As the saying goes, one emperor and another minister, the change of each dynasty will change a large number of capable ministers and patriots, and the founding of New China is not a change of dynasty. As Chairman Mao said: "Dare to ask the sun and the moon to change the sky" , the feudal monarchy of more than 2,000 years has ended on the land of China. The working people no longer have to be oppressed by the three mountains. The era of being humiliated, bullied and exploited in the past is gone.
With such a new world, a brand new country name should also be re-confirmed. After all, the "new" of New China is not only "new" in the leadership team, but also in the social outlook and national system. A change of constitution will naturally lead to a change of national name, and a new look can naturally no longer be called the old one.
Founding Ceremony
Since the founding of New China in 1949, the people have been excited and everyone is looking forward to a bright revolutionary path in the future. When everything is in trouble, the national name of the New China has also been put on the agenda. The leaders are gathered in Beijing to invite patriotic overseas Chinese and democrats at home and abroad, hoping that they can contribute to the national name of the New China.
The final result of everyone's discussion was """", but what many people don't know is that before this title, everyone talked and talked about it and expressed their opinions and opinions. After a while of discussion and fierce competition for this title, we got everyone's consensus.
Moreover, Chairman Mao once supported the use of the national name of "Republic of China". What secret stories are there in it?
Chairman Mao
New Country New Country Name
On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao stood on the Tiananmen Gate Tower and shouted to the people below: "The People's Republic of China is established!" At that moment, the working people applauded, because the days of being the master of the country were finally realized, and the people no longer have to suffer from oppression from the old society. The establishment of the People's Republic of China means that they are citizens of the new regime.
From that moment on, the old country name "Republic of China" has become a past tense. The old era and society it represents have been trampled under the feet of the people. Everyone agrees with this new national name, and what many people don’t know is that the leaders of the Party Central Committee and democrats from all walks of life had fierce debates until the end of the day.
Sun Yat-sen (center in front row)
Establishing a country and a regime is not a one-day contribution. As a leader of the country and the party and government, you must plan early. In April 1949, the People's Liberation Army broke through the natural barrier of the Yangtze River defense line with thunder, and the soldiers drove Chiang Kai-shek all the way to the south.
at that time, Chiang Kai-shek still wanted to establish its regime in the south to implement his dictatorship, but as the People's Liberation Army pressed step by step, he could only pack up his gold, silver and treasures and flee far away from Taiwan with the remaining troops in his hands, in order to establish his own independent kingdom there and return to the mainland.
At the end of May, Chairman Mao deployed various field troops to march into various regions across the country, liberating all provinces and cities. By that time, it had become an irreversible trend for our party to win national victory.
Chairman Mao
At this time, many knowledgeable people also began to give opinions to the Party Central Committee: The victory of the war is now in front of us, and the establishment of a country is just around the corner, so establishing a new government has become an imperative thing. But how to establish a country? The issue of makes many leaders confused. After all, everyone is good at fighting, but how to establish a new regime and how to strengthen a country is something that many people have never done before.
So from 945 to 1946 , the Party Central Committee sent letters to democrats and patriotic overseas Chinese at home and abroad, asking them to discuss the founding of the country after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War , and hope that everyone can discuss state affairs together.
The invited people also had KMT . At that time, Chiang Kai-shek also invited Chairman Mao and others to Chongqing to attend the political consultation meeting. When the people of the whole country were looking forward to the establishment of a peaceful and democratic country, Chiang Kai-shek's wolfish ambitions were all revealed soon, and the mask of fake peace and real civil war was also torn off by him.
Chiang Kai-shek
So, at that time, the political consultation meetings that discussed the founding of the country in the late period of the Liberation War were different. Chairman Mao and other leaders decided to open the door to let the CCP and others outside the CCP discuss the founding of the country.
Moreover, this time the founding of the country is different from the one where Chiang Kai-shek participated. There is a political consultation meeting led by the Communist Party of China. does not distinguish between class, field, party, and all groups and patriots can participate. As long as it is for the benefit of the New China and can promote the peaceful completion of the country, the Communist Party of China will open its doors and welcome people from all walks of life to come and give advice.
In June 1949, the prelude of the new CPPCC gradually kicked off in Beijing. Before the start of the new CPPCC, Chairman Mao gave a long and earnest talk to everyone. He said: "Although the 'Republic of China' in the past had 'people' in its name, the entire national system did not take 'people' into consideration, nor did 'people' in its eyes, so it was a name that was inconsistent with the name. The new China now needs a country that can contain farmers, accommodate workers, and support the working people in society, so it must have a veritable New China national name." and he himself took the lead in putting forward an opinion, that is "People's Democratic Republic of China" .
Chairman Mao
After Chairman Mao’s speech, various consultation meetings of the new CPPCC were also passed one by one, and all personnel agreed with Chairman Mao’s opinion, but the new country name has not been discussed yet, so one of the central tasks of this meeting is to discuss related matters such as how the government should be established and how the country’s name should be confirmed.
htmlOn June 16, the preparatory meeting was divided into six groups, each of which had its own tasks, , the fourth group was led by Dong Biwu, and , Huang Yanpei, , as deputy group leader , , and the two of them brought everyone together to formulate various plans for the establishment of the new government. Until this time, the name of the New China used in the meeting and documents was the name of "People's Democratic Republic of China" mentioned by Chairman Mao in his speech.
Dong Biwu
But this meeting was not a really finalized meeting, and the country name was not determined like this. Everyone still needs common discussion and unanimous approval. At that time, because Chairman Mao had a very high prestige and had a great influence among the people, many people hoped to confirm the country name of New China as "People's Democratic Republic of China" according to Chairman Mao's statement.
However, this plan has also been refuted by some democrats. Everyone believes that the term "democracy" was mentioned enough during the Republic of China. Now it may be inappropriate to mention it again, so a debate on the national name of New China began.
Three voices debated many times
When Dong Biwu and Huang Yanpei led the group members to discuss the national name of the New China, members of other groups also joined in one after another. It was not because they had a lot of time to participate in the fourth group, but because the national name of the New China was really important.
Huang Yanpei
Therefore, the debate around this country name was launched on a large scale. At that time, a wave of people thought: The title of "People's Democratic Republic of China" was a bit awkward. It was not only too long and difficult to describe, but also if it was called abbreviation, it would become "Republic of China". Isn't this exactly the same as the previous regime?
So the views of this part do not support Chairman Mao’s original name.But Chairman Mao smiled happily about this view and said: "It's the same, the title you put forward can remain unchanged, and it is called the Republic of China when necessary." is Chairman Mao’s point of view, so everyone attaches great importance to it, and this name was included in the case of the Organization Facai.
The reason why Chairman Mao supported this title was that he believed that a new regime replaced the old one was not to destroy China, but to save the nation. and The Communist Party of China has always been a firm follower of Mr. Sun Yat-sen, so the Republic of China is a tribute to Sun Yat-sen's older generation of revolutionaries and is also to remember the hardships of the Chinese revolution.
Sun Yat-sen
But some people do not agree with Chairman Mao’s point of view. For example, some democrats believe that although Mr. Sun Yat-sen established the Republic of China, during that period, war was burning in the land of China and the people lived in dire straits. Although is called the Republic of China, the people have no place to stand. The name is just a false name, so it is not suitable for the founding of New China.
In everyone's view, Situ Meitang 's speech made everyone excited. He said: "The Communist Party is a new political party, and 1 Revolution is also different from this revolution. The Republic of China has long been a thing of the past, so why should it be used in a new regime and a new society?"
Situ Meitang
Also people believe that the name of a new country cannot be too long, it can be called People's Democratic People's Republic of China . This term was originally mentioned by Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang , who was an old comrade in the party and a pioneer in the revolutionary period. They believe that "People's Democratic Republic of China" can be referred to as "Republic of China" does not violate Chairman Mao's meaning. Moreover, the word "republic" was mentioned too much during the previous regime, so there was no need to mention it when it came to the New China.
Moreover, the knowledgeable Huang Yanpei also believes that "Republic" and "Democracy" were originally translated from foreign languages. There is no substantial difference between them. The Republic is democracy, and the Democracy is the Republic. The two are just different physical constitutions, so the name "People's Democratic Republic of China" completely contains the former.
Huang Yanpei
When Zhang Zhirang and Huang Yanpei proposed this view, many comrades in the party thought that their proposal was very credible because they not only found the root of the name, but also made the name simpler. But in fact, some profound scholars raised their own doubts. They believed that although Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhi asked them to discover the root of the name, they ignored the meaning of the term that evolved after it fell into China.
Although the translations of "democracy" and "republic" are similar in English, in China, "democracy" and "people" are different. In the old society, democracy has always been spoken by the ruling class, but the people's real life has not been sufficiently guaranteed. Therefore, "democracy" and "people" cannot be just a slogan, let alone a confusion.
Zhang Zhirang
And at the meeting, many scholars and professors of Tsinghua believed that "democracy" and "people" actually have extremely similar meanings in the Chinese dictionary. If the new country name is really called the People's Democratic State of China, then in specific text discussions, "democracy" and "people" have great similarities.
In their opinion, the similarity between "democracy" and "people" cannot be ignored in order to avoid the similarity between "democracy" and "republic". Therefore, these scholars do not support the opinions of comrades such as Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang, so the third voice appeared again.
"People's Republic of China"
"I disagree with the view of both of you. Did you ignore the fundamental meaning of our founding just to simplify the entire name?" In a series of debates, Tsinghua professor Zhang Xiruo stood up, and he gently raised the loopholes in the debate voices of the first two.
Zhang Xiruo
He said: "No matter which word is removed, the people and democracy will always be our original intention of the founding of the country and the foundation of the country. Therefore, I advocate removing the word "democracy" and simplifying it to the "People's Republic of China". " "Does there be people not want democracy, and there is democracy not want the people?" "Republic is a system that can be covered by the meaning of democracy, but can't democracy and the people coexist?"
Professor Zhang Xiruo means that the people are the original intention of our party to fight wars one after another, and the republic is the synonym of a national system. Both must be considered the most perfect country name.
Professor Zhang Xiruo's explanation was deafening, and everyone whispered to discuss the old professor's opinions. Huang Yanpei, Zhang Zhirang and others also began to focus on Zhang Xiruo's views. The people and democracy have similar meanings, and you can choose one of them, but the republic is the synonym of the system, which cannot be abolished, and the system of a country cannot be banned in the name in order to get a concise country name.
Chairman Mao and Zhang Xiruo
Later, Dong Biwu of the fourth group reported this opinion to Chairman Mao. Chairman Mao carefully identified the first few names, and then he asked Dong Biwu to carefully tell him Professor Zhang's explanation. After listening to the old man's point of view, Chairman Mao said: "I agree, very much."
In mid-August, the fourth group held the third meeting on the country name. At this meeting, the People's Republic of China was also recognized as the national name of the New China.
At this point, the country name and name of New China have been re-established. Dong Biwu also gave a deeper explanation of the name. He said: "We China have been a society with a large middle and small ends since the Republic of China period. Most of the people who can unite are in the middle. Our party is the united worker, peasant, petty bourgeoisie and national bourgeoisie that has reached this point today. The people and the Republic are directly organized together. It expresses the national system and democracy of the New China."
Chairman Mao
A regime and a dynasty must always have its own national name and nationality. These words of the People's Republic of China fully interpret the people's dominant position in the entire country, and also interpret the determination and original aspiration of the Communist Party of China at the beginning of its founding. Therefore, this name is in line with the wishes of all working people and the attitude of the majority of comrades in the party.
