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In the autumn of 1949, as the Kuomintang reactionary troops retreated steadily on the mainland, the victory of the War of Liberation also completely laid the foundation.
At 3 pm on October 1, leaders at all levels of the central government and many famous people from all walks of life across the country came to Beijing and boarded Tiananmen to watch a grand ceremony - celebrating the founding ceremony of the Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China.
And the one standing in the middle is the great Chairman Mao .
"" The Central People's Government was established today! "
Founding Ceremony
With Chairman Mao's passionate and loud announcement, the military band began to play " Marine ", and the first five-star red flag was raised in the center of the square. New China was officially established from this moment, and the Chinese people have truly stood up from then on!
However, at the beginning, the "founding date" set by the central government was not October 1, 1949, but New Year's Day on January 1, 1950.
So, why did the central government suddenly advance the date of founding three months? In fact, this has a lot to do with a suggestion from Stalin .
Chairman Mao and Stalin
The arrival of the revolutionary victory
At the beginning of 1949, with the victory of " Three Battles ", the main forces of the Kuomintang north of the Yangtze River have been completely wiped out.
This means the defeat of the Kuomintang The bureau has been completely foregone conclusion, and the cause of liberation in the country has gradually become more and more successful.
On November 21, as Tianjin was conquered by the People's Liberation Army, the defending Beiping Fu Zuoyi understands that the entire North China has "despaired", so he ordered his troops to lay down their weapons and sign the agreement with the central government on the peaceful resolution of the Peking issue.
On November 31, ten days after the two sides signed the agreement, Fu Zuoyi collected the last 250,000 troops stationed in Beiping City. Afterwards, the city gate was opened and slowly withdrew, while the People's Liberation Army entered the city of Beiping at the same time in an orderly manner.
Fu Zuoyi
Peaceful liberation of Beiping also became a reality at this moment.
At this time, with the successive victory on the battlefield, our army's work center gradually shifted from the countryside to the city.
On March 25, after detailed investigation and comprehensive consideration of the future liberation cause and the establishment of the New China and the new government, the central government decided to transfer from the revolutionary holy land of Xibaipo, Hebei to the Beiping city.
Before leaving, Chairman Mao, who had always been familiar with history, also humorously compared this transfer to "going to Beijing to take the exam". He told everyone: "We Communists must not be Li Zicheng . We must 'get a good score for the people'!"
And Premier Zhou also said excitedly: "We should all pass the exam, don't return!"
Chairman Mao and Fu Zuoyi
When the work of the transfer to the central base area was completed, the troops heading south had already assembled on the south bank of the Yangtze River.
On April 20, after the Kuomintang rejected the "Eight Treaties" proposed by our party, the Central Committee issued an order, and 1.2 million troops composed of the Second Field, Third Field, Central Plains Military Region, and East China Military Region, launched the mighty battle of crossing the river. They pursued and fought about 700,000 people in the Kuomintang Tang Enbo's troops and Bai Chongxi's troops stationed on the south bank of the Yangtze River. They broke through the last line of defense of the Kuomintang and liberated many strategic areas such as Nanjing, Wuhan, and Shanghai.
Seeing that the general situation was hopeless and the troops were defeated like a river breaking a dam, the Kuomintang general had to take planes and ships and flee to Taiwan Province in a hurry, completely giving up his rule over the mainland.
When the General Front Committee composed of Liu Bocheng, Deng Xiaoping, Chen Yi, Su Yu, Tan Zhenlin and others sent the good news of the success of the battle to Beijing via telegram, a burst of warm applause and excited shouts broke out on the spot, and Chairman Mao also showed a gratified smile.
The Battle of Crossing the River
Everyone knows: the difficulties and obstacles along the way are finally about to break through the past, and the dawn of victory in the revolution has arrived!
After the Battle of Crossing the River, the Kuomintang was no longer able to make up for the situation. Looking around the country, only the remnants of defeated soldiers and bandits in a small part of the Northwest, Southwest and Southland were left.
But these small forces cannot become any climate at all.
Therefore, the central government began to formulate a government establishment plan and a plan for the founding of the country. The most important thing is to establish the date of the founding of New China.
Founding Ceremony
After some discussion, the central government initially set the founding time of the country as New Year's Day of the second year, which is January 1, 1950. Settings like
have two benefits.
The first point is that before the arrival of 1950, we can free up time to completely wipe out the remnants of the Kuomintang forces still entrenched in the southwest and northwest regions.
The second point, also set the date at the beginning of the new year, not only symbolizes that a new era has arrived, but it can also adhere to Mr. Sun Yat-sen's will to overthrow the feudal government and establish a new era in which the people are masters of their own country. The proposal of
has also been unanimously agreed by most people.
However, when the central government was preparing to officially set this date as the founding date, it was shaken by a sentence from Stalin.
Stalin
Stalin's suggestion
On June 26, 1949, the Secretary of the Central Secretariat, who also served as the vice chairman of the Military Commission, led a delegation to the Soviet Union for visits.
The purpose of this visit was not only to bring good news to the Soviet Union that China's liberation cause had entered a comprehensive victory, but also to seek some help from the Soviet Union in the founding of New China.
As the largest socialist country in the world at that time, and was also the first country to start the cause of communist revolution, the Soviet Union had sufficient experience in this regard.
plus the Soviet Union was able to stand side by side with Western countries at that time, so the suggestions they put forward were of great significance to our country.
Liu Shaoqi
After Liu Shaoqi and others arrived, the Soviet Union immediately made very careful arrangements for him.
As the highest ruler in the Soviet Union at that time, Stalin also met with Liu Shaoqi very urgently.
"Congratulations on completing this great revolutionary cause. From then on, the Soviet Union had another socialist partner and another important 'comrade' in the world communist camp."
After the two met, Stalin held Liu Shaoqi's hand tightly and said deeply.
And Liu Shaoqi also replied excitedly: "Yes, this day has finally arrived! We will do a good job in communism, so that the people will completely get rid of the exploitation and exploitation of the old society, and let the new China stand up from now on!"
Then, the two sat in separate seats and held in-depth talks.
Stalin
At the beginning, the two chatted very happily and smoothly. Whether from the advancement of the Chinese revolution or the current international form, both sides maintained a very consistent view.
However, when talking about the founding of New China, Stalin had questions about the time of the founding of New China.
Stalin first asked Liu Shaoqi: "Comrade Vice Chairman, have you set the time for the establishment of the new government? When is the time to set?"
Then, Liu Shaoqi replied to it that it was January 1, 1950, which is the New Year's Day.
I thought Stalin would express his sincere instructions to the founding of New China, but unexpectedly, when Stalin heard this date, he frowned.
After pondering for a while, Stalin shook his head and then told Liu Shaoqi: "In my opinion, this date may not be set very well. I suggest you think about another day."
Chairman Mao and Liu Shaoqi
This statement made Liu Shaoqi very confused.
He quickly asked Stalin: "Why is this?"
Stalin said calmly: "At critical moments, grasping the timing is a very important thing. Since you have won a battle, you must end China's 'anarchy' as soon as possible, otherwise once unexpected things happen, it will become very troublesome."
Hearing Stalin's words, Liu Shaoqi, who has outstanding judgment in the political field, naturally understood his concerns immediately.
So he told Stalin that he would forward his opinions to the central government after returning to China.
Chairman Mao and Liu Shaoqi and others re-planned the founding ceremony of the founding ceremony
After returning to China, Stalin's suggestion was immediately learned by the central government.
and Chairman Mao was also Stalin's concerns and thought deeply.
In fact, the reason why I agreed to plan January 1, 1950 as the day of founding is to eliminate the unstable factors and hold the founding ceremony in the most secure way.
However, Stalin's suggestion reminded Chairman Mao of the current situation facing China's war internationally.
You should know that behind Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang reactionaries are Western countries led by the United States.
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During the War of Liberation, the United States provided a large amount of military supplies to the Kuomintang troops to support the reactionary army to launch an attack on the People's Liberation Army and the Liberated Areas.
In addition, the United States has sent air and naval forces many times to forcibly break into the Chinese field to assist Chiang Kai-shek's army.
Even during the Battle of Crossing the River, Britain sent a special fleet into the Yangtze River in an attempt to prevent the People's Liberation Army from breaking the Kuomintang's defense line.
Therefore, once it falls into a long-term anarchy, the United States and Britain will definitely make excuses internationally, forcibly insert the situation in China, and obstruct the founding of the new China.
Furthermore, the current international situation is turbulent and unpredictable, and no one can tell what will happen in the next period of time.
Chiang Kai-shek and the Kuomintang officers
So, if you delay for a long time, it may not only not only not maintain stability, but may cause other problems.
So, after some careful thinking, the central government decided to change the date of the founding ceremony three months in advance to October 1, 1949.
Although some people expressed different opinions when this proposal was put forward, believing that the cause of liberation should be completely completed first and then the founding of New China should be prepared.
Chairman Mao at the founding ceremony
But after comprehensive consideration, Chairman Mao believes that relying solely on the remaining forces in the country will not cause any waves to allergies. If the date is advanced, it will give the people of the whole country a "heart-boosting shot" and let everyone know that the victory of the revolution is unshakable.
So, the central government finally officially finalized the date of October 1.
