11956, Khrushchev made a secret report on Twenty-two Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, causing great shock and ideological confusion in Socialist camp. International communist movement has experienced major ups and downs. This warns that if people cannot correctly understand and deal with various contradictions in socialist society, especially among the people, it will be difficult to consolidate the socialist system, and it will be difficult to carry out socialist construction.
In China, due to the rapid completion of socialist transformation and the impact of aggressive development in economic construction that has not been completely eliminated, there are still problems such as bureaucracy in leadership work, and instability such as minority people causing trouble in some places. Actively facing and resolving the new contradictions that continue to emerge in our socialism has become a major issue of concern to the whole Party, especially the central leadership.
In the 20 days from October 21 to November 9, 1956, the Political Bureau of the Central Committee held more than 10 consecutive meetings, often all night long. Mao Zedong clearly proposed that we should summarize how socialism should be done. There are always contradictions, and how to deal with these contradictions has become a problem that we need to study carefully.
11 December 4, 1956, Mao Zedong wrote in a letter to Huang Yanpei, chairman of the China Democratic National Construction Association, : "Society is always full of contradictions. Even if the socialist society and communist society are the same, but the nature of contradictions is different from class society . If there are contradictions, it requires disclosure and resolution."
In his opinion, for contradictions, "there are two ways to expose and resolve contradictions, one is to the enemy and us, and the other is to the people. The former is to suppress the method, and the latter is to persuasion, that is, to criticize."
111 From January to March, 1957, Mao Zedong talked about how to deal with contradictions among the people at meetings of different sizes and different members. The most famous time was at the highest state meeting attended by more than 1,800 people on February 27. The atmosphere was always relaxed and harmonious in the speeches on correctly handling conflicts among the people for more than four hours, and laughter and applause were heard from time to time.
1 A participant later recalled, "When talking about the content of thrift and frugality, the waiter changed the water to the chairman. The chairman did not allow him to change it, so he grabbed the tea cup on the stage with the waiter. After a few rounds and turns, the chairman was angry and said to everyone, "You see, he forced me to change the tea before I finished drinking it. This is a waste! As a result, the chairman took the tea cup, and everyone was happy at this time."
Mao Zedong pointed out that the basic contradiction in socialist society is still the contradiction between productivity and production relations , the economic foundation and the superstructure. These contradictions can be continuously resolved through the self-adjustment and improvement of the socialist system itself. Mao Zedong proposed that resolving conflicts among the people can only be resolved using democratic and persuasive education "unity-criticism-unity" methods, and the correct handling of conflicts among the people will be elevated to the height of the national political life theme. He emphasized that the large-scale storm-like mass class struggle during the revolutionary period was basically over, and "our fundamental task has changed from liberating productivity to protecting and developing productivity under the new production relations."
11 On March 17, 1957, Mao Zedong took a special train to Hangzhou. He plans to take advantage of this trip to give a speech all the way, and the topic is still about how to deal with conflicts among the people. In Tianjin, Jinan, Nanjing and Shanghai, Mao Zedong made four reports in succession. He jokingly claimed that he had become a "lobbyist" and was talking a little bit everywhere along the way.
In his speech in Shanghai, Mao Zedong said: "Adopting the current policy, literature, art, science and technology will prosper and develop, the Party will always remain vibrant, the people's cause will flourish, and China will become a powerful country and make people amiable."He eagerly hopes to correctly handle conflicts among the people, "to create a political situation that is both centralized and democratic, disciplined and free, unified will, and has a comfortable and lively mood."
After Mao Zedong's 55 days of modification and improvement, on June 19, 1957, the article "On Issues on Correctly Handling Contradictions among the People" was finally officially published in the " People's Daily ", and soon in the country It caused a huge response inside and outside. This is an important theoretical work by Mao Zedong in socialist revolution and construction period, and it is of pioneering significance in the history of Marxism development.
Mao Zedong studied the contradictions and problems in socialist society in depth, formed a systematic theory about socialist social contradictions, enriched and developed scientific socialist theory , which has long-term guiding significance for the party and the cause of socialist construction.
