There were two peasant uprisings in the late Qing Dynasty, namely the Taiping Rebellion during the Xianfeng period and the Boxer Movement during the Guangxu period.
Taiping Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan, Yang Xiuqing and others in 1850, initiated the Jintian Rebellion and captured Nanjing in 1851 and established the Taiping Rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion lasted for 14 years. The forces occupied more than half of China, launched several campaigns, and even approached Tianjin. It was not until 1872 that the last team of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was annihilated in Guizhou, which also heralded that the Taiping Rebellion completely withdrew from the stage of history.
In contrast, the Boxer Movement, which occurred from 1899 to 1900, has ended. Why is it also a peasant uprising? The Boxer Movement did not have the same momentum as the Taiping Rebellion. I personally think there are two factors.
First, the goals of the two are different. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom used Western religious thought to develop believers, and insisted on resisting the Qing rule with the ultimate goal of "clothing and ploughing with land". The Boxers were the product of Western imperialists oppressing China. They resisted the imperialist aggression headed by Britain and France with the slogan "Support the Qing Dynasty and destroy the foreign countries." They were later betrayed by the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, Cixi, and annihilated by the Qing Dynasty and the British and French imperialist countries.
Second, the development systems of the two are different. After the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom occupied Nanjing, it was renamed Tianjing and the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom was established. Hong Xiuquan became the Heavenly King and opposed the Qing government. The Boxer Rebellion emerged in Shandong, mainly developed in Beijing-Tianjin, Shandong and other regions. Each region has its own altar opening, and there is no unified management during wartime. Only unite in wartime.
In short, all peasant uprisings in history have their own limitations and compromises. Therefore, throughout history, no peasant uprising has ever succeeded.
