Yuan Dynasty mostly restored map
Kublai Khan, Beijing City as the founder of the heartland of the country! Z9z
In 1206, Emperor Taizu Temujin established the Mongol Empire. In 1215, Genghis Khan conquered the central capital (now Beijing) and burned the original golden central capital with a fire. In 1206, Genghis Khan’s grandson, Kublai Khan, succeeded to the throne of the Great Khan. In 1267, Kublai officially moved his capital to the Central Capital and selected Liu Bingzhong to design and build Yuanda Capital City here. In 1271 (to the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty), Kublai Khan’s national name was "Daeyuan", and in the second year, 1272, he gave the edict to change the capital from Zhongdu to Dadu and officially existed as the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. It was from this time that Beijing City, for the first time in Chinese history, existed as the heart of the country and the political, economic, and cultural center of the Chinese civilization.
Yuan Dadu planner and designer Liu Bingzhong
After more than 700 years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, until today, the special status of Beijing City has not changed. Before that, Beijing only existed as a local government of Ji and Yan.
At that time, the planning and construction scale of Yuanda Capital reached the highest level of urban development in ancient China. Even the capitals of the Ming and Qing Dynasties were developed and established on this basis, and they were much smaller than the capitals of the Yuan Dynasty. . In addition, the construction style of Yuan Dadu is also quite special, which is quite different from the Ming and Qing Dynasties.
Yuan Dadu Map
Why is Dayuan Dadu like the same, there are almost no remains in only 700 years?
In history, what did the great Yuanda look like? In fact, with the migration of the dynasty, there are only a handful of traces left by the Yuan Dynasty. Among the historical factors:
, the first one, is related to the migration and reconstruction of the original Yuan capital city wall in the Ming Dynasty.
In that year, Emperor Yuan Shun was defeated and Xu Da invaded Yuan Dadu. At that time, the people to the north of Yuan Dadu city were scarce and it was very empty. In order to prevent the Yuan army from counterattacking, the people's supply line was too far and not timely. They sent people to move the north wall of the city to the south, and then built a new city wall built of soil, and arranged in the shape of Japanese characters, so that there is no need to worry about the problem that the people will not be able to supply supplies once a war begins.
In 1371, the wall that was built later became the boundary, and the area from this section of the wall to the north was completely abolished. These included the Anzhen Gate and Jiande Gate on the northern wall, and the Guangxi Gate and Suqing Gate on the east and west walls. These four gates were also abolished and demolished.
Then, although the city walls included in the new metropolis were not demolished at the time, they were also abolished by Zhu Yuanzhang. They were just used as a spare for the temporary arch of the city.
Then, in the period of Zhu Di, in the fourth year of Yongle, Zhu Di moved the capital to Beijing, and then ordered the southern wall of Beijing to be moved to the south by two miles, so the southern wall of the Yuan Dynasty was also abolished and demolished. stay.
Until the end of the Yuan Dynasty, the southern city wall of the Yuan Dynasty was almost eroded by wind and rain with only a few mounds left, and they were called "Laid-off" and "Shang-gang" by people. Then, in the Qing Dynasty, even these mounds were gone. There is really no trace left.
Second, the architectural style of the Yuan capital city wall, especially the city wall, is destined to not have a long life.
If you want to get a glimpse of the old city of Dayuan, it is not so easy in today's Beijing.
At present, judging from the available historical data, the appearance of Yuan Dadu is actually different from what we see today in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, especially in the style of city wall construction.
Most Yuan Yuan viewed from the gates of the city wall. There are turrets on the four corners of the city, and there are gate towers on each gate.moat.
Chongtian Gate of Yuan Capital City
Chongtian Gate Plan Recovery Imagination
Looking at the city wall of Yuan Capital City, its shape is roughly trapezoidal, that is to say, the base is wide and the top is narrow. And it is made of whole soil, not directly built with bricks or stones.
The method of constructing Yuandadu city wall is roughly as follows: first dig the foundation, then erect slabs on both sides, then fill, ram, refill, and then ram... This continues continuously, and every time the rammed soil is higher, its When the board will also raise a layer. After the city wall is rammed, the riser can be removed. This method of casting walls is actually more like the earth walls of some courtyards in our rural areas, but the aura looks bigger and more solid.
Because the city walls of Yuandadu were rammed with pure soil, it is easily affected by external factors such as weather, so there are not many that can be spread to the present.
So why didn't Kublai Khan not choose brickwork for the walls of Yuan Dadu? Are you cutting corners?
is actually not. It has something to do with the personalities of the northern nomads. The Yuanmeng regime was founded by a nation that "ridden on horseback to fight the world". In the Kublai era, due to the habit of fighting everywhere, Kublai Khan almost never stopped. In order to save people's and financial resources as much as possible, when the capital was newly built, except for the western corner of the city wall was slightly covered with bricks, the rest of the city wall was made of exposed rammed earth.
If you are more interested in the city walls of the Yuan Dynasty, you can still find some traces in Beijing at present. If you go to Andingmen and Beitucheng outside Deshengmen, you can basically see them. The ruins of the walls of the Yuan Dynasty still remain there.
Yuan Dadu’s city wall ruins
At present, between the third and fourth ring roads in the north of Beijing, there is a 9-kilometer-long belt park. To the vicinity of Shaoyaoju, and there is a small river running through it. This is the "Yuan Dadu Tucheng Ruins Park" where Beijing City can find the relics of Dayuan. This area, if viewed from an airplane, is simply the "green waist" of Beijing. Moreover, it is still rarely known here, Beijing's largest emergency shelter.
Yuandadu ruins map
However, what needs to be explained here is that the ruins of the Yuandadu city wall we saw today in Beitucheng are actually hardly original, because it presents the form to the world, not all of them are rammed It is made of soil, but a layer of bricks was laid on the periphery. This layer of clad bricks was also built to reinforce the wall during the Ming Dynasty.
Of course, it was this layer of bricks built by the Ming Dynasty that made it possible today. We can still vaguely feel the remnants of the cultural relics of the Great Yuan city wall. Otherwise, the relics of Yuan Dadu can be said to be made of earth embryos. No matter what the stone is, it will not be able to endure 700 years of wind and rain and survive to this day.
"Written by Chunjia Tongan, under the pen name Hongluo, this article is original, unauthorized reproduction is prohibited! Welcome to leave a message, discuss, and be grateful for attention! 』Z1z
