街亭之战 before and after
The Battle of Street Pavilion was a battle during the first Northern Expedition during the period of the Three Kingdoms, the prime minister of Shu, Zhuge Liang. This was a crucial battle that determined the success or failure of the Northern Expedition. The result was naturally a failure, and the allusion of "Waiting the tears and cutting the horse" was extended. The failure of the Jieting Battle in "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" shows that the root cause is Ma Di's arrogance and disobedience to the Lord General Zhuge Liang's Jiedu and Vice General Wang Ping's persuasion. Ma Di abandoned the nearby river water source under the mountain and guarded the top of Nanshan Mountain. Later, Zhang Yun cut off the way for Ma Di to get water. The Shu army collapsed without a fight. The Wei army took the opportunity to attack and defeat the Shu army, and the Shu army disintegrated and fled. When Zhuge Liang heard the news, he was anxious, but he could only abandon the three counties that had already been watched by the wind, and returned to Hanzhong with thousands of families.
Shujun lack of water matters
From here we can see that the failure of Jie Ting was at "Lack of water" , which caused the unrest of the army and was arrested by Zhang Yun He took the opportunity to attack Nanshan in one fell swoop, broke the Shu army, and pulled out the important stronghold that Zhuge Liang urgently needed, which eventually led to the fiasco of the Northern Expedition. So let's just imagine, if Ma Di prepared enough water mountains in advance for the army to use for decades, would the outcome of this battle be different? For the time being, no matter where Ma Di came from, it was close to Wan Dajun's water storage equipment, assuming there were springs or lakes on the mountains. Ma Di chose to go up the mountain instead of defending the city because it had the purpose of occupying favorable terrain. He wanted to beat the low with the high. Moreover, it was spring, and it was too difficult for the enemy to set fire to the mountain, and it was a bit impractical. Therefore, there is a certain reason for Horse Di to occupy Nanshan. Even if there is water on the mountain, Horse Di will be defeated. Why?
Because there are already five thousand soldiers and horses, and Ma Di’s rate is about half of the two thousand and five hundred soldiers on the mountain. This mountain is not the kind of dangerous terrain like the siege of Baideng. The narrow white mountain climber, why Ma Di thinks that he can use these nearly 10,000 horses to occupy the high point to block Zhang Yun's tens of thousands of Wei Jun, is this too unrealistic. Moreover, it was mentioned in the original history book that "Yun Jueqi draws the way, hits, and breaks the way" , Zhang Yunjun will encircle the Ma Dijun on the Nanshan Mountain, first cut off the way of drawing water to weaken some of their strength, and then there is no strategy. The strategy of "strike" , and finally "大破之" . Zhang Xi won so easily. Ma Di's occupation of Nanshan is indeed a favorable terrain, but this favorable terrain cannot narrow the gap in the number of soldiers with Zhang Yunjun. The presence or absence of water sources is just the icing on the cake, and will not affect the overall situation of the Jieting battle. At most, it will resist a few more hours or cause Zhang Yunjun to lose more.
Ma Di’s "Afterlife"
Moreover, there is a crucial point. Ma Di thought of the problem of lack of water, but he just wanted to achieve this effect. Want to take this battle to become a famous player comparable to Xiang Yu and Han Xin. The lack of water in the mountains is a step he calculated. "Set the dead and live afterwards. If the soldiers of the Wei dynasty cannot draw water, won't the soldiers of the Shu fight dead? One can be a hundred." But Ma Di is only half-hearted General Wen, the prestige of the army is not high, adopting this kind of tactics will only make the Shu army perish too quickly. Ma Di’s commanding ability is not as good as Xiang Yu, Han Xin, Huo Qubing and other famous players, nor as Cao Cao and Lu Bu. He couldn't make the Shu army fight to death in the dead, reaching the effect of "Yi Yi Dang Bai" . Ma Di did make the Shu army fall to death, but then? He didn't do anything anymore. At any rate, Xiang Yu relied on his personal charm, bravery, and smashing the boat to make the soldiers beat the Qin army in a fierce battle. Where's the horse? As soon as he reached his death place in Nanshan, he waited for the enemy to arrive. Isn't this waiting to die?
Furthermore, Ma Di obeyed Zhuge Liang's military arrangements and the persuasion of his deputy Wang Ping, and chose to defend the city. Before that, let me explain that Ma Di did not choose according to Shou 街亭 because Jieting is a small town, not a strong city. The city walls are not high or thick and are in disrepair. Compared with Jieting City, Nanshan is more reliable. Zhuge Liang didn't make an on-the-spot investigation of the throat of Guanlong, a place that extends in all directions, the north-south mountains are dangerous, and can attack and retreat. He probably never thought, why not build a thick wall in such an important place坚城 is guarded. Ma Di arrived here for actual inspection, so he who led the army only defied the military order to choose specific problems and abandoned the town of Jieting and chose to guard Nanshan.
Choosing to block the enemy according to the defensive town
According to the defensive town, you can achieve the purpose of imperial Zhangjun army, but no one knows how long it can resist, but the problem lies in the town. The battle is a sniper war, the main purpose is to block the enemy, delay the enemy, only need Ma Di to complete Zhuge Liang's arrangement to block the enemy step by step, so that Shu is fully prepared-completely take the three counties of Wei. If Ma Di is guarding the street pavilion, regardless of defeat or victory, this crucial battle will be recorded in the history books, and Ma Di will keep his name in history. Before the war, the prime minister of the Kingdom of Shu and Zhuge Liang, the commander of the Shu army, arranged the deployment of the street pavilions. All that was required was that the Ma Dijun firmly guarded the street pavilion. No matter how bad the street pavilion is, it is also a city. It directly blocks the road that Wei Jun can’t go forward. It is rooted there like a nail. Ma Di does not guard the city to guard the mountain. It is beyond the expectations of the generals of Cao and Wei. Sima Yi took the initiative to let The credit for this free picking goes to "张郃" .
Ma Di is guarding the Jieting city under the mountain. No matter how bad he is, he will resist a multi-day defeat, but he also acts in accordance with the clear arrangement of the coach Zhuge Liang. If the enemy is defeated, others can't fault it. Zhuge Liang’s goal for Ma Di’s military operation is not high, only 防和守, but Ma Di "has very own ideas" , insist on 胜和攻. As a result, the strategy of winning the Northern Expedition and acquiring the three counties of Tianshui, Nan'an and Anding Liangzhou as the frontiers of the Wei Dynasty completely failed. "Three Kingdoms" described the failure of Jie Ting: "Liang Jin has no evidence, retreats to Hanzhong."
The loss of street pavilion is also in Zhugeliang
Let’s take a look at how Liu Bei, who has the ability to know the pearls, commented on Ma Di, Ma Di "Excellent weapon, good at military strategy, Prime Minister Zhuge Liang deepened the difference in equipment", the predecessor said that Liang said: "Ma Di said that it is not true. Great use, you can watch it!" Liang said otherwise, and joined the army with 財, and every time he was introduced and talked about it, from day to night. Liu Bei warned Zhuge Liang on his deathbed not to reuse Ma Di, Zhuge Liang did not listen. Ma Di’s most exciting remarks (mouths) in his life were put forward by Zhuge Liang when he was conquering Nanzhong: "The way a husband uses soldiers is to attack the heart first, to attack the city as the bottom, the heart to fight for the top, the military to fight for the bottom, hope Just accept his heart.” Ma Di said this in a very macroscopic way. He has never investigated the topography, customs, climate, barbarian character, rebel strength, etc. of South China. He just made ideas and made comments in vague terms. There was no specific strategic deployment. , Zhuge Liang did it.
War is not won by speaking well, it also requires concrete measures and actual action. In the Battle of Jieting, Ma Di didn’t realize it, and Zhuge Liang didn’t realize it either. He felt that this was a gift to Ma Di, and he was cultivating Ma Di to be his successor. Otherwise, why don’t you use those military veterans to guard Jieting. Therefore, the defeat of Jieting and the defeat of the Northern Expedition made Zhuge Liang an inescapable responsibility. It was too light to demote himself to the third-class official rank.
References: "Three Kingdoms"
