The history of the Anti-Japanese War is definitely a history in Chinese history that is worth remembering and repeatedly praised by future generations.
In the history of the Anti-Japanese War, there are many heroic classic stories and characters, such as Northeast Anti-Japanese United Commander and Martyrs Yang Jingyu , Hundred Regiments Battle , Bloody Battle of Taierzhuang , Nanjing Defense Battle , these characters and deeds are like bloody symbols, after more than half a century of rendering, flowing with golden brilliance.
In such a long epic scroll, " Railway Guerrilla " is also a brilliant name. The legend of Railway Guerrillas is called a legend because it has great speciality and unique significance.
In that difficult period, how hundreds of railway and mine workers made great contributions to the battlefield behind enemy lines relying on their wisdom and tenacity? These are the reasons why we always talk about the "railway guerrillas" and will always be tireless.
Who is the captain of the "Railway Guerrillas"? What military rank did he obtain after the founding of the People's Republic of China, and what was his final outcome? Let’s talk about these issues today.
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Railway Guerrilla War
Winning big battles has the benefits of winning big battles, and small victories in some areas also have the benefits of small victories . Don’t look down on these inconspicuous small victories that occurred in some areas of the Anti-Japanese War. On the contrary, it is precisely because of the continuous emergence of such small victories that laid the foundation for China’s victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan bit by bit.
In the vast battlefield behind enemy lines, there have always been many small-scale troops with established structures. These small-scale troops were not very conspicuous under the overall situation of the national war of resistance at that time, but in later generations, these small-scale anti-Japanese troops were very famous.
For example, the Honghu Red Guards, the Southern Anhui Detachment, the Hui Muslim Detachment, the armed forces behind enemy lines, and the railway guerrillas we are going to talk about today.
Same as mine war, tunnel war , and sparrow war , railway guerrilla war is a way of combat that destroys the enemy's railway line and uses the enemy's railway supplies to make a fuss.
Since the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance in 1937, the Japanese invaders have claimed to "straightly" China within one year.
This declaration certainly showed the arrogant attitude of the Japanese invading China, but it also showed the strong confidence of the Japanese invading China at that time in its hard power.
Chairman Mao told us to look at our enemies objectively.
Whether strategically or tactically, the Japanese invaders at that time said they wanted to "straightly" us, which was really the confidence, because the Japanese army at that time had a "near-territorial rear base" that had occupied and operated for six years.
Backing with the puppet Manchukuo, the logistics supply base and the continuous logistics supply, the Japanese invaders' battle with our Chinese army changed from cross-sea expeditions to nearby warfare. The nature of the war was adapted with the Japanese army's solid logistics supply.
In addition, The Japanese invaders have already established some large-scale railway lines and highway lines by occupying China, and can continuously deliver supplies.
Where the front line of the Japanese invading China is attacked, the logistics supply can be transported through the army . Moreover, this railway maneuvering method also strengthens the ability of the Japanese invading China to transport troops, allowing them to quickly draw troops, form a more attack less in some areas, and increase the advantage of military strength.
It can be said that after occupying our railway line, the Japanese army's combat methods can be flexible and changeable, but this also increases the difficulty of our combat.
In order to reduce the enemy's railway maneuver and bring tactical advantages to the Japanese army, and at the same time disintegrate the enemy's ability to transport troops and supplies from the backward direction to the front line, railway guerrilla battles began to appear.
In 1940, two years after the outbreak of the full-scale war of resistance, the Eighth Route Army Lunan Military Region established a small-scale military work team with a small number of people but strong combat capabilities - the Lunan Railway Brigade, and the first brigade captain was named Hong Zhenhai.
First Captain Hong Zhenhai
As the captain of the famous railway guerrillas, Hong Zhenhai is a person with a very strange experience, and the reason why he was able to become the first captain of the railway guerrillas is related to his experience.
Hong Zhenhai is a native of people in southern Shandong, and his hometown is Zaozhuang, Shandong.
Hong Zhenhai was born in Teng County, Zaozhuang, Shandong in 1910. His family is the poorest family in the village, but also the family with the most children. Because Hong Zhenhai's family has 12 children, he is just one of the twelve siblings.
As the saying goes, poor people think of change. In order not to let the whole family starve to death, Hong Zhenhai's father chose to send many children out and let the clan or blood relatives raise them.
And Hong Zhenhai was given to his married sister's house, and asked her sister and brother-in-law to raise him.
Children from poor families have long been in the family and have suffered enough to stay away from their parents. Hong Zhenhai is young and knows the feeling of living under someone else's roof. In order to make up for the burden on his sister, he took the initiative to follow his brother-in-law and work as a child laborer in the coal mine where his brother-in-law works as a coolie.
In that era, whether it was mines, mines, or factories, due to the existence of black-hearted capitalists, they were basically black mines, black factories, and child laborers from poor families like Hong Zhenhai were naturally exploited and bullied by black-hearted capitalists.
But as the saying goes, wherever there is oppression, there is law to resist.
At that time, there was already a party organization in Zaozhuang Coal Mine. Although it could not be made public, due to the activities of the party organization, many of the workers' team supported party members.
None of them is not a cultural person. No one understands what ideology is or what belief is, but everyone knows that 1 The Communist Party is the leader of the poor and speaks for the poor.
So, Hong Zhenhai also joined the party organization and became a red ghost in a mine.
In his youth, Hong Zhenhai organized several workers' movements and gradually established some authority for him. However, since there was no formal party organization to lead their struggle, it was basically a scattered warrior.
Child laborers in the mine area
Because of working in the open-pit mines for a long time, Hong Zhenhai and his worker brothers are both good at flying over the carriage and flying around the roof of the railway tracks.
Frequently scattered the Japanese army's railway tracks and intelligence work was also very exciting. Therefore, in the summer of 1938, Hong Zhenhai and his worker friend Wang Zhisheng decided to call their small troops the Zaozhuang Railway Team. Their daily operations were to harass the Japanese railway stations, not fighting, but specializing in small battles.
After a long time, they became thorns in the eyes of the Japanese army.
The regularization of the troops dates back to the beginning of 1940.
On January 25, 1940, the railway guerrillas were established in Chenzhuang Village, Zaozhuang County. They had more than 20 members, all of whom were elite members with rich combat experience.
From January of this year to December of the following year, Hong Zhenhai led his troops to carry out nearly a hundred battles of all sizes and sizes, with great results, which also made the Japanese army very afraid.
So in December 1941, while the cold wind was whistling and the troops were preparing to dwell in winter, nearly a thousand puppet troops "sweep" the railway brigade. As a result, during the breakout, the captain Hong Zhenhai fought fiercely with the enemy and was finally shot and died.
The second captain Liu Jinshan
The railway guerrillas are a force that emphasizes the leadership role of the backbone. The advantages and disadvantages of this kind of force are very obvious. The advantages of are internal unity. The entire force is like a precision machine, and each member is every screw on the machine.
Hong Zhenhai image
Under the unity and cooperation of all members, they implement the tactical intentions of the leaders well, so their combat effectiveness will be guaranteed.
But the flaw is that once a leader member has a change or sacrifice, every "screw" in the past will not be able to operate and become a mess.
Comrade Hong Zhenhai's sacrifice certainly made the members very sad, but the War of Resistance is still ongoing, so they can only endure the grief and decide the candidate for the new captain as soon as possible.
In fact, the loyal comrade-in-arms of Martyr Hong Zhenhai, Wang Zhisheng, who has been with him all the way, is able to serve as the captain, or temporarily take over the captain with his qualifications, ability and prestige. However, in the previous battles, Wang Zhisheng was also injured and was still in a coma in the field hospital in the border area.
The railway guerrillas need to make a new decision to launch a new railway guerrilla captain.
The choices of railway guerrillas are very consistent.
Hong Zhenhai’s Tomb of Martyrs
That is the best help of the first captain Hong Zhenhai, the first team leader Liu Jinshan, promoted by Hong Zhenhai all the way.
Liu Jinshan, a Communist Party member, his ancestral home is Caizhuang Village, Zaozhuang, Shandong.
Liu Jinshan's background, growth experience, class oppression, and hatred towards the landlord class and Japanese devils were similar to Hong Zhenhai. Therefore, after Liu Jinshan participated in several battles as a soldier, Hong Zhenhai valued Liu Jinshan very much.
Liu Jinshan
Later, Liu Jinshan was appointed as the team leader by Hong Zhenhai, and often helped him to plan and organize operations. Like Wang Zhisheng, the deputy captain of the sick, he was Hong Zhenhai's right-hand man.
So, when Hong Zhenhai died and Wang Zhisheng was hospitalized, the best candidate that the guerrillas thought of was Liu Jinshan.
Liu Jinshan
But the biggest difference between our party’s army and the Kuomintang army is that the appointment of officers of the Kuomintang relies entirely on speculation and personal feelings, while our Communist Party is different. The decision on any matter is the collective will of the party members in our organization, so collective voting is required.
Even if the former captain died and the new captain had not decided on such a critical moment of life and death, we will not shake the party’s basic principles in the appointment within the party.
For this reason, after asking for unanimous agreement from the soldiers, the brigade political commissar decided to put a bowl behind several candidates for captains in accordance with the old customs in the local rural areas.
This is the candidate seat.
As for the votes, the political commissar of the brigade took out a bag of soybeans and gave each person one. This is their vote.
The matter is urgent and simple. This is the most effective method that the political commissar of the brigade could think of in a moment.
Whoever I want to choose, put the beans in my hand in the bowl behind the man, and the soldiers went forward to put the beans in turn.
When the voting ended, the bowl behind Liu Jinshan was filled with soybeans.
After he was elected with the highest vote, the political commissar of the brigade made a written record and reported it to the superior military region in May 1942, requesting the military region's instructions.
Liu Jinshan
Soon, Lunnan Military Region issued an official document, officially appointing Liu Jinshan as the new captain of the railway brigade, that is, the second captain of the railway guerrilla brigade.
Although a new captain was replaced, the combat mission of the railway guerrillas remained unchanged, that is, to strip the railway tracks and break the traffic line.
Under the leadership of Liu Jinshan, the Railway Brigade continued to carry out railway operations.
The difference is that since Liu Jinshan is good at calculating and roughly understands strategies, the combat plans he planned often play a calculating style, and is willing to take advantage of others and refuses to suffer losses.
Every time you attack, Liu Jinshan's troops sometimes cut off a railway track, and sometimes they destroy a section of the railway. Sometimes they lie down at night, walk at night, and sometimes they take advantage of the day before dawn, and when the enemy's defense is most relaxed, they can often achieve good results.
And Liu Jinshan was very content. For him, whether it was a rail or a bag of food, even if it was a pistol, it was a victory.
This strategic attitude of being clear about oneself, being very sensible about one's own abilities, and knowing to win the greatest victory at the lowest cost is the strategic attitude that best suits the positioning of the second-line enemy rear troops, such as the railway guerrillas.
So, under the leadership of Liu Jinshan's strategic thinking, a few years have passed, and the railway guerrillas have not only been eroded and eliminated little by little under the enemy's blockade and oppression, but have grown increasingly in the cracks created by the enemy, and the number of people once increased from 100 to more than 300, which is comparable to a battalion.
In addition to taking on tasks such as railway raids and traffic station strikes, Liu Jinshan's railway guerrillas often have to cooperate with the central government's decisions and carry out some special and important secret tasks, such as escorting some "big figures" who are valuable and cannot be missed.
Founding General, formerly director of the General Political Department of General Political Department Xiao Hua , once recalled something to others after the founding of the People's Republic of China.
In 1945, before the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, Xiao Hua, as the director of the Political Department of the 15 Division of the Shandong War Zone, and Xiao Hua, the director of the Political Department of the Shandong Military Region, wanted to meet with the Central Military Commission, Yan'an, northern Shaanxi, to report on his work.
General Xiao Hua
Passing through the enemy-occupied area Zaozhuang area, Xiao Hua and his guards were "escorted" by local guerrillas.
And later he learned that he was received from the local detachment and escorted him all the way across Jinpu Railway , sending him safely to the next stage of the escort army Yellow River Detachment. The team was later famous armed forces behind enemy lines and the Lunan Railway Brigade.
Liu Jinshan's Tomb
Admiral Xiao Hua lived until 1985, and the production time of the movie "Railway Guerrillas" was also in 1985.
Although General Xiao Hua had not had time to watch this movie, in his later years, he looked at the novel "Railway Guerrillas" written by Liu Zhixia , and recalled that he was escorted by Liu Jinshan and his railway guerrillas. The feeling of being down-to-earth and stable was also considered to be without regrets.
"Railway Guerrillas" author Liu Zhixia
And Liu Jinshan himself was awarded the rank of colonel in 1955 after the founding of the People's Republic of China, which is a recognition of his previous military career.
Later, Liu Jinshan retired from office as a deputy army and died in 1996 in his later years.
