzes the fourth encirclement and anti-encirclement and suppression, especially its real-time nature makes it more valuable. However, some names that are unclear to us in this article reflect the one-sided nature of Japan's intelligence on China at that time.
For example, among the commanders of the Kuomintang, "Jiang Guangding" was obviously a mistake for "Jiang Guangnai", while "He Chengrong" was a mistake for "He Chengjun". In this way, the names of officials announced by the Kuomintang will be wrong. The key is that their names use obscene Chinese characters, and it is estimated that the reason for the mistake is not Japan. This is because the habit of Japanese news and intelligence at that time was that if Chinese names had rare Chinese characters that did not exist in Japanese, they would use Japanese Katakana instead. This habit continued until after the war. For example, Teresa Teng's character "Deng" was usually expressed in Japanese reports with similar pronunciation "Toトウ". The newspapers in the Kuomintang-controlled areas were mixed and the review was extremely rough. There were many things that made the name of the superior wrong, and they were even unwilling to change it just because they were lazy. Anyway, there was no system of typos and bonuses at that time, so if you were wrong, you should just read it. This tradition also had a long history, so that Tong Ling, deputy commander of the 29th Army during the July 7 Incident, in which the 29th Army was deputy commander of the 29th Army in the July 7th Incident, was not willing to change it. Anyway, there was no system of typos and bonuses. If you were wrong, you should just take a look. This tradition also had a long history, so that Tong Ling, deputy commander of the 29th Army, during the July 7th Incident, was Tong Ling, deputy commander of the 29th Army, was in trouble. After the death of the Pavilion, the martyrs certificate (reply of honor) given by the National Government was written incorrectly as "Tong Linge". The family members asked for modification but no one cared about it. In the end, they had to make mistakes.
Although they were enshrined in the Martyrs' Temple, the general would definitely say: If you don't change your name or not, I have never used this name in my life.
. There are more fallacies in the name of the Communist Party. It is speculated that there is really insufficient intelligence - but some of the names are strange, but they are forgotten people. The news from the Japanese side should be told to us. It provides an opportunity to look back at history.
Today, we might as well be the Holmes of history. It is undoubtedly interesting to be a proofreader.
The Communist Party and Red Army leaders appearing in this article include these:
Zhu De and Mao Zedong, which is undoubtedly correct, but listing them as commanders of the Red First Legion was obviously lagging behind. Zhu De served as the first commander of the Red First Legion, and Mao Zedong served as political commissar. When this report was released, the commanders of the First Legion were as follows: Lin Biao was the commander of the legion, Nie Rongzhen was the political commissar, Chen Qihan was the chief of staff, and Luo Ronghuan was the director of the political department.
Dong Zhentang, in the article, is the commander of the Fifth Legion, and Peng Dehuai is listed as the commander of the Third Legion, all of which are correct.
Chen Dongshan, the commander of the Red Sixth Army Regiment, is inexplicable. It seems that there is no such person in the Red Army, but he is actually ranked alongside Zhu De, Peng Dehuai and Dong Zhentang, which seems not completely fictional. Who would he be? To examine the history of the Red Sixth Army, this unit was not established until 1933, and it was impossible for it to appear in Jiangxi in 1932. It is speculated that the troops mentioned in the article are the "Red Sixth Army". There are several Red Sixth Army in the history of the Red Army. What we are talking about here may be the first Red Fourth Army. The so-called "Chen Dongshan" is a rumor that his deputy commander Chen Shoushan, but his activities range is in Hubei and he died in 1929. More likely, what we are talking about here is the rumors about the Red Sixth Army in southwest Jiangxi, "Chen Dongshan" that is its political commissar Chen Yi . Interestingly, in 1946, Chen Yi had a good story, named his son Chen Xiaolu after "Climbing the East Mountain and Xiaolu". How could the Japanese know about it in 1932?
Zhou Jianping, namely Zhou Jianping, the founder of the 10th Army of the Red Army. This is a veteran on the battlefield who had served as the chief of staff of the brigade in the Yunnan Army in 1923 and was extremely prestigious in the Red Army. The reason why he is not known to many people is that he was injured many times in the war and was in poor health. In 1938, he died of an old injury while serving as commander of the Fourth Division of the Jin-Cha-Hebei Military Region.
Kong Hepeng, few people know about it, but he is a very strange character in the Red Army. This person is very old-fashioned, has served as the Hunan Army, has participated in the revolution early, and has served as the commander of the 16th Red Army, but he rebelled in 1933 and became the number one traitor to the Red Army. During the War of Resistance Against Japan, he served as the commander of the 54th Division of the Kuomintang Army. There are many traitors from the Red Army, but it is unique to those who can still lead the troops in the national army. Later he was dismissed for corruption. After liberation, Kong opened a maternity and gynecology hospital with a pseudonym (just look at this profession), and was eventually arrested by the Ministry of Public Security and died of illness in 1956. It is exaggerating to say that he had 40,000 troops in 1932, but it is no problem for this person to write a book in his life.
He Long, the description of him is not enough, but it is generally true.
Duan Dechang in the red military strategist series stamps
Duan Dechang knew fewer people, but he was once the ever-winning general under He Long's troops. In the fourth phase of the Whampoa Military Academy, he was a classmate of Lin Biao and the commander of the 9th Division of the Red Third Army. He was killed in the left-leaning movement in 1933 and was included in the first batch of martyrs after the founding of the country.
The other two names are even more unfamiliar and even more incredible, that is, "Xiang Gu" and "Man Gu" who are included in the three generals under He Long's subordinates with Duan Dechang.
They will be recorded in Japanese news, which is completely beyond our expectations. They are two famous female generals of the Second Red Front Army. "Xiang Gu" is He Long's eldest sister He Ying , with the small name Xiang Gu.
He Ying is the prototype of Han Ying in "Honghu Red Guards". She died in battle in 1933
"Mangu" is He Long's sister He Mangu. She and He Ying are both excellent guerrilla commanders, and they are good at using double guns. However, she was unfortunately captured in 1928 and was killed by the White Army. It is speculated that the "Mangu" mentioned by the Japanese reporter here refers to He Long's little sister He Wumei. She and her two sisters are called the three sisters of the He family and are also excellent Red Army commanders. They died in battle with their sister He Ying in 1933.
Now it is estimated that very few people can remember the three He sisters, and those who can recall "Honghu Red Guards" and even "Honghu Water Waves" are about to be up forty years old. I didn’t expect that in that era, their names would appear in news reports from foreign countries, which shows that their influence at that time may be far beyond our understanding of the above.
, that may be considered a different kind of commemoration.
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