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Preface
Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall , built in 1950, is one of the earliest revolutionary memorial halls established in my country since the founding of the People's Republic of China, with a large number of precious cultural relics.
These cultural relics reflect the entire process of our party’s revolutionary struggle during the Yan'an period. Among these cultural relics, there is a very special cultural relics, which is a small green horse with a broad head.
Its white hair is very white, and its horse's head is rising high, as if it is about to march to the battle.
It is worth mentioning that this lifelike little green horse is actually a horse specimen made of real horse skin, or a national first-class cultural relic.
This horse was originally blue, but because of its age, it was covered with white hair, with only a few spots.
So, which legendary figure has this horse ever been recognized by the state as a first-class cultural relic of ? What thrilling stories have happened to it?
The life of the little green horse
This horse was Chairman Mao's mount in the Yan'an period. It did not have a great origin. On the contrary, this horse was found and left with the chairman in urgent need.
When I first arrived in Yan'an, the Red Army had already experienced the difficulties of 20,000 miles. At that time, Chairman Mao's mount was still a yellow horse.
But unfortunately, this little yellow horse failed to survive the difficult long-distance trekking. After completing its mission, died at the foot of Phoenix Mountain.
In Yan'an area, where traffic was blocked and tools were simple, people could only rely on walking or riding horses to travel, and Chairman Mao often had business to go out.
The short journey can be walked, but if it is a little longer, the chairman naturally needs a mount of his own.
For this reason, the central government began to find a horse suitable for Chairman Mao in various places in the northwest. They went to the three-sided areas to purchase it, and finally chose two Sichuan horses, one in blue and the other in red. The two horses,
, finally arrived in Yan'an smoothly after being escorted by local farmers.
Chairman Mao’s guards made a special selection. Under the introduction of the escort farmers, he learned that both horses were from Sichuan and were relatively docile. Although they were not big, they ran very smoothly and were not slow. The guards selected a while and finally decided to leave the young pony, and the other red pony was left to Premier Zhou. In this way, Xiao Qingma began to accompany Chairman Mao and fell in Yan'an.
Because he had a mount and died of fatigue from a long journey, Chairman Mao cherished his newly chosen mount very much.
After the death of the little yellow horse, Chairman Mao also issued a special order to require that the little yellow horse's skin should not be peeled off, the horse's hair should not be plucked, and the horse meat should not be eaten, and the little yellow horse should be buried completely.
As Chairman Mao’s mount in Yan'an, the situation of the little green horse is much better than that of the little yellow horse. It does not need to rush to travel normally and is only responsible for Chairman Mao’s outing.
Because the chairman is very pitying to this little green horse, when he goes out, even when he encounters a dirt road that is difficult to walk, Chairman Mao will dismount and walk directly to prevent the little green horse from being affected.
In addition, during the War of Liberation, Xiao Qingma also made great contributions to Chairman Mao's transition to northern Shaanxi.
At that time, due to the rapid attack of the Kuomintang army, the central authorities had to retreat from Yan'an urgently, and Xiao Qingma took on the important mission of the central commander.
But even when the situation was very urgent, Chairman Mao was reluctant to let his mount, Xiao Qing horse, be wronged.
During the march, the horseshoe of the little green horse accidentally dropped. If you continue to ride the horse rashly, it won’t take long to get the sucking horse’s hooves.
Seeing this, Chairman Mao immediately got off from Xiao Qing and continued on foot. Everyone around him advised him to get on the horse and not to work hard on such trivial matters.
But Chairman Mao always insisted on walking with the large army, which made the little green horse's hooves not destroyed by the long journey.
Animals and their owners should be sympathetic. Chairman Mao cherishes his little green horse mount very much. People in the army can observe this fact. As animals, they are also spiritual, and they can also feel it.
So during the march, it did not drag the team down at all, and carried this person steadily, a crucial role for the entire army, and even made Chairman Mao safe several times.
Chairman Mao’s pseudonym Li Desheng, walked two thousand miles on the back of the little green horse, and the horse’s hooves were shining. They walked from Yan'an to Beijing, leading the People’s Liberation Army and the people to victory from the loess high slope.
The two times of distress when he moved to northern Shaanxi
When he was in Yan'an, the work of the little green horse was very easy. Except for Chairman Mao would ride this little green horse at work, it was rarely used at other times. After
, in order to facilitate Chairman Mao's travel, an overseas Chinese in Malaysian learned that Chairman Mao still needed to travel on horseback, so he asked someone to send an ambulance to Yan'an.
ambulance plays a very special role and has become Chairman Mao’s travel car. In this case, the little green horse is treated as a mount and there are even fewer opportunities to use it.
But for the sake of the best use, Xiao Qingma sent letters and documents to the Communists in Yan'an area when he had no work tasks.
But this situation did not last long, and soon the little green horse was put in great use.
In March 1947, the Kuomintang general Hu Zongnan suddenly led 140,000 troops to attack the Yan'an area in a large scale, trying to wipe out the forces of the central authorities.
Under the situation at that time, the enemy was strong and we were weak. In order to preserve our strength, Chairman Mao urgently ordered the retreat from Yan'an, and started a road to northern Shaanxi that lasted more than 100 days.
When he retreated from Yan'an to Tianzhuang, Chairman Mao was still riding in a jeep, but he would definitely not be able to ride conspicuous vehicles on the march any longer. So the little green horse was ordered to become Chairman Mao's only means of transportation.
In this difficult journey of transition, Chairman Mao and the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China faced a critical moment of life and death twice.
The little green horse has always been by Chairman Mao’s side and has protected Chairman Mao’s life many times, and was praised by the Chairman as “the magic horse”.
The first life and death was in Wangjiawan .
At that time, Chairman Mao led the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and had just successfully evacuated Yan'an. Under the command of Chairman "Mushroom" tactic , the Northwest Field Army attacked three times, won three battles and wiped out more than 10,000 enemies.
For this reason, everyone also held a special victory convening meeting, but the victory of these three wars made Chiang Kai-shek furious. He ordered the front-line general Hu Zongnan to capture Chairman Mao alive at all costs.
Through the investigation of telegrams, the Kuomintang side monitored frequent reports in Wangjiawan area and concluded that this area must be the location of the head of the Communist Party of China. Hu Zongnan immediately led a large number of people to Wangjiawan.
Soon, the Kuomintang's front-line army arrived, a place separated from Wangjiawan.
In order to continue detection, many reconnaissance aircraft and bombers were flying in the air, and several blockbuster bombs were fired downward from time to time.
On the opposite side of a mountain, the CCP’s team was marching along the steep mountain road. Suddenly, a bomber suddenly turned from the opposite side to the top of the mountain and dived straight towards the marching team.
Seeing this situation, everyone rushed to the woods next to them. For a moment, the atmosphere in the team began to become panic. Chairman Mao sat on Xiaoqing's horse, and the guards were next to the horse, paying attention to the situation carefully.
Just as the guard turned around and wanted to comfort the frightened little green horse, he was surprised to find that the little green horse, who thought he would be frightened, was not panicking, and was following the team steadily into the woods.
Just as the young horse was running away with Chairman Mao, the chairman was standing, suddenly he was blown up by a bomb and a small hole was smashed on the ground. This situation scared the surrounding entourage, and then everyone became very surprised.
Chairman Mao also laughed when he saw this, and said to Xiao Qingma with a thumbs up: "What a magic horse!"
Then, in such an emergency, Chairman Mao led the large army to continue to move westward and took the initiative to order the radio contact with the various departments was cut off. After a week of confrontation, the enemy finally misled to Longdong, while the large army headed to the security direction and turned the crisis into safety. The second emergency moment of
was in Jialuhe .
That was after Chairman Mao led a large army to leave Xiaohe Village for 45 days, Liu Kan and his army of eight brigades attacked the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the main force of the People's Liberation Army in the middle of the two rivers.
In order to create military conditions for the Northwest Field Army led by Peng Dehuai, Chairman Mao and more than 700 people attracted tens of thousands of enemy troops. To reach Liangjiacha, where the field army headquarters is located, he had to cross the rapid flow of Jialu River, the Jialu River.
was quite smooth in front, but when the team walked to Wunu River, the most rapid tributary of the Jialu River, it encountered great difficulties.
It only rained heavily a few days ago. The flood was about to come, so the team could only hurry up and try to reach the other side before the flood arrived.
But just as the little green horse was carrying Chairman Mao in the center of the river, a mountain torrent suddenly broke out, and in an instant it scattered the team in the river. The guards holding the reins of the little green horse were also washed away further and further.
Just when it was so urgent, the little green horse roared and soared into the air. Stepping on the several leaping wave peaks, jumping to the other side of the river in one fell swoop, and Chairman Mao got safe like this.
After this dangerous situation, the team finally arrived at the field army headquarters. After the main force of the field army won the Shajiadian Battle, the People's Liberation Army also ushered in a turning point in its strategic offensive.
Chairman Mao excitedly said to the soldiers during the inspection: "The most difficult time has passed!"
Two emergency moments, Chairman Mao was able to escape danger, which is inseparable from the help of Xiao Qingma. From this perspective, Xiao Qingma is also a lucky star.
Chairman Mao’s mounts
Before arriving in Yan'an, Chairman Mao had another very good mount, which was a yellow horse, which was the spoil of the Red Army.
It used to be the mount of Minxi warlord Guo Fengming , but he never listened to Guo Fengming's instructions during the battle. After Guo Fengming was defeated, the Huang Piao horse was captured by the Red Army.
But this yellow horse is a tempered person, and it has a very irritable temperament. Many people in the Red Army want to control this fierce horse.
But no matter who it is, as long as they jump on the horse's back, the yellow horse will kick and jump in various ways, trying to throw the people on the horse's back, causing many soldiers in the Red Army to be injured by the horse.
Everyone was angry by this yellow horse, so they decided to kill the horse and eat meat to improve their lives. Perhaps the yellow horse also felt the danger at this time and began to neigh.
Just as the soldiers were holding their knives and were about to take action, Chairman Mao, who was studying in the room, heard the neighing of the horse and came out to check the situation. When I saw everyone preparing to slaughter the horse, I stopped loudly:
"This is a good horse, don't do it!"
After hearing the chairman's stopping sound, the soldiers stopped their lives and waited quietly by the side.
Chairman Mao rushed over. He looked at the yellow horse and was about to put his hand on the horse's back.Seeing this, the soldiers of
spoke out and stopped Chairman Mao from further action. They said to the Chairman:
"Chairman, you must be careful. This is a fierce horse. Maybe you will hurt you!"
Chairman Mao nodded after hearing this, but the movement in his hand did not stop. He slowly placed his hand on the back of the horse and gently stroked it. Unexpectedly, the originally fierce and violent yellow horse suddenly became docile at this moment.
Huang Piaoma lowered his horse's head and gently rubbed Chairman Mao's body. Seeing this, Chairman Mao untied the reins and turned over and quickly got on the horse.
did not have the original situation of kicking and jumping. After Chairman Mao got on the horse, Huang Piaoma made a long sound and ran out quickly, his pace was fast and steady.
Just like that, this yellow horse became Chairman Mao’s mount.
Chairman Mao sat on the horse's back, established a revolutionary base, and launched a land revolution. This yellow horse also witnessed Chairman Mao's passion for poetry.
It carried the leader through more than 20,000 miles of Long March, but eventually died of fatigue.
At this time, the large army had arrived in Yan'an. They buried the yellow horse on a hillside where the march, and the yellow horse rested in peace under the loess. After moving to northern Shaanxi, Chairman Mao already had a new mount, Xiao Qing horse, but he never forgot about the yellow horse. When he left Yan'an, Chairman Mao went to the grave to pay tribute.
Like the little green horse, the yellow horse is also a great hero in the revolutionary war. Although the two have different fates, the final outcome is deeply missed by Chairman Mao and everyone.
In a blink of an eye, the five-star red flag was hung high on the Tiananmen Gate Tower, and the little green horse finally completed its historical mission.
It is undoubtedly very lucky because its owner did not leave it behind after the task was completed.
Chairman Mao personally ordered to take good care of this little green horse that once fought side by side with him.
So, the little green horse became the country's military-industrial horse and was sent to Beijing Zoo , carefully taken care of by an old Red Army.
The country will also pay Xiao Qingma a "salary" every month to purchase feed, which costs a full 60 yuan.
Just like that, in the Beijing Zoo, the little green horse spent the rest of his life safely.
Year after year, the green horse's green horse's hair gradually faded and became a sharp white, but people did not change their name.
962, Xiao Qingma completed all her life trajectories and passed away peacefully in the Beijing Zoo. The moment before falling down, the little green horse solemnly turned towards Zhongnanhai , making three neighs that had not appeared for a long time.
was once the place where it arrived with its master and witnessed victory together.
Perhaps the little green horse itself also knows that it is about to be in the near future and fails to have the chance to see its master again. Let’s express its respect and longing with three long sounds.
After Xiao Qingma's death, in order to commemorate this "comrade-in-arms" who had made great achievements, the relevant departments made him a specimen.
In August 1964, the Yan'an Revolutionary Memorial Hall sent a special person to transport the little green horses back as a national first-class cultural relic for exhibition.
Little Green Horse is one of the representatives of the mounts of our party's generals during the arduous and extraordinary period of the War of Resistance Against Japan.
In that era of chaos and traffic was blocked, it was these ancestors and mounts who used one solid footprint after another to get out of this path of revival with their flowers and flowers!
