She is a product of the Revolution of 1911 in Xiuzhong, and is undoubtedly the origin of the organization for students of her alma mater to carry out patriotic, democratic, and autonomous activities. , Xu Tao, Tang Jialin, Wang Lishang.

The student self-government organization of our alma mater began during the Revolution of 1911 and lasted for about 40 years until the founding of New China. During these 40 years, we organized and led students from our alma mater to carry out various patriotic, school-loving and democratic self-governance activities for liberation. Based on relevant historical data, it is briefly described below in five periods.

From the Revolution of 1911, the "May 4th" Movement to the First Civil Revolutionary War (1911-1927)

(1) Autonomous Association

In January 1911 Dr. Wang Zhengting came to the school to give a lecture to promote the revolution. In November there were Ling Xichao and four other students secretly went to Shanghai to join the National Revolutionary Student Army. In 1912 (the first year of the Republic of China), 97 students from Xiuzhou Academy established the "Autonomous Association" (also known as the Autonomous Group). "The school was established with approval, and older students took charge of autonomous activities. The results were very good." This was the first purely student-organized autonomous group in the history of Xiuzhou Middle School, but there are no written records of its activities. She is a product of the Revolution of 1911 in Xiuzhong, and is undoubtedly the origin of the organization for students of her alma mater to carry out patriotic, democratic, and autonomous activities.

(2) Youth Association

In 1915, some students who believed in Christianity organized the "Youth Association". It was a religious service group. Its purpose was called "sacrifice" in the parlance of the time. It meant dedicated service. . Since the 1912 Self-Government Association did not survive, there was only one student group on campus, so it was responsible for all the work of democratic self-governance for students throughout the school. Its organizational structure has six departments: moral education, intellectual education, sports, group education, service, and business. It conducts evangelism, invites speakers, organizes competitions, orders books and newspapers, supplies supplies and other activities internally, and conducts children's Sunday school and popular lectures externally. , voluntary night classes, temporary fund-raising for disaster relief, celebrations and commemorations, etc. At that time, the lecture activities held every Sunday night included patriotic practical affairs, academic exchanges, lectures on literature, history and philosophy, etc. The content was very rich and attracted many students to participate. Later, some teachers also joined in to assist various ministries and help guide work.

The staff of the Youth Association began to be recorded after 1921. From 1921 to 1927, the seven presidents were: Chen Tianyu, Qian Yongzhi, Xu Jinghai (re-elected for two terms), Xu Tao, Tang Jialin (1924.4.8.), Wang Lishang .

Wang Fuquan, Gu Zhuoren, Xu Chengzu, Zhou Mingzhang, etc. have served as vice presidents. Yao Xikang, Huang Fengchi, Yu Cangquan, Bu Baochun, Chen Wei, Chen Xia, Xu Yinsheng, Wang Enci, Chu Yongwen, Jiang Wenzhu, Gu Wenyi and others served as secretaries, accountants and staff of various departments.

In addition to jointly organizing night schools for civilians and labor night schools with the Patriotic Association and the school city, the activities of the YMCA include: In April 1922, Chen Tianyu and Chen Xia went to Beijing to participate in the World Christian Student Alliance Conference and attracted the United States, India, Representatives from Myanmar , Philippines visited the school, gave lectures, and introduced student activities in various countries. In July 1922, 10 representatives of the Youth Association went to Soochow University in Suzhou to participate in the summer camp for middle school students in Anhui, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces; in October 1923, Youth President Xu Jingmei and teacher representative Huang Shijin went to Guangzhou to participate in the 9th National Youth Representative Conference; in October 1925, Jiaxing local government supported Xia Chao to cooperate with the Northern Expeditionary Army in fighting the warlord Sun Chuanfang. Staff of the Xiuzhong Youth Association went to the hospital every day to serve injured soldiers, and donated postage to write letters home on behalf of the injured soldiers. In February 1927, the Northern Expeditionary Army successfully marched into Jiaxing. Sun Chuanfang was defeated and plundered the city. The Youth Association set up a women's and children's refuge in the school to protect the people.

On April 20, 1927, the Youth Association, the Patriotic Association, and the School City merged to form a unified student union, and the Youth Association ended as a student self-governing organization.

(3) Patriotic Association

During the May 4th Movement in 1919, Xiuzhong students stood at the forefront of the movement and were the first to respond in Jiaxing. On May 9, all students of the school and people from all walks of life held a national humiliation commemoration meeting at the public stadium. Four to five thousand people attended the meeting. First, Zhu Xiaocheng gave a report, followed by a speech by a student from the provincial school, and finally Ge Jinggeng’s speech was even more impressive. So happy that after the meeting, they paraded throughout the city. The next day, May 10, more than 200 students in Xiuzhong united to establish the Patriotic Association out of patriotic passion and sense of responsibility. They also organized strikes and parades with middle schools in the city and took to the streets to give speeches to promote patriotism and national salvation. On June 2 of that year, the second edition of Shanghai's Shenbao published the full text of Xiuzhou Middle School's 10-Article Constitution.

The Patriotic Association takes "saving the country and the people" as its mission, and its organizational structure consists of two departments: a review department and a director. The Appraisal Department is composed of appraisers from all grades. It discusses, analyzes and evaluates national events, important current affairs and major action measures, and puts forward ideas, slogans and action suggestions. The Board of Directors is composed of six departments: General Affairs, Education, Industry, Investigation, Publishing, and Diplomacy. It is the executive agency responsible for implementing decisions made after discussion and review. It specifically organizes and carries out various important activities and handles daily affairs. In the second half of 1919, after the Jiaxing Student Union was established, the Xiuzhong Patriotic Association was renamed "Zhejiang Jiaxing Student Union Xiuzhou Middle School Branch" in accordance with the charter of the National Student Union (i.e., the National Federation of Students). Later, due to the invisibility of the National Federation of Students, in the autumn of 1921 Still renamed "Xiuzhou Middle School Patriotic Association".

From May to September 1919, the first president of the Patriotic Association was Ge Jinggeng, and the vice president was Yuan Boqiao. After the re-election in September of that year, the chairman and the chairman of the Senate were re-established. By April 1927, they were re-elected once every semester. According to the records of "Xiuzhou Bell", its main staff are as follows:

After the establishment of the Patriotic Association, it organized and led the students' external activities. The major actions were:

1. On June 2, 1919, a new patriotic drama was performed in the Jiaxing Lecture Hall. , propaganda against the decision of the Paris Peace Conference that Japan would take over various German privileges in Shandong, China, and demanded that the Beiyang government refused to sign the "Paris Peace Treaty". The audience reached more than 1,500 people. After the students returned home during the summer vacation, they developed more than 10 branches of the Hometown Patriotic Association to promote patriotic ideas and arouse people's anti-imperialist and patriotic. After that, they held national humiliation commemoration meetings every year and continued to carry out anti-imperialist and patriotic activities.

2. Anti-Japanese movement. A general strike was held on April 13, 1920. Protest against the Beiyang government’s arrest of patriotic students from Beijing and Tianjin to suppress the anti-Japanese movement. On April 26, students from the middle school were organized to leave school for two weeks to participate in the city-wide patriotic movement and launched a massive "boycott of Japanese goods", burning Japanese goods outside the east gate. They opposed Japanese imperialism and united with schools in the county to establish "Chinese Products Exhibition Center" promotes domestic products and boycotts Japanese products. On December 12 of the following year, the "National Diplomatic Support Association" was convened to march in support of the negotiations with Japan at the Nine-Nation Conference in Washington.

3. Fundraising account disaster. In March 1921, five provinces in North China were hit by severe drought. The Patriotic Association initiated joint preparations with all walks of life for emergency relief and held theatrical performances in public stadiums to raise funds for disaster relief.

4. Redemption route. From 1922 to 1923, the "Choose Money to Redeem Road (Jiaoji Road)" movement was carried out and the "Choose Money to Redeem Road Meeting" was organized, performing plays to raise funds, and going to the streets to raise funds. In May 1923, the first deposit of 77 yuan in the Bank of China was raised. After Qingdao was returned to China, more than 300 members of the "Money Savings and Redemption Association" each saved at least a corner of the ocean every month.

5. "May 30" Movement. On June 3, 1925, the Patriotic Association held a student meeting to protest against the British police in Shanghai who arrested patriotic students and shot patriotic people to death, causing the May 30th massacre. The teachers and students of the school decided to eat porridge instead at night, and remit the saved meal expenses and temporary funds raised to Shanghai to support the striking workers. On June 5th, classes were suspended to give lectures and raise funds, and 200 yuan was raised in one day.

6. Anti-drug campaign. In 1926, the Anti-Drug Campaign was launched to protect national health and oppose imperialism. On June 8, he took to the streets to give a publicity speech to arouse the public to reject and ban drugs.

7. Participate in student association activities. From 1919 to 1924, the student leaders of Xiuzhou Middle School, the highest institution of higher learning in Jiaxing at the time, participated in the leadership of the Jiaxing Student Federation. In 1919, the leader of the Patriotic Association, Ge Jinggeng and Mao Zhixiang, went to Beijing and Shanghai to participate in the National Student Union as a representative of the Jiaxing Student Union. At the joint meeting, Ge Jinggeng also spoke at the conference: Yuan Boqiao served as the vice president of the Jiaxing Student Union, participated in the All-Zhejiang Student Union Conference and was elected as a member. In 1920, Patriotic Association leader Xu Yinsheng (Xu Xu) represented the Jiaxing Student Union in the National Student Congress and the Zhejiang Student Congress. In 1922, he was elected as a representative of the Zhejiang Provincial Student Federation and went to Shanghai to attend the Fourth National Student Congress and participate in the Shanghai New Student Congress. Cultural promotion activities. In 1923, the Patriotic Association and schools in Jiaxing jointly reorganized the Jiaxing Student Union to strengthen patriotic activities. In 1924, the Patriotic Association elected Ni Ensheng, Sang Peihui and Ye Zhuangxiao as representatives to participate in the Jiaxing Student Federation Conference to revitalize the work of the Jiaxing Student Federation.

8. On March 15, 1923, the first issue of the annual magazine "Xiuzhou Bell" jointly founded by the Patriotic Association, School City, Youth Association, and Alumni Association was published. In 1923, the Patriotic Association and the school city jointly published the "Shishengbao".In 1924, the Patriotic Association independently published "Patriot News".

9. Carry out civilian education activities (see the article "Public Education in Alma Mater" for details).

Among the patriotic activities organized by the Patriotic Association as the main body, the troupe performances are especially famous. Whether it is speeches, plays, fund-raising, or parades, they all fully reflect the patriotic loyalty, courage, and enthusiasm of Xiu Middle School students. Shi Ying, the student leader at that time, described it this way in "A Brief History of Student Activities in Our School in the Past Thirty Years" ("Xiuzhou Bell" No. 8, 1929): "Running around in famous places all day long, no matter in the violent wind and rain, I was like a drowned rat. , not caring about making ham drying under the fierce sun, either giving a hoarse speech, or playing a touching drama, etc., I just stuffed my stomach hastily, and sometimes I went hungry; at night. Whether it's the floor or the dirt, just roll down and lie down. It doesn't matter whether you're tired during the day, mosquitoes or lice, there are only three words in everyone's mind: "For the motherland!" "For the motherland, even if I have to sacrifice my body, I will not hesitate!" "The spirit of sacrifice and hardship that worked tirelessly at that time aroused countless people! The opposition of the ignorant and the destruction of the rulers can not stop any of them. There are no traces of the Patriotic Association of our school in the cities and towns in western Zhejiang, and the seeds of patriotism are deeply planted in the hearts of the people!"

(4) The School City

The School City" (The School Gity) is Xiuzhou Middle School The unique student self-government organization was established from December 1, 1919 to April 20, 1927, when the school city, the Patriotic Association, and the Youth Association merged to establish a unified student union. This was under the influence of the new democratic trend of thought that year, and was founded by " The product of the great patriotism inspired by the May 4th Movement and the educational thoughts of Principal Dou Weisi, it was the main form of democratic self-governance for Xiu Middle School students at that time.

In 1919, Xiu Middle School students responded to the vigorous national "May 4th" revolutionary movement. The story of his willingness to sacrifice his life for the motherland was deeply praised by public opinion and the broad masses of the people. It turned out that some people had misunderstandings about missionary schools and believed that "students in missionary schools are not patriotic." At this time, Principal Dou Weisi suddenly realized. After returning from the teacher training program at Columbia University in the United States, I saw that the students' patriotic movement was so enthusiastic, organized, and step-by-step, and I was deeply impressed by it, so I introduced to Xiu the "school city" that was newly implemented by American schools. Middle school students are supported by teachers and welcomed by students. Because this basic spirit of "school city" originates from the democratic idea of ​​"teaching democracy"; it is also the origin of Principal Dou Weisi's educational thought - Dewey. The "education is life", "school is society" and "learning by doing" that are advocated are the embodiment of Dewey's educational thought. Yan Yangchu, Chen Heqin, Huang Yanpei, etc. all highly praised this educational idea. Therefore, Xiuzhong's "school city" was indeed at the forefront of the educational intellectual community at that time. The "school city" regarded the school as a society. , students are all citizens in society, and citizens enjoy democracy and exercise autonomy in society. The organizational structure of Xiu Middle School City at that time was to imitate the "three powers" of capitalist countries, and was divided into three parts:

A. Legislative Department—— It is the city council.

It is composed of the speaker and members of each grade. Its function is to pass laws that benefit the school and the citizens, supervise and impeach important employees of the city for absenteeism or illegal behavior, and represent the public will of the citizens of each grade in the council. Proposal and voting.

B. The Administration Department - that is, the City Hall.

is composed of the mayor and the heads of departments. Its functions are to promote the implementation of all school rules and regulations. Employees serve the public.

1. Police Department: It is composed of the section chief’s assembly team, inspection team, dormitory team, warning team, detective team and members of each team. Its functions are to interfere with all irregular behaviors of citizens, admonish or assist citizens to maintain public order, etc.

2. Diplomacy Department: Its functions are to receive visits from outsiders, contact work with various school groups, maintain relationships, and negotiate matters related to communication barriers.

3. Hygiene Department: Its function is to prevent the accumulation of filth everywhere in the school and urge citizens to keep it clean. It is divided into nursing team, clothing team, catering team and housing team to protect the health and appearance of citizens.

4. Education Department: Its function is to promote education, such as publishing magazines and popular lectures, running compulsory schools, inviting celebrities to give speeches, developing citizens' ideas and improving citizens' knowledge, etc.

5. Savings Section: Its function is to promote citizens to advocate thrift. It has a bank where citizens can save or borrow money at any time.

On March 1, 1923, the 14th school city added a catering department. At first, I just did some work such as checking food hygiene and maintaining order in the dining room. After the autumn of 1923, all catering work was handed over to the Catering Department, with a section chief, a deputy chief each, and two catering assistants.

C. Ministry of Justice - that is, the Municipal Court.

The "Municipal Court" consists of 3 judges, 2 recorders, and a lawyer and secretary. Its functions are to hear citizen litigation cases, resolve all disputes, and determine the merits of the prosecutor and the defendant.

The staff of the above three departments, including the Speaker of the Legislative Department, the Mayor of the Executive Department, and the Judge Advocate of the Ministry of Justice, are all elected by all citizens using a double-registration method, and those with a majority are elected. Councilors are elected by each grade level. The chiefs of each section of the administrative department and the clerks of the Ministry of Justice are selected and appointed by the mayor and magistrates, but they must be approved by the parliament before they can be established. Staff in all departments are appointed for half-term terms.

D. Compulsory post office.

External parts and letters are distributed by the post office. Students who need stamps or postcards can also buy them from the post office. The people involved are all junior students. They are lively, conscientious, amiable and helpful to the public.

The school city has played a very good role and achieved very good results. It is quite famous in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. Many schools from other places come to visit Xiuzhong. On July 5, 1924, at the National Education Exhibition held in Nanjing, Principal Xiuzhong was invited to give a speech on "School City". The school city at that time was truly "autonomous" in name. It not only relieves many burdens on school administration and reduces many chores for teachers, but also makes students less subject to a lot of tyranny in faculty management. They can freely develop their body and mind, develop various morals from doing things, and obtain various things that cannot be obtained in books. It also communicates many issues in the relationship between students, schools and teachers, and promotes a good atmosphere of unity and harmony in which "school is like family, teachers are like parents, and classmates are like brothers". More importantly, the purpose of promoting real education can be successfully realized, cultivating complete citizens who are trained in democracy and autonomy, have moral character, talent, all-round development, and can serve the country and society - in today's terms. That is to say, to achieve the purpose of quality education.

The "school city" is indeed serious about performing its duties. Taking the municipal court as an example, there are four court cases recorded in "Xiuzhou Bell": the first court hearing on the theft case on December 16, 1919; On the 16th, two lawsuits were heard; on January 15, 1923, the city council organized a special court to hear the police chief's violation of the law; in May 1925, the theft case was tried. Yuan Boqiao, an old alumnus and educator who graduated in 1921, wrote an article and recalled that the school's court really helped students develop good morals and good behavior. "I remember that one day, a senior classmate took three English exercise books from a junior classmate. , When I asked about it, I was scolded. The young classmate was so sad that he dared to be angry but did not dare to speak. When I heard about it, I and Ni Qingyuan Jun and Xu Xujun spent half a day to help him. The lawsuit was brought to court, and the three of us took the initiative to defend him in court. As a result, the senior classmate was fined and suspended for one month, and his right to vote and stand for election was cut off for half a year. Although the matter is small, we act fairly and upright in society today. The spirit must be said to have been developed at that time."