mentioned the Spring and Autumn Period Lu State before. In the Changqing District of Jinan, Shandong, it is actually a sub-state of Qi State. The state of Lu to be mentioned here is the state of Lu in the Shang dynasty, which appears in the third, fourth and fifth period of inscriptions. In the inscriptions, it is recorded as Lu Fang, and the country of Lu is the earl. In the inscriptions, there are several Lu Bos whose names are unknown. Lu Fang is different from the Central Plains people, he is called "Lu Rong" in history books. The geographical location of Lu State, according to the "Kuo Di Zhi" records: " Fangzhou Zhushan County and Jinzhou, ancient Lu Guoye. " Jinzhou, which is now Ankang City, Shaanxi, that is to say, the Shang Dynasty Lu State is today Zhushan County, Hubei and Jinkang City, Shaanxi. However, it is also said that Lu was in Lushi County, Henan during the Yin and Shang Dynasties, and was caused by the inability of the Shang King to move south during the late Shang Dynasty. Since then, Lu people have been here through the late Shang Dynasty and the Western Zhou Dynasty until the Spring and Autumn Period. Generally speaking, the aboriginals in the southwest are mostly called "man". Judging from the name "Lu Rong", it may indeed have migrated from the west.
青铜炉器
Lu's predecessor is "Lu", and "Lu" is not the original character of "Lu", and the oracle bone inscription of "Lu" is "虎头 or" Animal bone ", underneath is the shape of "stove with 鬲", meaning " stewed tiger head or animal bone in the furnace". In the oracle bone inscriptions, "Lu" is used as a sacrificial name besides the name of the country: Lu Ji. Lu Ji is a custom of dividing the skin and bones of animals for sacrifice. The objects of sacrifice are mostly maternal ancestors, and the separated animal bones are put into the stove to be stewed. The early Lu tribe may have been popular in this kind of Lu sacrifice, or Ludi had this kind of stew vessel, the name of Lu may be derived from this.
Lu’s Oracle
Lu State has become a subject of Shang as early as the Wuding period. A large jade ge was unearthed from Anyang Fuhao Tomb, with the inscription: 卢方都入戈五. All, the name of the monarch of Lu Fang, Lu Fang paid five tribute to the king of Shang. This piece of jade can convey the following information: During the Wuding period, Lu was a subject of Shang and gave him an earl; at that time, the relationship was good, and Lu Bo went to the Yin Capital to pay tribute, and recorded the incident on this jade; This jade weapon appeared in the tomb of Fuhao. It is very likely that Lu’s surrender was related to Fuhao, or that Fuhao had conquered Lu Fang. From this well-made jade, we can see that Lu Fang’s weaponry was made. The maturity of craftsmanship can also be used as a symbol of Lu's military strength. After Wuding, Lu Fang may begin to rebel. The inscription: "甲戌卜, the next day King B will look for Lu Bo, not rain. " Search, the name of the sacrificial ritual, this oracle may be the same as the Shang Wang taking Lu Bo to sacrifice to heaven. Rain related. It shows that Lu has been rebelled by Shang Wang and Lu Bo has been captured. The king of Shang directly took the leader of the Fang country to offer sacrifices. Generally speaking, it was because of a rebellious plot.
西周史密簋
In the late Shang Dynasty, the relationship between the State of Lu and the Shang dynasty had been completely frozen, and it seemed that there was a deep hatred. There is an inscription recording "...Lu... …代……" The meaning is not correct, but what is shocking is that this inscription was carved on Lu Bo's skull. Generally speaking, the materials for divination inscriptions are mainly derived from tortoise shells, but there are also scapulas and skulls derived from animals, such as bull head, deer head, tiger bone, and a human skull called 人头刻词. However, human skulls are generally the main leader of the enemy country or the patriarch of the Fang country, which is relatively rare. At present, the "skull carved human Fang Bo" has been found to be carved on the human head. The phenomenon of using skulls as inscriptions or vessels was also a popular custom in the Yin and Shang dynasties. It was called "head hunting". The head of an enemy country was beheaded to sacrifice to the ancestor and then his skull was taken to record the incident with the engraving on it. For example, in the Spring and Autumn Period, Zhao Xiangzi contacted Han Wei Mie Zhibo's family to paint Zhibo's skull and use it as a wine glass.
At the end of the Shang Dynasty, Lu State did not hesitate to take refuge in the Zhou tribe, and was honored to be a member of the "Eight Oaths of Shepherd", and used this method to retaliate against the Shang Dynasty. Lu Guo had an active performance in the Battle of Muye, so he was able to re-canonize at the beginning of the Western Zhou Dynasty and became Zhou's cronies, guarding southern Xinjiang for the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the 1980s, a bronze ware with multiple inscriptions "史密簋" was unearthed in Ankang County, Shaanxi Province in the 1980s. It describes the rebellion of Dongyi in the middle and late Western Zhou Dynasty. The king of Zhou ordered the Zhou Dynasty generals Shi Mi and Shishu to lead the tiger. Fang and Lu's army marched eastward. It can be seen that from Lu Guo to the middle and late Western Zhou DynastyStill serving the Zhou royal family, and the strength is good.
史密簋inscription
Entering the Spring and Autumn Period, with the rise of Chu State, Lu State, like all the surrounding vassal states, ushered in the first cold winter since the Western Zhou Dynasty. In order to contain the State of Chu, the State of Lu often alliances with neighboring countries. The "Thirteen Years of Zuo Zhuan·Huan Gong" records: " Luo and Lu Rong two army. " said it was 700 BC. Luo State attacked Chu army last year and decided to retaliate against Luo State. Luo State knew that he was invincible and contacted Lu State as a helper, so there was "Luo and Lu Rong". From a geographical point of view, Lu is in the west, Luo is in the east, and Chu is under attack from the east and the west. This time, due to the underestimation of the enemy by Mo Ao, the highest command of the Chu state, the Chu army was defeated and Mo Ao committed suicide and apologized. A few years later, the Chu State retaliated and destroyed the Luo State. It could also destroy the Lu State. However, it is also said that there is Gu Yong State in Zhushan County, and Yong Lu is next to it, and Lu State was destroyed by Yong State.
Text/Weir Wind
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