1937, with the help of the local organization of the South China Communist Party of China, Huake came to Yan'an as a messenger for Li Jishen and others. As soon as he entered Yan'an City, the atmosphere of anti-Japanese and national salvation that came to his face made Hua Kezhi extremely excited.
What Hua Kezhi did not expect was that he, a left-wing Kuomintang, received great courtesy in Yan'an. Not only did he live in a single room and eat small kitchens, he also met the world-famous Chairman Mao.
It was a meeting that would be unforgettable for Hua Kezhi. Before the meeting, Hua Kezhi was still very nervous. However, Chairman Mao's kindness and gentleness made Hua Kezhi feel relaxed and frankly talked about his experience and situation...
From anti-Chiang to assassination of Jiang
Hua Kezhi was born in a declining scholarly family in Jiangsu. The outbreak of the 1911 Revolution made Hua Kezhi's father run for him, and also made the 9-year-old Hua Kezhi begin to come into contact with the righteous patriotic sentiment. The outbreak of the May Fourth Movement made Hua Ke regard Sun Yat-sen as a model and determined to follow Sun Yat-sen for the rest of his life.
925 "May 30th" tragedy , which made Hua Kezhi and his Communist friends very angry. They immediately held a meeting and decided to mobilize students and citizens to carry out large-scale demonstrations and marches, and launch a vigorous anti-imperialist patriotic movement.
pic丨The Shanghai Federation of Trade Unions march
Due to outstanding performance, Hua Kezhi entered the Nanjing Party Department of the Kuomintang and served as the Youth Minister. Under his leadership, the Kuomintang and the Communist Party cooperated harmoniously, and the entire Youth Ministry was united and vigorous. However, this situation did not last long. After Chiang Kai-shek launched a counter-revolutionary coup, a "big purge" of the Communists and the Kuomintang left was launched across the country. For a time, Communists who were close friends with Hua Ke were successively missing and arrested, and Hua Ke himself was almost killed.
Faced with Chiang Kai-shek's various bad behaviors, Hua Kezhi angrily swore that he was irreconcilable with Chiang Kai-shek, a traitor to the Kuomintang.
In order to gain more support, Chiang Kai-shek sent people to lobby Hua Kezhi, hoping that he would surrender to him, but he was flatly rejected by Hua Kezhi. For this reason, Hua Kezhi was arrested and imprisoned three times. Thanks to friends within the Kuomintang who rescued him from multiple sources and even brought out many seniors of the Kuomintang, Hua Kezhi was able to escape.
Since then, Hua Kezhi resolutely embarked on the road of anti-Chiang.
After Chiang Kai-shek established a reactionary rule, Hua Kezhi left Nanjing where he had lived for ten years and came to Shanghai alone, and began secret anti-Chiang activities in the concession where the fish and dragons were mixed. At that time, many prominent figures in Shanghai were guests of Hua Kezhi. They were all loyal believers of Sun Yat-sen. They often discussed the current situation together and scolded Chiang Kai-shek for his actions.
Watching the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek, a large area of land fell into the hands of the Japanese, making Hua Kezhi and his friends increasingly unable to sit still.
pic丨Her years of Huake
933, Li Jishen and the 19th Route Army established a people's revolutionary government to fight against Japan and anti-Chiang, announcing the stop of the civil war in and jointly fight against Japan. At the invitation of Wang Yaqiao and Li Huaicheng, Hua Ke went to Fujian to meet Li Jishen before. The two fell in love with each other at first sight. Li Jishen admired Hua Kezhi's talent very much.
Before leaving for Fujian, Hua Kezhi conducted a detailed investigation of the Fujian government through his own relationship and learned that Chiang Kai-shek had bribed many officers and generals of the 19th Route Army, attempting to dismantle the people's government from within. Therefore, when Hua Ke saw Li Jishen, he suggested that he remove some personnel and strengthen cooperation with Red Army .
However, Li Jishen did not have military power. Commander Cai Tingkai, who held military power, was deeply influenced by the pro-Chiang faction and was hesitant. Except for a few supporting the 19th Route Army, most of the provinces expressed opposition and even took hostile actions. At the same time, under the influence of Wang Ming , the Communist Party of China has many doubts about the 19th Route Army.
Various adverse factors gave Chiang Kai-shek an opportunity to take advantage of the situation. Under the offensive of internal and external cooperation, the newly established people's government was subverted after only three months of existence.
Hua Kezhi returned to Shanghai smoothly through Hong Kong. The failure of the Fujian People's Government made Hua Kezhi and his friends realize that Chiang Kai-shek's foundation was already very solid, and only assassination could eliminate this revolutionary stumbling block.
From then on, Hua Kezhi and his friends changed from anti-Chiang to taking the path of assassinating Chiang.
pic丨Reports about Chiang Kai-shek's policy of non-resistance
In order to find out Chiang Kai-shek's whereabouts, Hua Kezhi and others decided to set up a news agency in Nanjing, and the "Nanjing Chenguang News Agency" came into being. Hua Kezhi's pseudonym Hu Yunqing is the president of the news agency, Zhang Yuhua, general affairs and editorial department director, He Poguang, interview director, and reporter Sun Fengming .
During the more than a year of establishment, they planned the assassination of Chiang many times, but they were unable to get close due to strict vigilance. It was not until the Sixth Plenary Session of the Fourth Central Committee of the Kuomintang was held in 1935, giving them the opportunity to assassinate Chiang Kai-shek.
At that time, Hua Kezhi was the commander-in-chief of the assassination operation, and Sun Fengming, who was skilled in shooting skills, shouldered the heavy responsibility of assassination. According to the arrangements of the conference, the Kuomintang members had to take a photo in front of the conference hall that morning, which was the only opportunity to assassinate Chiang Kai-shek. The members of
and others were all here. Chiang Kai-shek did not show up for some reason. The only people sitting in the front row were Wang Jingwei , Yan Xishan and others. After the group photo, the committee members began to return to the conference hall one after another. Sun Fengming had to squeeze out the group of reporters, took out his pistol and pointed it at Wang Jingwei, shouting: "Down with the traitor!"
Three shots, Wang Jingwei fell down in response, and Sun Fengming was also shot by Wang Jingwei's guards and fell to the ground.
This sudden assassination made Chiang Kai-shek the first object to be suspected. There was originally a conflict between the two, but it did not appear when taking a photo. Wang Jingwei's wife grabbed Chiang Kai-shek and cried and made a fuss, which made Chiang Kai-shek unable to defend himself and was wronged for no reason.
In order to clear himself, Chiang Kai-shek ordered Dai Li to solve the case within a time limit and be sure to find out the truth.
Picture丨Wang Jingwei, who is taking the oath,
Before the action, Hua Kezhi had made careful arrangements. Except for Sun Fengming, everyone else was properly hidden. As a result, a public servant from Chenguang News Agency was accidentally arrested and revealed the whereabouts of others, resulting in Chenguang News Agency and those who had contact with him being arrested one by one, and some unrelated relatives and friends were also implicated and imprisoned.
Hua Kezhi took the risk to return to Shanghai after avoiding the arrest of Shen ZuiHi several times and asked someone to help rescue the arrested comrades. At the same time, he also issued a "Letter to Compatriots in the Country", publicly claiming that the target of the assassination was Chiang Kai-shek and denounced Chiang Kai-shek's various crimes.
The failure of the assassination of Chiang Kai-shek made Hua Kezhi realize that only the proletarian revolution led by the Communist Party of China can change the status quo of China. Therefore, he made one of the most important decisions in his life - to go to Yan'an.
wanted to stay in Yan'an but was "rejected"
"Cheng Kai-shek's wanted orders spread all over the country. Dai Li mobilized military-control agents from all over the country to arrest me at home and abroad. He hoped that the CCP could give me a chance to work for the fight against Japan and the country. I will fight again and die." After telling his own experience, Hua Kezhi said to Chairman Mao with high morale.
Chairman Mao has long heard of Hua Kezhi's situation. After reading the "Letter to Compatriots in the Country" sent by Hua Kezhi, Chairman Mao admired Hua Kezhi's transformation and expressed his understanding of Hua Kezhi's eagerness. But Chairman Mao told Hua Kezhi frankly:
"You should not stay in an area controlled by the CCP, especially Anti-Grand and Shaanxi North University."
At that time, there were aspiring young people from all over the country gathered in Yan'an, but there was no guarantee that there were no Kuomintang spies mixed in. If Waltz's identity is exposed, it will put the Communist Party in a passive position. It will not only not guarantee Waltz's safety, but may also affect cooperation in anti-Japanese war.
pic丨Chairman Mao in the Yan'an period
Therefore, Chairman Mao hopes that Hua Kezhi will return to South China and continue to work with Li Jishen and others, and asked Hua Kezhi to tell Li Jishen and others that the past grudges with Chiang Kai-shek should be put aside first, and unite to fight against Japan can overcome the greatest crisis of the Chinese nation.
Finally, Chairman Mao confidently told Hua Kezhi that with the peaceful resolution of the Xi'an Incident, the unification of the whole nation's anti-Japanese war is just around the corner. Maybe when he returns to South China, the national war of resistance has broken out.
Hua Kezhi was originally a little confused about the Communists' proposal to release Chiang Kai-shek. After Chairman Mao's words, Hua Kezhi suddenly became enlightened and he increased his respect for the Communist Party's mind. His depression after the failure to assassinate Chiang Kai-shek was wiped out.
Before we knew it, the two chatted for 45 minutes. Several comrades were waiting outside Chairman Mao’s room. Hua Kezhi was embarrassed to disturb Chairman Mao again, so he hurriedly stood up and said goodbye. Chairman Mao sent him to the door.
Soon, Hua Kezhi took Chairman Mao’s top secret documents to Li Jishen and others and started a new journey of life.
After returning to South China, Hua Kezhi served as the messenger between Yan'an and the democratic forces in South China in accordance with the instructions of the Communist Party of China. In the autumn of 1938, Pan Hannian and Liao Chengzhi found Hua Kezhi and told him openly that he had been fighting individual guerrilla warfare for many years, and now the organization hopes that he will return to the team and work together.
Just a few short sentences made Hua Kezhi burst into tears and couldn't help himself. In this way, Hua Kezhi entered Pan Hannian's intelligence system and became the intelligence backbone of the South China Intelligence Bureau and Pan Hannian's right-hand assistant in his work.
pictures丨Pan Hannian is like
Since Zhou Fohai became a traitor, many relatives and friends around him have intentionally alienated him and even broke with him. He is quite disappointed about this. Hua Kezhi seized this opportunity and sent Ren An to approach Zhou Fohai, and through this relationship, he became Zhou Fohai's guest of honor.
Hua Kezhi and Ren An were not only close to Zhou Fohai, but also received the trust of Zhou Fohai's wife and brother-in-law. They obtained a lot of valuable information from this family and reported it to the organization one by one.
In the 10 months before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Hua Kezhi almost completely grasped all the whereabouts of Zhou Fohai, learned that Chiang Kai-shek had reserved nearly 200,000 troops for the civil war, and ordered Zhou Fohai to reorganize the puppet army in Shanghai in preparation for anti-communism.
These news were soon sent back to Yan'an by Hua Kezhi. Later, the Party Central Committee exposed the news in the newspaper, revealing the inside story of Chiang Kai-shek's secret collaboration with Japan and Wang to the world, making Chiang Kai-shek very passive in politics.
cleverly took military map
1946 After the civil war broke out, Zhou Enlai instructed the CCP personnel who stayed in Shanghai to divert and leave only a part of them to continue working in Shanghai. Pan Hannian, with several capable generals such as Hua Kezhi, was transferred to Hong Kong to form a new intelligence team to collect various intelligence from the Kuomintang.
After the Liberation War entered the counterattack stage, the battlefield gradually shifted from the liberated area to the Kuomintang-controlled area . The central government urgently needed a batch of accurate military maps for the Kuomintang-controlled area. The central government also heard that the Japanese had handed over a batch of precision-drawn military maps to the Kuomintang authorities, so they instructed Pan Hannian and others to try to get these military maps.
Pan Hannian immediately presided over the meeting. After discussion, everyone agreed that Hua Kezhi was the best candidate to complete this task.
map丨The map of China drawn by the Japanese army
Hua Kezhi really had a solution. Through his brother-in-law Chen Guangbin, he learned that the Kuomintang authorities also attached great importance to this batch of maps. At that time, Chiang Kai-shek personally ordered that Okamura Yasuji be kept strictly, and later handed over to the Second Department of the Kuomintang Ministry of National Defense, and a special department was established to keep it. The procedures for receiving the map are also very strict. Not only do you need multiple procedures, but you also need to personally approve the Director of the Second Department Zheng Jiemin .
However, Chen Guangbin also found out that Cheng Zhirui, the chief of the section chief who was responsible for keeping the map, was a student of him in Nanjing Central Military Academy in the past.Hua Kezhi and Chen Guangbin analyzed that if you want to take out the map in batches, the best way is to let Cheng Zhirui take it out voluntarily.
Cheng Zhirui is a politically ambitious person. He is not willing to be just a small section chief. Hua Kezhi grasped his mind, designed a set of rhetoric for Chen Guangbin, and created a moving scene of teachers and students meeting each other, asking Chen Guangbin to say that he wanted to organize a guerrilla force and promised him to be treated as a commander of Cheng Zhirui.
Cheng Zhirui saw that he finally had the opportunity to make a name for himself, so he quickly agreed to Chen Guangbin. Chen Guangbin encouraged Cheng Zhirui to take out the map and "play it", but it would be better not to let Zheng Jiemin know.
Cheng Zhirui was worried that he would not have a meeting gift. He thought that it was not troublesome to get a map for the teacher and could please the teacher, so he agreed readily.
A few days later, Chen Guangbin returned to Shanghai with a large bundle of maps and watched with Hua Kezhi with great enthusiasm. The maps drawn by the Japanese are very large in size and are drawn very clearly in any detail. After getting the map, how to safely deliver it to Hong Kong has become a trouble for Wake.
After many days of hard thinking, Hua Kezhi finally came up with a safe way.
pic丨Warkezhi and his wife are in Hong Kong
According to international law, the host country has no right to dismantle and inspect the mail from embassies of various countries abroad. If you can get the diplomatic inspection free mail bag, you can exempt the inspection of customs and Kuomintang spies. For this reason, Hua Kezhi found a friend named Ji Chang. His father was the ambassador to Europe and he had a deep friendship with an ambassador to China.
plus Ji Chang was already dissatisfied with the Kuomintang's corrupt rule, and his father was killed by the Military Intelligence Bureau spy office, so Ji Chang turned to sympathize with the Communist Party. Although Wakezhi never revealed his identity, Ji Chang had already guessed eight or nine points and happily agreed to provide convenience for Wakezhi.
The two discussed and decided to discuss a business with the ambassador to China as a tea merchant, who was born as a business counselor, and took the opportunity to transport the map out. Ji Chang suggested that Hua Kezhi pretend to be the grower of Longjing tea and use the excuse to open up the European Longjing tea market and ask the ambassador to China to help.
But Hua Kezhi knew nothing about Longjing tea planting. After all the plans were made, Hua Kezhi started to study behind closed doors without leaving home, learned a lot of knowledge about Longjing tea planting and management, and also tried to grow Longjing tea on his desk. In just a few days, Hua Kezhi became a good tea planter, and he was very knowledgeable about the Tea Classic.
Since the opening of tea gardens requires complete information, and the state prohibited the information on planting Longjing tea from leaving the country at that time, Hua Kezhi took the opportunity to propose that he could not leave the country with the information and needed to find another solution. The ambassador to China offered to put the information in the embassy's mail bag and send it to Hong Kong before transferring it out.
Just like that, this batch of precious military maps was sent to Hong Kong in five batches. Each time the delivery was wrapped in layers of wax paper, gauze and white cloth, and then sealed by Ji Chang in mail bags, and the recipient was stated in English.
pic丨Herbian's
In order to prevent it, Ji Chang also accompanied Hua Ke to Hong Kong before, successfully obtained five batches of maps, and sent them to the liberated area by sea, and handed them to the Party Central Committee. These military maps later played an important role in the battlefield of liberation.
In the War of Liberation, Hua Kezhi traveled between Hong Kong and Shanghai, using his complex social relations to collect a large amount of valuable intelligence for the Party and make important contributions to the cause of liberation. Until the founding of New China, Hua Kezhi insisted on working on the hidden front.
