Today in Sasha's history.
Author: Sasha
This article is original by Sasha. Any media is not allowed to reprint
The Eight Banners system of the Qing Dynasty originated from the Meng'an Mouke system of the Jin Dynasty ? What are the differences between the two? September 28, 1906: The Qing government decided to rectify Eight Banners .
Why did the Qing government repeatedly rectify the Eight Banners?
The main Eight Banners children are really corrupt.
The Qing Dynasty claimed to be Later Jin , and the Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty also had a Meng'an Mouke system.
Eight Banners system originated from the Meng'an Mouke system of the Jin Dynasty.
This is not uncommon.
Since ancient times, nomadic fishing and hunting nations have basically adopted this system.
Meng'an Mouke system is very in line with the characteristics of these nations and takes into account the interests of all aspects.
Later Nurhaci established the Niulu system based on the Meng'an Mouke system of the Jin Dynasty, and eventually developed into the Eight Banners.
Let’s take a look at it little by little.
First of all, what is the Meng'an Mouke system?
This is a tribal alliance system that also takes into account centralization. The two words "Mengan" are very strange. In fact, "Mengan" can be understood as the centurion, and "Mengan" can be understood as "Mengan" .
"Mok" is a family unit, generally one or two hundred households. A family can produce at least several strong men to join the army, and a single Mouke can command at least 100 people.
More than 100 members of each Mouke commander are basically blood relatives. The so-called brothers who fight tigers, father and son fight in battle. Facing the enemy, relying on relatives to fight without regard for their lives, the strongest combat effectiveness.
As for "Meng'an" is a tribal unit.
The ancient Jurchens formed a tribe of several large families. They had various blood relationships and generally had the same distant ancestors.
Meng'an generally consists of 5 to 10 strait units, and the troops generally range from hundreds to thousands.
Meng'an leader was elected, called " Bo Jili ", and is generally the officer with the highest prestige and the strongest ability.
Meng'an Mouke basically followed the tribe and family model and did not break them apart. The model of
makes the army's most combat power, and the soldiers are more familiar with each other, making it easier for each other to trust.
Meng'an Mouke was used to hunt and defend tribes during peacetime, and became a combat army during wartime.
In the year before the establishment of the Jin regime by Aguda (1114), it stipulated that three hundred households were one Mouke and ten Mouke were one Meng'an, and this system was completely improved. The same is true for the Eight Banners system, there is no difference.
Nurhaci established Niuluezhen, which was later written as the assistant leader in Chinese.
Niulu controls about 10 people, and there is no difference between co-conspirators. It is also linked with bloodline, and is all relatives of its own tribe and is related to blood.
The Qing Dynasty's troops were weak, with only one or two thousand people. It was enough for Nurhaci to directly command the commander and assist the leader. With the rapid development of the Qing Dynasty, the troops were strengthened to a scale of tens of thousands. Nurhaci was unable to command so many people personally, and the system changed.
NiuZhangjing's number of people controlled by NiuluZhangjing has increased to 300, which is roughly equivalent to one battalion today. 5 Niulu is Yijiala, which is approximately equivalent to a regiment today. 5 Jiala is Yijiala Gushan , which is today's division.
As a result, the Qing Dynasty gradually formed the Eight Banners system.
Eight Banners system is no different from Meng'an Mouke, the essence is the same.
However, in peacetime, there are quite a difference between the two systems.
In the peaceful era, Meng'an Mouke began to farm, while the Eight Banners became professional soldiers.
After entering the Central Plains, in order to maintain the dominance of the Jurchens, the Jin Dynasty began to use Meng'an Mouke to control the local area and established a military farming system.
was stationed in important places with Meng'an Mouke and carried out military farming to control Han people .
Jin Dynasty taught fields and land for the Mökhu in Meng'an. Under the system of land allocation, they acquired land from the state. In 1183, each Meng'an Mouke household owned 275 acres of land and 2.2 slaves, and the tax burden was only one-44% of that of the Han farmers. Meng'an Moukehu thus became a small landlord and a small slave owner.
Unexpectedly, this system led to the rapid corruption of Meng'an Mouke.
They were originally nomadic peoples and were unwilling to carry out heavy agricultural production at all, so they rented the land to the Han people directly.
In this way, Meng'an Mouke has become a completely exploitative class, eating, drinking and having fun all day long.
people’s nature is to like comfort and comfort. Who is willing to endure hardships and fight to the death?
After twenty or thirty years, the Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty quickly became corrupt.
The new generation of Jurchen young people have superior living conditions and have long been unable to fight or are unwilling to fight. Jin army in the middle and late stages, almost all Han soldiers were soldiers. By the time of Wanyan Liang, the Jin army was almost the same as the Southern Song army. The so-called elite Jin soldiers who cannot be defeated have long disappeared.
When the Mongolian came to When the Mongols came, only some of the officers and direct troops of the Jin army were Jurchens, and their combat effectiveness was even more vulnerable.
The Mongols did not spend much energy to destroy the Jin Kingdom, and they also despise the combat effectiveness of the Jin soldiers.
According to the lessons of the Jin Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty formulated the Eight Banners Professional Soldier System. After entering the pass, the Qing Dynasty established the Eight Banners' standing army system and military pay system. After that, the Eight Banners soldiers became professional soldiers, used for garrisoning or conquest.
The Jurchens of the Jin Dynasty also needed to farm, and professional soldiers of the garrison in the Ming Dynasty also needed to farm, but the Eight Banners' children did not need it.
They only need to take the national military pay and conduct military training.
In the eyes of the Qing Dynasty rulers, this would maintain the strong combat capabilities of the Eight Banners soldiers, but unfortunately it was against their wishes.
Eight Banners soldiers were quickly corrupt. They didn't even need to farm, they just fooled them during training, and were idle, eating, drinking and having fun. Anyway, it's supported by the country. Their corruption speed was faster than that of the Jurchens in the Jin Dynasty.
Wu Sangui army at the end of the Ming Dynasty was so scared that they saw the braided soldiers.
When Wu Sangui led the rebellion of Sanfan , the Eight Banners soldiers were killed and fell into pieces. Everyone, it’s only more than 20 years apart.
During the Qianlong period, the emperor personally inspected the training of the Eight Banners soldiers. As a result, as soon as the horse ran away, the person fell off the horse and was injured (I haven't ridden a horse for many years). Attack the target and shoot 10 arrows in a row, the target is empty.
By the end of the Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners children had become synonymous with a group of people who were ignorant and idle.
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