In the second half of the 20th century, under the background of the Cold War , human society began a wave of liberation.
In that era, the Soviet Union and the United States jointly weakened Europe, a large number of colonies in Asia and Africa gained independence, and the overseas territory of the old colonial empires of Britain and France were dismembered.
During this period, almost the entire Black Africa gained independence, but these new countries failed to adapt to the modern world quickly, but instead made Black Africa the most turbulent and least developed region on the earth after independence.
Not only that, the colonists also left a large number of historical contradictions in the local area. Small countries such as Rwanda also had a genocide that shocked the world at the end of the century.
After the outbreak of the Rwandan genocide in 1994, this country became the most infamous place of despair on earth. It is a negative textbook selected by United Nations and a recognized hell on earth. But in the late 1990s, Rwanda reorganized its regime, and President Kagame rebuilt Rwanda on top of the ruins.
After that, Kagame carried out a great national reconciliation at home, maintained national unity, and through learning the Chinese model, Rwanda was put on the track of rapid development.
In the past decade, Rwanda GDP has increased by more than ten times, per capita GDP is the first in Africa, from a pauper country in to a "little African strong". and even Some media hailed it as "Africa Singapore", and President Kagame is "Africa Lee Kuan Yew ".
So, how terrifying was the "hell on earth" of the Rwandan race back then? How did President Kagame bring Rwanda out of the bottom by "copying China homework"?
1. Rwandan genocide, a disaster left by colonists
Speaking of Rwandan genocide, although it is often mentioned internationally, few people have gone deep into the research on the root causes of the massacre.
The origin of the massacre starts from the end of the 19th century. At first, the Germans carried out colonial rule in Rwanda for more than 20 years, but because of their lack of colonial experience, the Germans did nothing in the local area and left very little legacy to the local area.
Until , after the end of , the Germans were defeated and the Germans were forced to hand over the colonies to the Belgians. . Since the arrival of the Belgians, the Rwanda place has officially entered the abyss.
Belgians took advantage of the racist craze that swept Europe at that time and began to screen the Rwandans.
Finally, the ethnic groups are distinguished according to the amount of property and the special physical body. The Belgians believe that the taller Tutsi people are a "more evolutionary" ethnic group because they have more assets, a larger skeleton, a three-dimensional nose, and a lighter skin color.
Simply put, the Belgians think they are "more western".
As for another type of , Hutu people, the Belgians think they are lower, and think they are indigenous people of the Negro race in Africa, often engaged in agriculture, and are poorer.
After dividing the noble and the inferior, Belgian supports the Tutsi as the ruling nation of Rwanda, while the Hutu, whose population accounts for 90% of Rwanda, is regarded as an inferior nation and becomes a serf.
This way of distinguishing caused serious differentiation in Rwanda. From the 1920s to the 1960s, the Tutsi occupied the upper class of Rwanda and controlled the national resources. The Hutu people at the bottom had poor living conditions, and they were very dissatisfied with the Tutsi.
html In the 160s, Rwanda was independent and the Belgians handed over the regime to the Tutsi people. The Hutu people were very dissatisfied and launched a military coup in the 1970s and established the Hutu government.
Hutu President Habiya Limana has been in power for 20 years. He has worked hard to maintain national unity, but the Tutsi people are dissatisfied with the Hutu people in Rwanda. The Tutsi people in exile established the "Patriotic Front" in Uganda , and fought guerrilla warfare with government forces all year round.
994, the flight on which Habiyalimana was on was shot down by anti-aircraft guns, and he and the president of neighboring country Tanzania died tragically. The Hutu people believe that this is a murder by the "Patriotic Front" with the intention to overthrow the current government.
Then, the Hutu people began to retaliate against the Tutsi. This revenge was organized. Some senior officials and wealthy Hutu people frantically incited civilians. The Hutu people took up weapons, mainly spears and machetes, and carried out indiscriminate massacres of the Tutsi.
Because Rwanda has been segregated for a long time, the settlements of the two ethnic groups are different, and the ID cards say ethnicity, so it is very easy to find the Tutsi.
Hutu people have a population advantage and have carried out massacres throughout the country. Tutsi men were hacked and killed, women were raped and killed, and even children were not spared.
From April to June 1994, according to UN statistics, 800,000 to 1 million people died in Rwanda, most of them were Tutsi, and a small number of Hutu were killed by manslaughter.
In addition, more than 200,000 women were raped, causing the rampant syphilis and HIV in Rwanda.
United Nations Security Council and WHO called on the country and society to pay attention to Rwanda, but the help provided by the international community is very limited.
At that time, the Cold War had just ended, and European and American powers no longer needed to win the support of small countries to defend against each other's expansion, so Africa became the "three no-couples", which is also the reason for the amazing destructive power of the Rwandan Holocaust.
In the end, the "Patriotic Front" of the neighboring Ugandan government forces and the Tutsi tribes fought in Rwanda, defeating the Hutu army, and ending the massacre.
2. Kagame took over the power, and Rwanda was regained stability
After the Rwandan genocide ended, rebuilding the regime became the top priority of the country.
At that time, the whole world believed that this country was over, the seeds of national hatred had been planted, and the country's economy was also severely damaged. According to precedents in Europe and Asia, this country would inevitably split.
But there is a person who doesn’t believe in evil. His name is Paul Kagame, which supports everything in Rwanda.
Kagame is a Tutsi native. He was born in 1957 in the Southern Province of Rwanda. His family is a descendant of the Tutsi kingdom in the southern part of the Tutsi kingdom in the south. He owns a large area of land and was once very wealthy.
But not long after he was born, a Hutu military coup occurred in Rwanda. Some Tutsi were massacred during the coup, and Kagame's parents immigrated to neighboring Uganda.
Kagame spent the first half of his life in Uganda. When he grew up, he went to the United States to study and received the title of Doctor of Philosophy.
htmlIn the late 180s, Kagame returned to Uganda and founded the "Patriotic Front" with local Tutsi students, and later became the leader of the organization.
After the Rwanda genocide ended, Kagame returned to Rwanda with the "Patriotic Front", defeated the Hutu army, and then set out to organize the government.
But although the "Patriotic Front" has the support of the Ugandan government and has obtained the Rwandan regime, Kagame, as the leader of the "Patriotic Front", dared not become president by himself.
After all, the racial hatred in Rwanda had not been completely extinguished at that time. Kagame, as a Tutsi, was afraid that his presidency would arouse opposition from the Hutu people.
So he first let Pasteur of the Hutu tribe become president, he himself became the vice president, and also served as the army leader.
Despite this, Kagame still said the same thing in the "Patriotic Front" regime. After he came to power, he formulated a series of measures to calm racial hatred in the country.
First of all, Kagame decided not to pursue the murderer of this massacre on a large scale, because it was a national crime, and the murderer was astronomical.
Therefore, the Rwandan government only regards the war criminals elected by the United Nations as the culprit of this massacre.
As for civil criminals, only a few hundred people were tried, and the rest were not investigated by the official, but were resolved by the "Gekaka Trial Court" in the thousands of people's courts in rural areas.
On the other hand, the new Rwandan government began to apply for an ID card, and there is no more ethnic information on it . There is no longer the names of Titusi and Hutu in Rwanda. Everyone has only one identity - Rwandans.
After that, the international community was amazed at Rwanda's racial reconciliation, and the continued revenge and division of the outside world speculation did not occur, and Rwanda seemed to have stabilized overnight.
Afterwards, Kagame rectified the domestic civil service team, trained the army, and brought the country to the regular.
During this period, Pasteur, as president, had a disagreement with Kagame. He believed that Kagame undermined him, so he started a palace battle with Kagame.
But it is obvious that Pasteur is completely in the mantis arm to drive the car. In 1998, Kagame became the chairman of the "Patriotic Front". Two years later, Pasteur resigned voluntarily and Kagame became the president of Rwanda .
Kagame began his rule for 20 years. He took China as an example and gave Rwanda's economic development wings.
3. The road to the West cannot be understood. I can only believe that Chinese people
000, Kagame became the president of Rwanda. He knew that poverty is the culprit of all sins. If Rwanda wants to completely get rid of his previous appearance, the most core point is to develop the economy.
In Kagame's eyes, the Westerner's method of "supporting compradors, allowing large companies to squeeze out African resources, and allowing small countries to become vassals of multinational companies" will only breed corruption and cannot fundamentally solve the development problem.
In this regard, Kagame has given up cooperation with the West.
Kagame looked around the world and found that only China's rise in recent decades is the most suitable third world country.
Since China's reform and opening up, GDP has grown for decades, the country's comprehensive strength is strong, and hundreds of millions of people have been lifted out of poverty. This is an unprecedented miracle in modern times.
Soon, the Rwandan government began to contact with the Chinese government, and a large number of officials came to China to learn from the scriptures and began to copy the " Chinese model " to Rwanda.
First of all, Rwanda regards agriculture as the basis of all economic activities . Kagame re-divides the land for farmers, so that every household has land to cultivate, and then introduces species suitable for growth to ensure that most people will not go hungry.
Then, Kagame signed a large number of orders with China to help Rwanda in infrastructure construction , which is the only way for a country to move towards industrialization.
As the saying goes, "If you want to get rich, build roads first." Without roads and railways, industry cannot be laid out.
After these things were done, Rwanda began to introduce foreign capital and opened industrial zones in China to transfer some labor-intensive industries , such as clothing, toys, and electronic assembly.
Rwanda's products were also first sold to China. China hardly taxed Rwanda's goods, allowing Rwanda's industry to operate at full speed.
With the development of Rwanda, the country has gradually stabilized. Kagame began to learn from China, fight corruption at home, and ensure the integrity of the bureaucratic system.
At this time, the Rwandan government had income and China provided loans. The medical, education, public security and other aspects of this African country have been restored and developed, and children in rural areas can also receive compulsory education.
At the same time, the medical level of the Rwanda capital is far higher than that of neighboring countries, and there are no more crimes on the streets because the police are patrolling 24 hours a day.
Rwanda's development momentum in recent years is particularly dazzling in Africa. From 2000 to the present, the country's GDP has increased by more than ten times, and only the north Ethiopia can compare.
Coincidentally, Ethiopia is also a country that "copys China homework", and the two countries have come together in this regard.
Rwanda is now known as "Africa's Singapore ", strongman President Kagame is known as "Africa's Lee Kuan Yew", and Rwanda is also known as "the top ten safe countries in the world", completing the transformation from "Purgatory on Earth" to "Paradise on Earth".
However, it is more difficult to reunite a poor and poor country with severe ethnic barriers and bring on the road of rapid development than Singapore's rise back then. From this point of view, Kagame really deserves this nickname.
Since China proposed the Belt and Road Initiative, Rwanda has also actively responded and joined China's future layout. I believe that in the future, China and Lukshay will further cooperate sincerely and become a role model for China's win-win cooperation with small countries.
text/Business Wild
Reference materials:
1, "Realization of Rwanda-China Win-Win Cooperation in the Post-epidemic Era", James Kimonho
2, "A Pioneer in the Research on "Ethnic Philosophy" in Africa: Interpretation of Kagame's Philosophy Thoughts", Zhang Hongming
