Uganda is located in eastern Africa, spanning the equator, adjacent to Kenya in the east, Tanzania and Rwanda in the south, CONGO (DPRK) in the west, and South Sudan in the north, with a total area of 241,500 square kilometers. Most of the entire territory is located in East African Plateau , with many lakes, with an average altitude of 1,000 to 1,200 meters, and is known as the "plateau water town". The term Uganda was originally the name of the Bagandas by coastal residents of East Africa - Buganda . Europeans expanded its meaning to neighboring areas from the late 19th to the early 20th century.
In the 1870s, British colonists attempted to annex all parts of Uganda, blocked by the Kingdom of Bunioro. In the late 1970s, the British and French Christian Churches visited the Kingdom of Buganda to preach. They interfere in politics, causing sectarian disputes. Years of war caused the Buganda Kingdom to decline rapidly.
1890, the British army invaded Buganda. Captain Frederick Lugard, the agent of the Royal British East Africa Company (later the governor of Hong Kong Lugar ), forced King Mwanga of Buganda to sign a protection treaty with him twice. In June 1894, the British government signed a new contract with Buganda, and Buganda officially became the British protector. Then, in 1896, the United Kingdom expanded its protection scope to the entire territory of Uganda.
People from all over Uganda fought tenaciously against the British aggression. In 1893, Britain sent troops to invade the Kingdom of Bunioro, and King Cabarrega led some people to carry out a six-year guerrilla war. In 1897, King Mwanga of Buganda raised troops to fight against Britain, and later joined Cabarrega in the Lango area. In April 1899, the two kings were captured and the uprising failed. In order to facilitate rule, Britain preserved feudal kingdoms such as Buganda, Bunioro, Toro, and Ankole, among which Buganda retained more rights. But the administrative power is controlled by British colonial officials headed by the Governor. It was not until after that individual Africans were allowed to participate in the administrative and legislative bodies of the colonial authorities. Economically, the UK has turned Uganda into a supply of agricultural products such as cotton and coffee, and has tried its best to hinder Africans from developing their own business and processing industries. After the First World War
After the First World War , the long-term dissatisfaction of the Ugandan people with colonial rule finally broke out. In 1918, a national general strike and a rural commotion broke out. In 1919, Buganda launched another democratic movement under the leadership of the Bataka Party and the Uganda African Peasant Union. In 1921, Uganda's first national political party, the Uganda National Congress Party was established, and it put forward requirements for implementing universal suffrage, establishing an autonomous government, and controlling the economy by Africans. From 1921 to 1928, the Ugandan people fought to demand the release of King Mutesa II of Buganda who was exiled in Britain. In the late 120s, the United Kingdom carried out constitutional reforms aimed at autonomy in Uganda. At the end of 1931, three major political parties were formed in Uganda: the Ugandan People's Congress Party, the Democratic Party, and the Kabakayeka Party. In March 1931, Uganda held its first general election, with the Democratic Party winning, and Benedicto Kiwanuka was appointed chief minister. In March 1932, Uganda implemented autonomy and Kiwanuka served as Prime Minister of the Government. In April of the same year, Uganda held another general election, and the alliance formed by the People's Congress Party and Kabakayeka Party won and a two-party joint autonomous government was established. According to the agreement of the Uganda Constitutional Conference held in London from June to July 1932, Uganda declared independence on October 9, 1932.
Uganda and Kenya, Tanzania, Burundi and Rwanda formed East African Community , established a unified economic market in 2010, and will devote its efforts to merge into a unified federal state- East African Federation in 2015. Uganda was once called the "Pearl of Africa" by former British Prime Minister Churchill .
