In recent years of historical film and television dramas, it seems that the Qing Dynasty has the most "braid drama". It is also very common from the Qin and Han Dynasties to the Tang, Song and Ming Dynasties. It is relatively rare to reflect the themes of the Jin, the Southern and Northern Dynasties and the Yuan Dynasty. Especially the former, in my impression, it seems that only King Lanling and Sister Mulan have been in the eyes of the film and television company.
Everything exists is reasonable. Therefore, whether it is the romance of the Wei and Jin Dynasties or the style of the Wei and Jin Dynasties, there are very few opportunities to appear on large and small screens. Those wonderful stories and characters can only be hidden in the dust and few people know.
For example, if you want to ask who is the earliest female emperor in the history of our country, some people will definitely say that it is Wu Zetian, or maybe they will point out that Zetian is not only the earliest and only female emperor of our country. In fact, this answer is wrong-the earliest female emperor in Chinese history is called Yuan Girl, who is the only flesh and blood of Yuan Xu, Emperor Xiaoming of the Northern Wei Dynasty, although this poor baby has been an empress in less than a day.
Another example is to ask who is the best eunuch in history, the answer may be very diverse. For example, Zhao Gao, Li Fuguo, Tong Guan, or the outstanding representatives of the Ming Dynasty, Wei Zhongxian, Liu Jin, Wang Zhen and so on.
I thought that this "honor" should fall on Zong Ai in the Northern Wei Dynasty-Zhao Gao killed a trash emperor Hu Hai, Zong Ai killed two emperors and one king. Indirectly killed a prince, including the generation of the hero Taiwu Emperor Tuoba Tao; Li Fuguo and Tong Guan sealed the king as eunuchs, but the first person in history to receive this "honor" was Zong Ai; Wei Zhongxian The great eunuchs of the Ming dynasty slayed and killed the ministers to be majestic, but how could Zongai pick up the prime minister like slaughtering chickens and dogs?
Today, let’s talk about the story of this strange but very capable eunuch.
When Zong Ai killed Tuoba Tao, he might have unintentionally changed the course of history.
From the first year of Dengguo (AD 386), Tuobagui rebuilt the country to the third year of Yongxi (AD 534) Gao Huan established Yuan Shanjian as the emperor and established the Eastern Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty had a total of 20 emperors and Xiangguo Zuo 148 years (if the "Yuanwei" theory is used, Guozuo is 171 years). Among these 20 emperors, there are probably three that are more effective, namely Tuobagui, the founding emperor of Taoism, Tuobatao, the Taiwu Emperor who unified the north, and Emperor Xiaowen, Yuanhong, who carried out the Sinicization reform. Among them, Tuobatao was in the administration of martial arts. Undoubtedly the most outstanding.
During his reign, he attacked Hu Xia, Beiyan, Beiliang and other separatist regimes, and defeated foreign barbarians such as Goguryeo, Shanshan, Qiuci, Shule, and Yanqi. Regained Henan, which was occupied by Liu Song in the Southern Dynasty, and unified the north. However, Tuoba Tao did not think that he was successful and he sealed his sword. Instead, he expedition to Rouran 13 times in succession, and "creeping (that is, Rouran) also flew northward and dare not return to the south." (Book of Wei·Volume 1 Hundred Three · Biographies Ninety-one), Xiang Nan not only played Liu Yilong, the emperor of the Song Dynasty, who had great ambitions and talents, "Yuanjia hastily, sealed the wolf to live in the subordinates, and won the arrogant north", he was also interested in drinking horses on the banks of the Yangtze River and sighed, There is no end to this!" ("Southern History · Volume 15 · Biographies Fifth" Liu Song's famous general Tan Daoji died unjustly at the hands of Liu Yilong, making Tuoba Tao regretfully missed the battle with him) His majestic plan and good combat strategy The name, even the Southern Song dynasty, who is the enemy of the dead, has to be admired:
"(Tuoba Tao) The heroic figure of martial arts, the past, although the predator of bravery is brave, the strong of sandalwood , Can't make it." ("Song Shu·Volume Ninety-Five·Biography Fifty-fifth")
Tuoba Tao is not only martial arts, but also his achievements in literary governance. He often patrols places to "save compassion for the orphans and ask the people's hardships" ("Wei Shu · Volume Four · Shizu Ji"), and take measures to encourage the development of agricultural mulberry, reduce and exempt common people's taxes from time to time, and implement a policy of rest with the people. At the same time, he reformed the official system, purged the administration of officials; relied on Han officials, advocated Confucianism, and even had a spirit of the rule of law:
" (Tuoba Tao) Chang said:'The Dharma, I share the same with the world, so how dare to take it lightly. 'Therefore, the minister broke the law and has nothing tolerate. Ya Chang listened, and in an instant, there was no way for the servants to hide." (quoted above)
At this time, Tuoba Tao was only 45 years old, exactly one When the emperor was young and strong. And he can notSuch an achievement has been achieved in 30 years. If God gives him another 20 or even 10 years, Tuoba Tao will march south and end the division and chaos that has lasted for 200 years in the land of China. The Great Wei Empire, which was as strong as the Han and Tang Dynasties, is probably not an illusion.
In this way, where is the turn of Sui Wen Emperor Yang Jian to dominate the world again? It is even harder to say whether his nephew Li Yuan's head can still be named "Tang Gaozong".
In this way, when we descendants count the outstanding emperors of the past dynasties such as Qin Huang, Han Wu and Tang Zong Song Zu, we must leave a place for Wei Shizu Tuoba Tao anyway?
In this way, what will China's history look like?
But God didn’t seem to want to see Tuoba very much, so he airborne them a Zong Ai-in the 2nd year of Zhengping (AD 452), the eunuch Zong Ai killed Tuoba Tao, and the Northern Wei Dynasty fell into In the continuous civil strife, 16 emperors were replaced in 1982, and they were finally usurped by the power officials Gao Huan and Yu Wentai, and split into the Eastern and Western Wei Dynasty.
Zong Ai’s first knife to kill the lord, slashed towards Prince Tuoba Huang.
In the dynasty history of more than two thousand years in China, almost all foreign regimes (except the Qing Dynasty) that have entered the Central Plains have a bad problem, that is, they are too lazy to tell history. This has led to such ruthless people as Zong Ai who once killed two emperors and killed princes, princes, and prime ministers as common as chicken slaughtering. There are very few records in history books. So today we have no idea about his origin, nationality, native place, and early experience. We only know that he was castrated as an eunuch because of his conviction. Probably because Zong Ai was born to be a minion, he served Tuoba Tao so well that the emperor's whole body was uncomfortable when other people changed classes. So Zong Ai became a close eunuch Tuoba Tao couldn't leave, and was promoted to Zhongchang attendant. In the eleventh year of Taiping Zhenjun (450 AD), the Southern Emperor of Song Wen, Liu Yilong, launched the Yuanjia Northern Expedition. He was beaten by Tuoba Tao with a headache. Not to mention, the army of the Northern Wei Dynasty also took advantage of the situation to chase and realize the "drinking of the Yangtze River". Long-cherished wish. Tuoba Tao was overjoyed and rewarded the officials, and Zong Ai was able to award Qin Jun Gong.
During this period, the relationship between Zong Ai and Prince Tuoba Huang deteriorated sharply, which made him have the idea of killing the Prince.
It is said that in China's thousands of years of history, although the eunuch has done bad things, very few people dare to attack their masters. What's more, the old man of the prince's family is still alive, even Liang Jingru can't give Zong Ai such courage, right?
Liang Jingru can't give it, but Tuoba Tao can.
This matter should start with "Taiwu destroying Buddha". The reason why Tuoba Tao was not pleasing to Buddhism was because he believed in the Tao of Tianshi (the reign was changed to "Taiping Zhenjun"), and the other was that the monks and nuns at that time did not abide by the rules and it is said that when they messed up He was also bumped into by His Majesty the Emperor, making him abhorrent. But the most important reason was that Shamen contained a large number of non-productive and non-taxable people, and occupied a large amount of land and property, which had a negative impact on Tuoba Tao's ambition to dominate the world.
It was Taiping Zhenjun's five years (AD 444) that the Huren Gaiwu launched a rebellion that prompted him to kill the killer. Many monks are suspected of participating. The furious Tuoba Tao ordered the slaughter of Shamen in Chang'an and burned all Buddhist statues in the world.
Now Prince Tuoba Huang, who is completely different from his father’s beliefs, quit:
"Prince Huang is very good at Buddhism, but he does not listen to it repeatedly. For the sake of calculation. Shamen hides and is exempted, or collects scripture images, but those who live in the Wei realm have no relics in the tower temple.” ("Zi Zhi Tong Jian·Volume 124·Song Ji Sixth")
Prince's little arm can't break the emperor's thigh, all the temples in the Northern Wei Dynasty were demolished, and the believers were also unlucky. As Tuoba Tao’s number one dogleg, Zong Ai did not do much, especially those who were out of punishment were often mentally perverted-once this guy arrested more than 300 monks and nuns, he ordered them to commit adultery in the temple. Immediately beheaded, the scene was unbearable and terrible.
Tuoba Huang was furious when he heard the news, so he ordered the Chou Ni Daosheng, the minister Ren Pingcheng and others in the East Palace to collect the illegal behavior of Zong Ai, and he was ready to teach this slave who was against him. Speaking of Zongai’s misbehavior, she has always acted presumptuously, and there are countless crimes. Once the prince stabbed Tuoba Tao, who has the spirit of the rule of law, if this guy can end up with a whole body, it will be regarded as the ancestral grave. .
Zong Ai was frightened, and desperately had no choice but to risk making up a lie to deceive the emperor, saying that the enemy Ni Daosheng and Ren Pingcheng were rebelling against the prince. For any emperor to rebel, he would rather believe in what he had or not. In his rage, Tuoba Tao not only beheaded Qiu Ni Daosheng and Ren Pingcheng, but many princes and close officials were also put to death. Tuoba Huang quickly died of illness at the age of 24.
In order to protect herself, Zong Ai not only chose to kill the king, but also to kill Tuoba Tao's successor.
It seems that Laozi believes in Buddhism, his son believes in Buddhism and can live together peacefully, which seems to only appear in the magical eastern continent. However, although Tuoba Tao and his son Tuoba Huang have dissatisfaction and dissatisfaction with his son Tuoba Huang on the issue of belief, after all, the father and son are connected. And even though Tuoba Tao has 5 sons (a total of 11 were born, 7 died early), Tuoba Huang is the most outstanding when it comes to being smart and sensible:
"(Tuoba Huang) Minghui is strong in knowledge If you hear it, you will not forget it. It is long and easy to read the history of the classics, all with great righteousness. The ancestors are very strange." ("Wei Shu · Volume Four · Di Ji Fourth")
Besides, this prince has already cultivated nearly For 20 years, the familiarity and understanding of government affairs is not comparable to other sons. When Tuoba Tao led his troops on the expedition, Tuoba Huang supervised the country as a prince. He handled political affairs in a clear-cut manner, and was highly trusted by the emperor and praised by his courtiers.
Such an excellent successor said that he would die if he died. It is impossible for Tuoba Tao not to regret or be sad. And he slowly discovered that the so-called evidence of the prince’s rebellion by the ministers was mostly random fabrications and could not stand scrutiny at all, so he cast his suspicion on Zong Ai, the initiator of the incident.
It is said that wild beasts do not eat humans under normal circumstances, but once you taste the taste of human flesh, the situation becomes different. At this time, you must find a way to kill such beasts, otherwise they eat marrow. In the future, you will enjoy cannibalism. The same was true for Zong Ai. Since he had killed a prince indirectly, it would not be so difficult to kill another emperor.
Zong Ai quickly completed the psychological construction of killing the king. In the second year of Zhengping (AD 452), "Zhongchang Shizong loved to rebel, and the emperor collapsed in Yongan Palace" ("Northern History·Volume II·Wei Benji" second").
The details about Zongai’s death of the king were given by Xianbei’s rough and sloppy history. We only know that he suffocated or strangled Tuoba Tao when he was drunk. Zong Ai personally made it. Then under his coercion and lure, the imperial doctor gave the emperor's death because of overwork and drunken death.
The emperor seems to be extremely noble and supreme, but the power in his hands is expired and invalidated. If the king does not die, the ministers will definitely show the determination and attitude of pursuing the case to the end and breaking the murderer into pieces; but since the emperor is dead, the ministers are most concerned not about how the emperor died. It's who their next master is.
Therefore, what Zong Ai waits for next is not his arrest and trial, but the quarrel among the ministers over which prince should take over the throne. Among them, Shang Shu Zuo Pu She Lan Yan and Shi Zhong He Tu plan to make Tuoba Han, the third son of Tuoba Tao, as the emperor, while Xue Ti, the other servant Zhong, thinks that according to the law, the first prince Tuoba Huang's son should be established. The eldest son Tuoba Jun. Both sides couldn't convince each other for a while, so no one could be the emperor.
Zong Ai first hid aside and watched the limelight, and found that no one was pursuing her crime of slaying the king, immediately had the idea of continuing to fight for power. He was dissatisfied with Tuoba Han and Tuoba Jun, the two new candidates, because the former had a disharmony with him, and the latter had a vengeance against him. In order to keep the power in his hand and even control the new monarch, he decided to elect Tuoba Yu, the youngest son of Tuoba Tao.
In order to prevent future troubles, the murder has been killedThe handy Zong Ai raised his butcher knife again:
"(Zong Ai) Naomi Yingyu entered the ban from the middle palace, Jiao said that Queen Helian ordered Zhaoyan to wait. Waiting for love is so cheap, no doubt, All follow in. Love first envoys thirty eunuchs to fall into the ban with their soldiers, and wait to enter, tie them down and cut them down; kill Qin Wanghan in Yongxiang and stay surplus." ("Zhizhitongjian·Volume 100 Twenty-sixth Songji Eighth")
After Tuobayu ascended the throne, he surrendered to Zong Ai, and appointed the latter as the Grand Sima, the General, the Taishi, and the military governor of China and foreign countries. King Yi.
Zong Ai, who was born as a minion, has no idea of usurping the throne, and naturally it will not be better.
Regardless of whether it is in the order of ethics or age, the emperor has no turn to be Tuobayu, so no one has taught him how to do this unique job in the world. It depends on self-realization and self-study.
Although it is not clear about the age of Tuoba Yu when he took the throne, it is certainly not that big. Maybe in the simple thinking of a child, an emperor can do whatever he wants as long as he can buy and live in the hearts of the people:
"I stand up for nothing, reward the group, and please the crowd. For the drink of the long night, vocal music There is no end, between ten and a month, the pouch is empty. It is especially good for hunting, and there is no degree of access. The side complains, but the people are angry, and Yu Yan is like it." ("Wei Shu·Volume 18· Biographies Sixth)
Tuoba Yu saw that his subjects were dissatisfied with him, so he was a little panicked, so he became dissatisfied with Zongai-after all, he was pushed into the position of God by this guy, and the emperor is not good. Naturally it was also Zong Ai's fault. In addition, this castration thinks he has the merit of supporting him, and he is increasingly domineering and lawless, and even the ministers of the public minister are called by him like a servant. Some people even say that Zong Ai will kill Tuoba Yu just like Zhao Gao and Yan Le killed Qin II and become emperor by himself.
So Tuobayu intends to take away the power of Zong Ai and push him out as a scapegoat to quell the dissatisfaction of his subjects.
In fact, Tuobayu really wronged Zongai.
shows that there was a guy named Cao Jixiang during the dynasty, who was called the most "revolutionary spirit" among eunuchs throughout the ages. Cao Gonggong believed that although he had a piece of meat less than a normal person, he could not accept his destiny as a slave. If he gave his life to fight, he could be an emperor if he failed.
It is a pity that the ideals are full, and the reality is very skinny-Duke Cao’s throne failed, but his life was spared. He was sentenced to death and died miserably.
Cao Gonggong once regarded Cao Teng, the eunuch of the Eastern Han Dynasty, as an idol. Cao Teng once adopted Cao Cao's father, Cao Song, as his adopted son, and was later revered as the high emperor by Wei Ming Emperor Cao Rui, so he was fortunate to become the only eunuch in history who was officially awarded the title of Emperor. Although I don't know if Zong Ai also worships Lao Cao, a senior sage, it is certain that this guy has the courage to kill the king, but he definitely has the courage to usurp the throne and claim the emperor.
It’s not that Zong Ai is less timid than Cao Jixiang, has low consciousness, or is not big enough, but as a slave, he knows that this kind of thing is not done by an eunuch at all.
All the power of the eunuch comes from the imperial power. Although they could be above the emperor at certain moments, such as Zong Ai not only killed Emperor Tuoba Tao, but also killed important officials such as "Preparatory Emperor" Tuobahan and Lan Yan, but these things happened The harem is in a small, dark area under his absolute control, and there is absolutely no light. Once Zong Ai is dragged onto the court and under the sun, even the weakest emperor can decide his life and death in one word. At that time, no matter how many official titles and titles Zong Ai had, no matter how much the Manchu civil and military had feared or clung to him, they would not protect him.
So in the face of Tuobayu’s “ingratitude”, Zong’ai’s choice was to kill the king again, and then find an obedient royal family to push the position of God and continue to be his puppet. ——On the first day of October in the second year of Yongping (452), Zong Ai took advantage of Tuobayu's opportunity to worship the ancestral temple and sent eunuch Jia Zhou and others to assassinate him.
Poor Emperor Tuobayu has only been 232 days before he died.
But everything can be repeated again and again, but it is too stupid to use the same routine forever.This time, the ministers loyal to the imperial family were prepared. Liu Ni of Habayashi and Prince Shao Fu Youya conspired. You Ya, Yuanhe, and Changsun Kehou led the imperial army to guard the court. Southern Shangshu Lu Li and Liu Ni welcomed them together. Tuoba Jun, the son of the first prince Tuoba Huang, entered the palace and was caught off guard.
And the first thing Tuoba Jun did after he became the throne was to capture Nazongai and his comrades. After that, Zong'ai, Jia Zhou, etc. were executed, and the tribesmen were banished.
It's a pity that the curse of eunuchs in the Northern Wei Dynasty did not end there-a Zong Ai died, and a Liu Teng emerged decades later. Zongai killed the emperor and killed the king. After Liu Teng was abolished, he was able to toss one by one, and finally he completely tossed the Northern Wei Dynasty, which had a dominant Chinese atmosphere.
