text | Documentary in movies
edited | Documentary in movies
Preface
For a country, the importance and sacredness of a country name are self-evident.
It is the symbol and soul of the country, reflecting the status, independence and particularity of the country.
On October 1, 1949, Chairman Mao solemnly declared on the Tiananmen Gate Tower that of the People's Republic of China was officially established.
In this regard, "People's Republic of China" was identified as the national name of the New China and officially started to be launched.
However, unexpectedly, the previous process of determining the country name has gone through certain twists and turns, and the participants participating in the political consultative meeting had a fierce discussion on the country name.
So, how did our country’s name be determined?
1. The preliminarily determined national name
On June 15, 1949, the preparatory meeting of the new political consultation meeting opened.
Chairman Mao made a speech at the first plenary meeting of the preparatory meeting of the New CPPCC, and shouted "Long live the People's Democratic Republic of China" at the end of his speech. This title can be regarded as the first selected country name.
As early as August 1948, Chairman Mao had already proposed the idea of "establishing an independent, free, prosperous and unified People's Democratic Republic of China."
The title of "People's Democratic Republic of China" was approved by the Party Central Committee at that time.
Since then, everyone has been using this title in their speeches and documents at the party meetings. The word "China" in "People's Democratic Republic of China" is used to highlight the national and regional characteristics of our country.
From a geographical perspective, the word "zhong" means the country of the central government. From a cultural perspective, "zhong" represents the beautiful meaning of unbiased and upright, symbolizing the unique doctrine of the mean in our country .
And "Hua" means China, which not only represents the birthplace of ancient and long-standing culture in my country, but also symbolizes that our country is a unity formed by a multi-ethnic group.
Added the word "China" to our country's name, which eliminates the Soviet color of the previous title of "Soviet People's Republic", and undoubtedly demonstrates the unique cultural and national characteristics of our country.
Therefore, the word "China" was unanimously agreed by all the delegates.
The "People's Democratic Republic" after the word "China" is not difficult to understand.
At the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, the word "people" was engraved in my heart, insisting that the people's interests are above everything else, and in the revolutionary years when the flames were singing, I was also fighting for the fundamental interests of the people.
The Communist Party of China has always been striving to realize that the people are masters of their own affairs. When preparing for the New China, it naturally must attribute all power to the people.
Therefore, the word "people" is also an important part of the country's name number.
1940, Chairman Mao said in " New Democracy On ":
"The Democratic Republic of China that we want to establish now can only be a democratic republic with all anti-imperialist and anti-feudal people under the leadership of the proletariat of . This is the republic of ."
It can be seen that "democracy" and "republic" have always been important value orientations of the Communist Party of China.
The title of "People's Democratic Republic of China" was obviously a relatively mature choice of national name at that time.
However, the national name is very important. Chairman Mao raised this matter at the preparatory meeting of the New CPPCC and asked for the opinions of the delegates. During the
meeting, people from various parties expressed their opinions on their views, and even had fierce debates on discussing the country name.
What are the different opinions of the delegates on the country name, and what is the final agreed result?
2. Simplify the country name
Dear representatives have debates about the country name. The main reason is that they think that the country name is too long and not streamlined enough.
Democrats Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang wrote a note specifically on matters about national names.
In the note, the two of them proposed that the original "People's Democratic Republic of China" could be changed to "People's Democratic Republic of China", or "Depth of China".
In the document, Huang Yanpei and others specifically explained the reasons for making the modifications in this way. The most important reason is that they believe that the two words "democracy" and "republican" are not necessary. The two words
are both words translated from foreign languages, and their essential meanings are different from the meaning of our country's truly refined from revolutionary experience.
In addition, in the country names of Romania , Czechoslovakia , the Soviet Union and other countries, the meanings of the two words "democracy" and "republic" are not impossible to be translated.
In other words, the two words "democracy" and "republic" have overlapped with their interesting meanings, so there is no need to be included in the country name.
In addition, deleting the word "Republic" can also make the country name more concise, more catchy to read, and easier to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.
Huang Yanpei made a speech
The Standing Committee of the Preparatory Meeting attached great importance to the story written by Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang. After seeing this note, Secretary-General Li Weihan immediately made an instruction to "copy to the director, deputy chairman and group leaders", and at the same time asked all representatives participating in the preparation meeting of the new CPPCC to discuss their opinions.
This chant quickly caused a warm response among the representatives. Many representatives believed that Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang's chant was very reasonable. The streamlined national name is much easier to read, both in terms of both the appearance and the reading.
At the same time, some people have different opinions, believing that it is necessary to streamline the country name, but what content should be deleted in the end still needs to be considered.
At this moment, as a representative member, , a professor at Tsinghua University, , Zhang Xiruo, , stood up.
He has another view on the country name.
Zhang Xiruo is from Chaoyi Town, Dali County, Shaanxi Province. He joined Tongmenghui when he was a teenager, and then participated in Xinhai Revolution .
This early revolutionary chose to study in the United States at the age of 24, determined to make his own contribution to the dire straits of the motherland at that time by strengthening his knowledge.
He majored in political science at Columbia University , and was classmates and friends with Hu Shi , Tao Xingzhi and others.
30 years old, Zhang Xiruo obtained a master's degree in political science, and then returned to China in 1925 to serve. He served as director of the International Publications Exchange Bureau of the Ministry of Education, director of the Higher Education Department, and professorship of the Central University. After
, he has been teaching and educating people and has always paid attention to China's revolutionary process. In 1929, he became a professor of the Department of Political Science of Tsinghua University. After Anti-Japanese War, he moved west with the school and became the director of the Department of Political Science of Southwest Associated University.
As a democratic figure, Zhang Xiruo played an important role in the education industry at that time.
At present, he is going to put forward his views at the preparatory meeting of the new political consultation meeting, and the delegates also attach great importance to it.
So, what is the idea proposed by Zhang Xiruo?
Zhang Xiruo
3. Remove the two words of the country name
Conference site, Zhang Xiruo said slowly:
"There are several old gentlemen who say that the country name is too long. I think it is better to call the People's Republic of China than to call the People's Democratic Republic of China."
Some representatives at the meeting were about to refute after hearing this, how could they delete the word "democracy"? Isn't this the key to abandoning the word "new" in New China?
Unexpectedly, Zhang Xiruo waved his hand to let him finish speaking. The reason why he said this was naturally reasonable. Then he immediately said:
"If you have the word "people", don't have the word "democracy". How can there be a people without democracy? What's more, the word democracy comes from the Greek word, and it agrees with the people. "
After hearing Zhang Xiruo say this, the representatives of the venue were all trapped in quiet thinking.
Zhang Xiruo's "How can there be a people but not democracy" has a profound truth. The people's mastery of their own country is the best democracy.
Since the word "people" is already in the name of the country, it actually covers all the meaning of "democracy".
Zhang Xiruo's idea seems to delete "democracy", but in fact it emphasizes democracy and promotes democracy.
In addition, there are other reasons for deleting the word "democracy".
0 The word "democracy" runs through the entire revolutionary war years of our party. This word born in the West has long expanded its deeper and broader meaning in the revolutionary years of our country's independence.
Although Western countries are clamoring for "democracy" all day long, their "democracy" always represents the interests of the bourgeoisie . There is still exploitation and oppression for other classes, which has violated the meaning of "democracy" itself.
China's national conditions are essentially different from those of Western countries. The start of national development does not lie in commodity dumping, but in land. The development of agriculture is the foundation of the country.
The Communist Party of China leads the people to carry out land reforms, and farmers regain control of the land. This also means that the people have truly turned over and become masters. Become a decision-maker of the country.
Fundamentally speaking, our country's "democracy" is not the same as the "democracy" in the West.
At the same time, Western countries will never agree with our country's "democracy" from the perspective of political interests, even if our country's democracy is more in line with the concept of "democracy" itself.
In order to avoid "talking" with Western countries in the future, it is better to delete the word "democracy" directly in the country name.
Chairman Mao immediately agreed with this idea after listening to Professor Zhang Xiruo's speech.
However, the determination of the country name is really related to Although many representatives on the spot agreed with Zhang Xiruo's idea, this opinion must also be subject to the final trial of everyone.
After the meeting, the comrades in charge of the on-site recording summarized the opinions on the name of the country in three types, namely "People's Democratic Republic of China, the People's Republic of China, and the People's Democratic Republic of China", and handed these opinions to Dong Biwu.
On July 8, 1949, the Fourth Group held the second plenary meeting.
In this meeting, the delegates discussed the national name, national attributes, basic principles of government organizations, and the supreme government organs, and elected Dong Biwu and others to be responsible for drafting the draft Government Organization Law.
After layers of discussions at the preparatory meeting of the new political consultation meeting, the country name was finally determined to be "People's Republic of China".
Then Comrade Zhou Enlai said in his report that the name of the "People's Republic of China" is in line with the essence of the country.
However, the matter of discussing the country name still does not end here. The representatives believe that there is still an issue that needs to be discussed and determined urgently. What is the problem of
?
4. Whether you need to be abbreviated as
In fact, when discussing the issue of the country name, the most controversial issue is the issue of the abbreviation of the country name.
Huang Yanpei and Zhang Zhirang pointed out in the previous article that the national name of our country can be abbreviated as "Republic of China" or "Democratic China".
If you enter the socialist stage in the future, it can be renamed "Chinese Socialist Democratic Country".
In the eyes of Huang Yanpei and others, although the Republic of China is an old name, it has existed for a long time and has become a habit in the hearts of the people. I am afraid that this name cannot be abandoned for a while.
At the same time, some other representatives also proposed that the abbreviation of "Republic of China" should be written into " Common Program ".
After all, this is a habitual title. It can not only take care of the emotions of various organizations on the united front, but also form a better democratic synergy. The opinions represented by
have also been valued by the Party Central Committee.
Although the country name "People's Republic of China" had been determined at that time, in the documents of the first plenary session of the CPPCC , the country name "People's Republic of China" was followed by the abbreviation of "Republic of China".
At this time, some other representatives who opposed it put forward their own ideas.
Lei Jieqiong, Zhang Xiruo and others suggested unifying the "Republic of China" to "People's Republic of China".
Some representatives believe that the current New China represents "new democracy", but the Republic of China represents " old democratic ", so naturally it cannot be used as abbreviation.
representatives had different opinions on this issue, so they could only hold a relevant meeting for discussion again.
At the beginning of the meeting, Huang Yanpei took the lead in speaking, trying to neutralize the opinions of both parties and make compromises.
"The people's education is very backward and they are used to using the "Republic of China". Once it is changed, it will cause unnecessary disgust. Leave abbreviation and remove it after three years."
However, Zhou Shanpei, who was also present, firmly raised his objections. He said:
"The masses have no good impression of the name of "Republic of China". Chiang Kai-shek The so-called "Republic of China" has caused the people to suffer for more than 20 years. Why should we still retain such Abbreviation? "
Zhou Shanpei
At the same time, Situ Binghe also stood up excitedly and said:
"The name of the country is an extremely solemn thing, and it must be changed well once it is changed. Why does it take three years to change? The bad sign of the 'Republic of China' must be thrown away. I firmly oppose the abbreviation and firmly advocate the use of the People's Republic of China openly."
Situ Binghe's speech caused thunderous applause from the audience. At this time, legal expert Shen Junru also expressed his views from a professional perspective.
"If some people still want to write "Republic of China", that is their temporary convenience, and we don't have to explicitly prohibit it. As for the parentheses referred to as "Republic of China" in the founding documents, this does not conform to the legal view."
The entire meeting invited more than 20 CPPCC representatives to participate, and 18 people spoke. Among the 18 people who spoke, 16 of advocated that they should not use abbreviated. It can be seen that most representatives objected to the use of the abbreviated name.
On September 27, 1949, the first plenary session of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference finally decided -
Remove the abbreviation of "Republic of China" after the country name, and only retain the only national name "People's Republic of China".
is not only a confirmation of my country's national name, but also a series of twists and turns.
In fact, our country's national flag, national emblem and national anthem have gone through a series of hard work in the design and final decision process, which is hard-won.
This embodies the wisdom of our people, also demonstrates the unity of our people, and can withstand the test of history.
To this day, the national name of "People's Republic of China" has become famous all over the world. The determination of the country's name marks that our country has opened a new historical chapter, and that our country's glory and brilliance will continue to be written.
All Chinese people stood up and rushed towards a new life and a bright future with high spirits.
