Nobel Prize , Shaw Prize , Wolf Prize, National Medal of Science , Crafford Medal , Fields Medal , Franklin Medal, Dirac Medal, Lasker Medal , Pritzker Prize and Turing Award are internationally recognized comprehensive or professional science and technology awards. The winners are all leaders and leaders in their respective disciplines and science and technology fields. Through these 11 awards and the analysis of the origins of the winners of the "National Highest Technology Award" who are all Chinese in mainland China, we can take a closer look at the places in China that produce the most high-end scientific and technological talents.
Leader in Applied Mathematics - Lin Jiaqiao
Let us first understand these 12 awards and see how many Chinese have won these awards.
1. The Nobel Prize (excluding Literature Prize and Peace Prize)
The Nobel Prize was founded in 1895 with part of the legacy of Swedish famous chemist Alfred Bernhard Nobel as a fund. . The Nobel Prize originally established five awards: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace. It was first awarded in 1901. In 1968, the "Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences" was added. As of 2018, the Nobel Prize has been awarded to 24 groups and 903 individuals. Among them, Chinese winners in the field of natural sciences include Li Zhengdao, Zhu Diwen, Ting Zhaozhong, Yang Zhenning, Qian Yongjian, Cui Qi, Li Yuanzhe, Gao Kun, Tu Youyou and other 9 people.
2. The Shaw Awards (Hong Kong, China)
The Shaw Awards were founded in November 2002 by Sir Run Run Shaw, the famous Hong Kong film producer . The Shaw Prize Foundation selects scientists who have made achievements in mathematics, medicine and astronomy in the world every year and awards the prize with a bonus of US$1 million (later increased to US$1.2 million). The Shaw Prize is an international award, known as the "Oriental Nobel Prize", that recognizes scientists whose academic and scientific research achievements have had a profound impact on human life. The award-winning Chinese are Lin Jiaqiao, Jian Yuewei, Wu Wenjun, Chen Shengshen and Wang Xiaodong.
3. Wolf Prize (excluding awards in the art field)
On January 1, 1976, R. Wolff and his family donated US$10 million to establish the Wolf Foundation and establish the Wolf Prize, mainly To reward individuals who have made outstanding contributions to promoting human science and art civilization, they are selected once a year and awarded five awards in agriculture, physics, chemistry, mathematics, and medicine, with a bonus of US$100,000. Yuan Longping, Yang Xiangfa, Yau Shing-tung , Qian Yongjian, Chen Shengshen, Deng Qingyun , Wu Jianxiong and others won the prize.
4. The U.S. National Medal of Science (excluding the social science part)
The U.S. National Medal of Science was established by the U.S. Congress in 1959. The National Medal of Science is the highest science award in the United States, and the awarding organization is the National Medal of Science Committee. The first award was given in 1962, and the medal was awarded by the President of the United States. Chen Shengshen, Wu Jianxiong, Lin Tongyan, Li Yuanzhe, Yang Zhenning, Zhuo Yihe, Zhu Jingwu, Qiu Chengtong, Feng Yuanzhen, Qian Xu are the Chinese winners of this award.
Mr. Prestressed - Lin Tongyan
5. Mainland China’s National Highest Science and Technology Award
The National Highest Science and Technology Award is the highest level award among Mainland China’s science and technology awards. It has been awarded since 2000 and is reviewed annually (there are vacancies). It is awarded each time No more than two individuals with outstanding achievements in science and technology and great social contributions will be awarded certificates of honor and a bonus of 5 million yuan. Only 500,000 yuan of the prize money belongs to the winner personally, and the other 4.5 million yuan is chosen by the winner on his own topic and used as scientific research funds. There are a total of 29 winners of this award over the years.
6. Crafford Prize
The Crafford Prize was established by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 1980. The awarding disciplines include mathematics, earth sciences, astronomy and biological sciences. It is awarded once a year to reward outstanding achievements in one of the disciplines. The prize is $500,000. The award-winning Chinese is Yau Shing-tung.
7. Fields Medal (Mathematics)
The Fields Medal is an international mathematics award. It was first awarded in 1936 and is regarded as the Nobel Prize in mathematics.The award is held at an award ceremony at the International Mathematical Union's quadrennial International Congress of Mathematicians, and is awarded each time to two to four young mathematicians who have made outstanding contributions. The winner must be under the age of 40 before New Year's Day of that year. The prize is a bonus of 15,000 Canadian dollars and a gold medal. There are 2 Chinese winners of this award.
8. Franklin Medal (Physics)
The Franklin Medal was established in 1914. The prize is a gold medal awarded to those who have made outstanding contributions in the fields of physics and technology. Chen Ning Yang is one of the recipients of the medal.
9, Dirac Medal (Physics)
The Dirac Medal is an annual award established by the International Center for Theoretical Physics in 1985 in memory of the British physicist Dirac. It is the highest honor in theoretical and mathematical physics and is not awarded to recipients of the Nobel Prize, Fields Medal and Wolf Medal. The Chinese who won the award are Zhang Shousheng and Li Yada.
10. Lasker Award (Medicine)
The Lasker Award for Medicine is the most prestigious biomedical award in the United States and is second only to the Nobel Prize in the medical field. The award was established in 1946 to recognize scientists, doctors and public service personnel who have made outstanding contributions in the field of medicine. The Chinese award-winners include Tu Youyou, Li Zhuohao , and Li Minqiu.
11. Pritzker Prize (Architecture)
The Pritzker Prize is an award for architects initiated in 1979 by Jay Pritzker and his wife Cindy and sponsored by the Hyatt Foundation. This award is known as the "Nobel Prize in Architecture". There are two Chinese winners: Ieoh Ming Pei and Wang Shu .
12. Turing Award (Computer)
was established by the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) in 1966 to specifically reward individuals who have made important contributions to the computer industry. In 2000, Yao Qizhi won the award.
Master of Architecture - I.M. Pei
The list of winners of the twelve awards and the specific distribution of their birthplaces are as follows:
Suzhou City 4 people: Li Zhengdao ( Suzhou, Jiangsu ) I.M. Pei (Suzhou, Jiangsu) Steven Chu ( Taicang, Jiangsu ) Wu Jianxiong (Taicang, Jiangsu);
Fuzhou City 4 people: Lin Jiaqiao (Fuzhou, Fujian) Lin Tongyan (Fuzhou, Fujian) Zhuo Yihe (Fuzhou, Fujian) Wu Mengchao (Minqing, Fujian);
Tianjin City 3 people: Xie Jialin (Tianjin Wuqing) Yu Min (Tianjin Ninghe) Liu Dongsheng (Tianjin);
Changzhou City 3 people: Jin Yilian (Jiangsu Changzhou) Hou Yunde (Jiangsu Changzhou) Feng Yuanzhen (Jiangsu Wujin);
Jiaxing City 3 people: Chen Shengshen (Zhejiang) Xiushui) Wu Wenjun ( Jiaxing, Zhejiang) Huang Kun (Jiaxing, Zhejiang);
Shanghai 2 people: Gao Kun (Shanghai Jinshan) Wang Xiaomo (Shanghai Jinshan);
Ningbo City 2 people: Tu Youyou (Ningbo, Zhejiang) Zheng Zhe Min (Yin County, Zhejiang);
Taiwan Island2 people: Li Yuanzhe (Hsinchu, Taiwan) Yang Xiangfa (Tainan, Taiwan);
Jiangmen City2 people: Zhu Jingwu (Taishan, Guangdong) Li Yada (Xinhui, Guangdong);
Hangzhou City2 people: Qian Yongjian (Lin'an, Zhejiang) Qian Xu (Hangzhou, Zhejiang);
Hong Kong District2 people: Terence Tao (Hong Kong) Deng Qingyun (Yuan Long, Hong Kong);
Huangshan City2 people: Wu Zhengyi (She County, Anhui) Cheng Kaijia (Huizhou, Anhui);
Wenzhou City 2 people: Xu Yasheng (Yongjia, Zhejiang) Gu Chaohao (Wenzhou, Zhejiang);
The father of optical fiber - Gao Kun
Baoding City 1 people: Shi Changxu (Xushui, Hebei); Xiaogan City 1 people: Yao Qizhi (Hubei Xiaochang); Luliang City 1 people: Wang Shu (Lüliang, Shanxi); Tieling City 1 people: Wang Yongzhi (Liaoning Changtu); Dalian City 1 people: Sun Jiadong (Liaoning Wafangdian); Shenyang City 1 People: Zhao Zhongxian (Xinmin, Liaoning); 8 people in Jilin City: Wang Zeshan (Jilin, Jilin); 8 people in Yangzhou City: Zhang Shousheng (Gaoyou, Jiangsu); 1 person in Wuxi City: Wang Xuan (Wuxi, Jiangsu); 1 person in Taizhou City: Wang Zhenyi (Xing, Jiangsu) Chemical); 8 people in Nanjing City: Wu Liangyong (Nanjing, Jiangsu); 8 people in Huzhou City: Min Enze (Wuxing, Zhejiang); 8 people in Shaoxing City: Xu Guangxian (Shangyu, Zhejiang); 8 people in Jiujiang City: Yuan Longping (De'an, Jiangxi); Rizhao City staff: Ding Zhaozhong (Rizhao, Shandong); Zibo City: Li Zhensheng (Zibo, Shandong); Yantai City: Wang Zhongcheng (Shandong Yantai); Binzhou City: Zhang Cunhao (Shandong Wudi); Hefei City: Yang Zhenning (Hefei, Anhui); Anqing city 1 people: Ye Duzheng (Anqing, Anhui); Pingdingshan 1 people: Cui Qi (Baofeng, Henan); Xinxiang City 1 people: Wang Xiaodong (Xinxiang, Henan); Meizhou City 1 people: Qiu Chengtong (Jiaoling, Guangdong); Foshan City 1 people: Jian Yuewei (Guangdong Shunde ); Guangzhou City 1 people: Li Zhuohao (Guangdong Panyu ); Zhaoqing City 1 people: Li Minqiu (Guangdong ).
According to the place of birth of the above winners, the regions with 4 winners are Fuzhou City and Suzhou City. Fuzhou and Suzhou were the places with the largest number of Zhengke Jinshi and Zhengke Zhuangyuan respectively in ancient China. The prefecture-level cities and municipalities with 3 winners are Tianjin City, Changzhou City (Jiangsu), and Jiaxing City (Zhejiang). The municipalities with two winners include Shanghai, prefecture-level cities (including so-called sub-provincial cities) include Jiangmen City in Guangdong Province, Ningbo City, Hangzhou City, and Wenzhou City in Zhejiang Province, and Huangshan City in Anhui Province. In addition, there are There is Taiwan Island and the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
In terms of county and city (city) distribution, there are 3 people in Fuzhou, Fujian, and 2 people each in Suzhou, Jiangsu, Taicang, Jiangsu, Changzhou, Jiangsu, and Jiaxing, Zhejiang.
