2. Imperial Army - Establish a new type of army under the leadership of the Party
The army is the backbone of war and the material basis for using military strategy . Generals and generals of all dynasties have practiced a lot of practices. Chairman Mao’s rich practice and superb strategy in building, managing, training and using the army is unprecedented.
(I) Violent tool for creating revolutionary wars
Marx once pointed out that "the primary condition for the dictatorship of the proletariat is The army of the proletariat "The proletariat strives for liberation "Only by using violence to overthrow all existing social systems can it be achieved." The victory of the October Revolution in Russia proves the correctness of the doctrine of violent revolution.
Chairman Mao learned from the lessons of the early days of the Chinese revolutionary war based on the Marxist violent revolution thought, and clearly realized that "in China, without armed struggle, there will be no status of the proletariat, no status of the people, no status of the Communist Party, and no victory of the revolution." It clearly pointed out that "without a people's army, there is no everything for the people." The glorious conclusion that "the power comes from the barrel of a gun" has made our party recognize the extreme importance of armed struggle and the establishment of a people's army.
starts with Nanchang Uprising . In less than a year, our party has carried out more than 100 armed riots, including Autumn Harvest Uprising , Guangzhou Uprising , etc. Although most of these uprisings failed in the end, they accumulated strength for the Chinese revolutionary war.
Especially after the fall of the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong carried out the famous " Sanwan Adaptation " in Yongxin County, Jiangxi Province, reorganized the troops, established party organizations, formulated political systems, and established a completely new type of people's army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China. This force and other armed uprisings preserved by armed uprisings in other places have become an important part of the Chinese Workers' and Peasants' Red Army, and has become the backbone of the Chinese Revolutionary War.
From then on, the vast majority of poor people in China have an armed force that truly represents, seeks and safeguards the interests of their class, and the Communist Party of China has truly had a violent tool to overthrow all existing social systems.
(II) Establish the Party’s absolute leadership over the army
In order to make this revolutionary team ultimately achieve revolutionary victory, Chairman Mao took a series of political measures to strengthen the Party’s absolute leadership over the army. For example, to establish and improve the Party’s organizations at all levels in the army, all major issues of the army must be collectively discussed and decided by the Party organization. This unconditionally places the army under the leadership of the Communist Party of China from an organizational perspective.
The supreme leadership and command of the army are concentrated in the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission. It can only be the Party commands the gun , and guns are never allowed to command the party. After the establishment of the Red Army , with the increasing number of people and the increasing complexity of the components, the style of the old army and various non-proletarian ideas, especially the simple military viewpoint, bandit thought, remnants of warlordism, extreme democratization of , non-organization viewpoint, absolute egalitarianism, subjectivism, individualism, blind activism and other residual ideas surged, which had a great impact on the military thought.
To this end, Mao Zedong formulated a complete set of political work systems for the army and strengthened the ideological and political work of the army, such as establishing a system of division of responsibilities for the heads under the collective leadership of the Party Committee, the system of the military political organs, the work system of the military party committee and party branch, and the democratic system under centralized guidance, ensuring the unity and unity of the army and absolute loyalty to the party and the people.
In addition, he further stipulated the nature, purpose and tasks of the Red Army, established correct relationships between officers and soldiers, military-civilian relations, and the principles of dismantling the enemy. In the subsequent revolutionary war, it was constantly supplemented and improved, and the cohesion and combat effectiveness of this revolutionary team were guaranteed in terms of thought, organization and system.
(III) Strengthen military training of the troops
The ancients said, "Although there is a wise monarch in , scholars do not teach first, and it is not available." Chairman Mao knew the truth.From the day the People's Army was established, he attached great importance to military training of the troops and regarded this as "one of the key points in 's decision on victory or defeat ". But under the conditions at that time, due to the intense battles, it was very difficult to carry out education and training.
In Chairman Mao's words, "Ordinary soldiers need to be trained for half a year to fight. Our soldiers, the soldiers had to fight yesterday and today, and it didn't matter how training." What to do? Chairman Mao instructed, "Long-term rest training is impossible, we can only try to avoid some battles and gain time to train."
Under his instructions, our army took advantage of the combat gap to carry out various forms of military training. For example, each unit carried out mass training activities in combination with combat evaluation and practical combat needs; commanders at all levels studied the plan to defeat the enemy through on-site reconnaissance and sand table operations according to combat tasks; major military regions and field troops also opened military and political schools, technical schools and cadre training teams to strengthen cadre training, and successively trained and transported hundreds of thousands of cadres to our army, effectively improving our army's combat effectiveness.
(IV) Implement strict revolutionary disciplines
In order to gain the support and support of the people, Chairman Mao successively formulated a series of revolutionary disciplines represented by " three disciplines and eight precautions ", educated the vast number of cadres and soldiers to protect the masses one by one, resolutely break the rogue habits left by the warlord troops, and draw a clear line with all the bad habits and bad styles of the old army.
This not only improved the relationship between the military and civilians, but also enabled the commanders and soldiers to understand the political character of the Red Army from the people and belonging to the people, and the revolutionary principles of serving the people and fighting for the people, greatly improving the combat effectiveness of the troops.
Strict revolutionary discipline is not only implemented in the most difficult years of the revolutionary war, but also when the revolution is about to succeed or has already succeeded, Chairman Mao and the people's army led by him will always persist. One morning when the People's Liberation Army attacked Shanghai in the late period of the Liberation War, a capitalist opened the window and was surprised to find that he was sleeping neatly outside the streets and his house. Rows of PLA soldiers were sleeping neatly. He and the employer did not know when these soldiers came.
This capitalist has seen all kinds of armies, but this army does not disturb the people the most. He said with emotion: It seems that Chiang Kai-shek has not had much time in Shanghai! This sentence is very meaningful, and the result is just as he expected.
It can be said that implementing strict revolutionary discipline and not harming the people is an important guarantee for the Party and the army to win the trust of the people, and an important magic weapon for the people's army to defeat all powerful enemies and win revolutionary victory.
3. Operation - Implementing a scientific outlook that takes overall control of the situation
Chairman Mao’s strategic foresight is characterized by a broad perspective, a high-level view and a grand spirit. In the course of China's revolutionary war, he often focused on major issues related to the choice of the revolutionary struggle path, the process and outcome of the war, and the prospect of the transformation of the strategic situation.
His analysis and prediction of these problems also play an important role in pointing out the direction, revealing the rules, and showing the prospects, reflecting a talented strategy that others cannot reach.
(I) Point out the development path of revolutionary struggle
The choice of the path is the key to revolutionary development. Only by choosing the right path can we ensure that the revolutionary struggle moves from the bottom to victory. To point out the revolutionary path, we need to have foresight and great courage in the direction of social and historical development, be able to stand at the commanding heights of social development, think ahead, and foresee the general trend of development of things. Chairman Mao was a great revolutionary prophet with such genius.
In the difficult journey of the Chinese revolution, it was Chairman Mao who pointed out the only way for the development of the Chinese revolution with his unique wisdom and predictive ability beyond ordinary people. When Chiang Kai-shek betrayed the revolution in 1927, the land of China was bloody, and the Communists were almost at a desperate situation, Chairman Mao led the team to Jinggangshan , opened up a revolutionary base, and ignited the spark of armed separatism. Later, the theory that rural areas surrounded the city and finally won national victory was systematically proposed, pointing out the correct path of the Chinese revolution.
From the Agrarian Revolution War, the Anti-October War to the Liberation War, Mao Zedong timely summarized the rich experience of creating, consolidating and developing rural revolutionary bases, formulated a series of correct lines, principles and policies, laying a solid foundation for marching from rural bases to cities and winning national victory. As Deng Xiaoping pointed out: "Chairman Mao's greatest achievement is to combine the principles of Marxism-Leninism with the reality of the Chinese revolution, pointing out the way for China to win revolutionary victory." "If it weren't for Mao Zedong, China would probably have to go through decades in the dark."
(II) The general process of calculating and controlling war
looks at the overall situation in the guidance of war and foreseeing the future. This is the mystery of controlling war. Reasonably predicting the process of war and delineating the basic outline of war development is the basic basis for formulating correct strategies and tactics, and an important prerequisite for consciously grasping the overall strategic situation.
Chairman Mao’s outstanding talent in planning the overall situation in the Chinese revolutionary war is based on scientific foresight of the development and changes of the war. In the early days of the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, in the face of the rampant attack of the Japanese invaders and the unfavorable situation of the enemy being superior to us and inferior, Chairman Mao keenly foresaw the historical ending of the inevitable destruction of Japanese imperialism and the inevitable victory of China's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression. At the same time, it was scientifically proposed that the War of Resistance Against Japan could not win quickly, and it would take time to change the advantages and disadvantages.
Therefore, the War of Resistance Against Japan has to go through three stages, and specifically discusses the possibility of the rise and fall of the forces of the enemy and us at each stage, as well as the strategic tactics I should adopt, thus clearly and completely delineating the general process and outline of China's War of Resistance Against Japan, providing a convincing basis for establishing the strategic policy of protracted war.
The development of the war is phased. Chairman Mao is good at organizing strategic changes in time based on the development of the war, and firmly grasping the overall process of the war. In June 1947, the War of Liberation had been going on for a full year. At this time, although the Kuomintang army was greatly weakened, it still had an advantage in terms of quantity and equipment. In the still very severe military war situation and Chairman Mao’s high luck, he foresaw the possibility of a change in the strategic situation and believed that the time for a strategic offensive had arrived. He should not wait until the enemy’s offense was completely crushed and our army surpassed the enemy in terms of quantity and equipment before launching a strategic offensive.
For this reason, Chairman Mao decided to seize this favorable opportunity to hold a nationwide counterattack and lead the war to the areas controlled by the Kuomintang. It also made a strategic plan to implement the central government's breakthrough, leap forward to the Dabie Mountains, and seize the Central Plains. After several months of hard work, the army advanced into the Central Plains, and annihilated a large number of enemies. It established a Central Plains base in the vast areas of Jianghuai River and Han, turning the strategic rear of the Kuomintang into the frontier position of our army, thus promoting the overall strategic transformation and accelerating the arrival of national victory.
(III) Forecast the results of the battle situation and timely deploy the subsequent battle
as the combat guide, correctly estimate the outcome of each campaign and its possible impact on the overall strategic situation. It is very important to deploy the next battle in a timely manner. Chairman Mao has a deep understanding of this. He believed: "Even if a victory is fought in the first battle, if this battle is not only not beneficial to the entire battle, but is harmful, even if the battle is won, it is only considered defeat."
Therefore, he asked: "Before fighting the first battle, you must think about how to play the second, third, fourth and even last battles in general. If I win the battle in order, how will the enemy change the overall situation, and if I lose, how will it change again. Although the result may not be as expected, it must be based on the overall situation of both sides and to truly understand that without the overall situation, you will not really throw a good game."
predicts the outcome of the battle action from the strategic overall situation, which is most obvious in the strategic decisive battle against Fu Zuoyi in the War of Liberation.The reason why the strategic decisive battle was first initiated on the Northeast battlefield was because Chairman Mao foresaw that if our army could successfully achieve the intended purpose of annihilation of Wei Lihuang Group on the spot, it would not only greatly shock the enemy troops of North China, East China and Central Plains, but also make Northeast Field Army a strong strategic reserve team of our army. No matter which battlefield it is used, it will be more confident and conducive to promoting the development of the entire battle situation. After the victory of the Liaoshen Battle, Chairman Mao did not wait for Chiang Kai-shek and Fu Zuoyi to react, and then carried out the Pingjin Battle, , annihilated 470,000 Kuomintang troops in one fell swoop, achieving a refreshing victory. Because Chairman Mao was able to objectively and correctly estimate the changes in the battle and to use troops in a timely and flexibly manner, the game of Liberation War was soon alive.
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