"The King of Qin sweeps Liuhe, and he looks at He Xiongzai."
Since the Qin unified China, there have been 408 emperors large and small in Chinese history, and there are only a handful of emperors known as “one emperor”. Qin Wang Yingzheng is one of them. What I said, the thinker of the Ming Dynasty, Li Zhi, clearly stated in his Book Collection · Biography of the Century. is an emperor through the ages. ”
was born in Qin Shihuang in 259 BC, was in power. For 36 years, it was the first monarch to use the title of "Emperor" in Chinese history. However, the Qin Dynasty Group ruled for a short time. After only two terms, it was replaced by the three-year-old Liu Bang, the first emperor of Qin Dynasty. Therefore, there is very little letter history left. The records about the appearance and height of this emperor can only be explored from the "Historical Records".
Sima Qian quoted Wei Liao’s admonition to his good friend Li Si in the "Historical Records of the First Emperor of Qin", telling the characteristics of Qin Shihuang's appearance: " Qin Wang is a human, bee-like, long-eyed, sincere Birds, jackals, little grace and tiger wolf heart , it is easy to get out of people, and it is easy to be able to eat people.
Qin Shihuang, "bee quasi", that is, the quasi head of the bee (feng, feng) long, It is a big nose, Mr. Guo Moruo thinks it is "saddle nose"; "long eyes", long eyes, Because the traditional characters "长" (长) are very similar to "horse" (horse), Mr. Guo Moruo thinks it should be The clerical error in the ripping should be "马目" , which resembles the raised eyes of a horse; "Bird of prey", whose chest is straightened like a ferocious bird of prey; "Jackal", the voice is low, like a jackal, That is to say, the legendary "Eagle looks at the wolf", with less kindness but more tiger-wolf heart. When the status is low, the attitude is very low, and once the will is achieved, it will be rampant.
Similarly, in the "Historical Family of Yue Wang Goujian" Fan Li also wrote to a good friend in the article, run away quickly, otherwise you will end up miserably. 's evaluation of Yue Wang Goujian is exactly the same, "Yue Wang is a human, with a long-necked bird beak, can we share adversity, can't we have fun? "
It can be seen that Qin Shihuang and Yue King Goujian have a common appearance feature, that is, they are like birds of prey. This is considered to be keen, fierce, and violent in ancient physiology such as "Lunheng" by Wang Chong of the Eastern Han Dynasty.
There are two other Chinese celebrities with similar looks, one is Sima Yi, the other is Yuan Shikai, Prince Gong Aixinjueluo Puwei in the late Qing Dynasty, once in the "Ranguo Imperial Conference Diary" It was pointed out that " Yuan Shikai Ying looks at the wolf, and has a long history of countermeasures, so Jing Yueting called him Zhongda (Sima Yi) second. "
And the facial features of Qin Shihuang's "Bird's Infection" were also combined with "Jackal" by Mr. Guo Moruo, who speculated that he suffered from chondritis when he was young and was tortured by bronchitis.
Guo Moruo’s overall evaluation of Qin Shihuang is frail, sickly, psychologically distorted, and ferocious. .
But this view, historian Jian Bozan does not approve.
History records Qin Shihuang’s mother, Zhao Ji, is "extremely beautiful and good at dancing." Because Qin Shihuang’s mother Zhao Ji is a well-known beauty, Jian Bozan argues from the perspective of genetics: If he has some mother's inheritance, he should be one A handsome and beautiful young man.
Moreover, during the Warring States period, there was no strict rule of rulership. At this time, Qin’s rulership only relied on “择勇猛者立之”. From Yan Liben’s "Pictures of Emperors of Successive Dynasties" and the unearthed statues of Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses can also recognize Qin Shihuang's appearance.
If Qin Shihuang is as ugly and disabled as Mr. Guo Moruo's "Ten Criticisms" said, the 36-year-old Liu Bang witnessed it with his own eyes When the 39-year-old Qin Shihuang went on tour, how could he sigh: 嗟題! The big man should be like this!
And according to the Song Dynasty "Tai Ping Yu Lan" records: "Qin Shi Huang's name , Hukou, Sunhorn, Big Eye, Long Zhun, 8 feet 6 inches long,Daqiwei. ”
A foot in Song Dynasty is 31.2 cm, multiplied by 8.6, it is 268 cm, which is higher than 226 Yao Ming, which is obviously unlikely.
But if one foot in Qin is equal to 23.1 Cm, the height of Qin Shihuang should be 198.66cm, which is higher than the average Guanzhong Han. Considering the average height of Qin terracotta warriors and horses unearthed is 185cm, the highest height of the generals is 195cm, so the data of Qin Shihuang's height of 198cm is more credible .
"There is a thousand Hamlet in the eyes of a thousand people. ”
Do you think Qin Shihuang looks like a vicious and insignificant, or is he tall and mighty?
[References]
"Historical Records" [Western Han Dynasty] Sima Qian
"Lunheng" [Eastern Han Dynasty] Wang Chong
"Rang Guo Yuqian Conference Diary" [Qing] Aixin Jueluo·Puwei
Thesis: "Guo Moruo's Evaluation of Qin Shihuang's Humble Opinions——by A few letters between Guo Moruo and Jian Bozan "Wang Jing
