On September 2, 1945, after twelve years of hard war of resistance, the Chinese people finally drove the Japanese invaders out of the country. But despite driving away the invading enemy, the whole country has been in decline after more than ten years of the War of Resistance against Japan and the lives of the people are struggling.
What China needs most at this time is peace. However, as soon as the Japanese invaders left, the Kuomintang government tried to provoke the war again.
At that time, Chairman Mao made a report on " on the United Government" on the Seventh National Congress of the Communist Party of China held by Yan'an , intending to show that our party hopes to establish a coalition government and seek peace.
In contrast, Chiang Kai-shek said incisively at the Sixth National Congress of the Kuomintang: "Today's central work is to eliminate the Communist Party!" ; "Japan is our external enemy, and the CCP is our domestic enemy!" ; "Only by eliminating the CCP can our mission be achieved."
Because it has just been praised by the international community and received Japanese military ordnance materials, the Chiang Kai-shek government was full of hesitation and believed that the CCP absolutely has no ability to compete with one.
Chiang Kai-shek's ambition was extremely inflated and he wanted to use troops to the liberated areas. However, with great powers such as Britain, the United States, and the Soviet Union, Chiang Kai-shek was not delicious and looked ugly, so he held a Hongmen Banquet in Chongqing in the name of peace talks.
Working for peace negotiations with people from all walks of life
Peace negotiations are the will of the people across the country, and the CCP and people from all walks of life have put forward the proposal of peace negotiations.
In the telegram of seven democratic patriots including Chu Fucheng in 1945, Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai clearly expressed their desire for peace.
re-commended the call and said: "If the people are eager for unity, and the public enthusiastically appeals to prompt the authorities to wake up, give up one-party dictatorship, hold party meetings, and immediately implement the most urgent democratic reforms, our party will be happy to negotiate."
In addition, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China also invited democrats from all walks of life to Yan'an and welcome the visit of all parties with an inclusive attitude.
The performance of the CPC Central Committee is in sharp contrast with the Kuomintang government. Chiang Kai-shek also knew that launching a war at will will inevitably attract the despise of the people of the whole country and even the whole world. So Chiang Kai-shek played the political card of "democracy".
On August 5, 1945, the China Democratic League issued the "Urgent Call in the Victims of the War of Resistance Against Japan", which mentioned: "Democratic Unification, Peaceful Country Building" slogan.
Chiang Kai-shek followed the flow, took over the slogan, and invited the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China to come to Chongqing for peace talks. He also made a sharp request, hoping that Chairman Mao could go to Chongqing to participate in the negotiations in person.
Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy
Chiang Kai-shek's methods are well-known, and in today's terms, there is no political bottom line. From April 12th to the southern Anhui Incident, Chiang Kai-shek disregarded international public opinion and created countless tragedies. Once Chiang Kai-shek's invitation to Chairman Mao was issued, everyone in the country was worried that Chairman Mao would be in danger of going to Chongqing.
At this time, Chiang Kai-shek also concluded that Chairman Mao would not dare to go to Chongqing in person with his own fault, and was preparing to put the CCP in a rejection of peace talks and blame the CCP for the civil war in .
Chiang Kai-shek's evil intentions could not escape Chairman Mao's eyes. Chairman Mao knew that only by going to Chongqing in person could Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy be crushed.
Chairman Mao is an amazing politician, and his mind is far better than Chiang Kai-shek. When Chiang Kai-shek held the Hongmen Banquet, Chairman Mao made a plan and turned the Hongmen Banquet into a stage to show the CCP’s political propositions. And from the very beginning, Chairman Mao made up his mind that this play on the stage should not only be sung, but also be sung well!
Chiang Kai-shek had several telegrams with Chairman Mao, and during which Chiang Kai-shek pretended to express his "gratitude" of hope that Chairman Mao would go to Chongqing to attend the meeting.
The first two telegrams, Chairman Mao used some Chinese diplomatic rhetoric to show weakness. Chiang Kai-shek thought Chairman Mao would not dare to go to the appointment, so he became more and more aggressive.Unexpectedly, Chiang Kai-shek received a reply from Chairman Mao the next day after sending the third telegram on August 22 of that year.
On August 24, 1945, Chairman Mao wrote in his third telegram to Chiang Kai-shek: I read the melody and felt very happy. I am eager to meet with you to discuss the plan for peaceful establishment of the country. When the plane arrived, Comrade Enlai immediately went to Chongqing for a visit, and my brother was also ready to go to Chongqing immediately. I have been in the meeting for a while, so I will return it hereby.
Chairman Mao suddenly agreed to go to Chongqing to catch Chiang Kai-shek off guard, and even wanted to arrest Chairman Mao in Chongqing for a while, but after thinking about it over and over again, he gave up this plan.
Chairman Mao in Yan'an also knew that the trip was very dangerous, so he made corresponding arrangements when he left Yan'an.
Before leaving, Chairman Mao suggested that Liu Shaoqi take over his position, and suggested that the Secretariat add Chen Yun and Peng Zhen as alternate secretaries. Such deployment ensures that when he and Premier Zhou are not around, there are still five people in the Secretariat of the Central Committee to hold a meeting to preside over the work.
Chairman Mao said before leaving: "I am going to work in the room... If it is under house arrest, there is no need to be afraid. I am going to do something there. Now the Soviet Red Army does not enter the customs and the US military does not log in. In form, China solves the problem itself. In fact, it is the three countries that are inquiries. The three countries do not want China to fight a civil war. International pressure is not conducive to Chiang Kai-shek's rule. The Sino-Soviet Treaty is beneficial to the Chinese people. The Soviet Red Army's capture of the three northeastern provinces has a great impact. Therefore, Chongqing can be and must be gone."
Chairman Mao should go to Chongqing. Finally, on August 28, 1945, Chairman Mao flew from Yan'an to Chongqing. Liu Yazi also wrote a special poem about Chairman Mao’s feat, praising Chairman Mao as “the great courage.” On the day of
Arriving in Chongqing, Chairman Mao accepted interviews from all walks of life. Take a cordial photo with military and political personnel from all walks of life of the Kuomintang at the airport. On the same day, Chiang Kai-shek held a welcome banquet for him at the official residence of the Cave Forest Garden in Chongqing.
After Chairman Mao arrived, he affectionately called Chiang Kai-shek the "Chairman" when he saw him, while Chiang Kai-shek called him "moist" one by one. The harmonious atmosphere between the two was like an old friend who had not seen him for many years. If others don’t know, they really think that the two are close friends!
Before coming to Chongqing, Chairman Mao had a division of labor with Premier Zhou. The specific negotiations are under the responsibility of Premier Zhou, while Chairman Mao is working hard to defeat Chiang Kai-shek's conspiracy.
In Chongqing for forty-three days, Chairman Mao did not hide in the apartment he was staying in as trembling as Chiang Kai-shek expected.
On the contrary, compared with the difficulties of the talks, Chairman Mao was extremely calm in this trip. 's daily itinerary is full. Not only do we often meet democratic people and participate in international activities, but we also accept interviews from domestic and foreign journalists in large quantities. Chairman Mao's wisdom and demeanor made the rumors that the Kuomintang government deliberately vilified themselves.
In a meeting with Zhang Lan, chairman of the Central Committee of the Democratic League, on August 30, 1945, Zhang Lan said to Chairman Mao: "This is obviously a fake drama played by Chiang Kai-shek! The Kuomintang and the Communist Party need to negotiate. You can just talk like in the past, Mr. Pinelai and Mr. Ruofei, just come and talk. Why bother Mr. Runzhi's big move..."
Mao Zedong said to Zhang Lan humorously: "He wants to act a fake drama of democracy, so let him act a fake drama, let the people of the whole country be the audience, see the truth and the false, and distinguish right from wrong. This drama will be of great value!"
In addition to those patriots who support peace talks, Chairman Mao also did not forget to contact the active anti-communist elements in the right-wing Kuomintang. also includes Chen Lifu , Dai Jitao and others.
Chairman Mao’s secretary Wang Bingnan and many entourage members were surprised, and felt that it was unnecessary to contact these anti-communist elements.
. Faced with these questions, Chairman Mao said with a smile: "These people are anti-communist.But wasn’t I coming to Chongqing to negotiate with anti-communist leader Chiang Kai-shek? The Kuomintang is now in power with the right. To solve the problem, it is not enough to just find the left. They agree to cooperate with us, but they do not have power. also needs to find the rightists to solve the problem, and we cannot give up contact with the rightists. "
As a result, when Chen Lifu and Chairman Mao met, they were shocked by Chairman Mao's words. Chairman Mao bluntly stated that the Kuomintang was betrayed the revolution and betrayed the revolution. During the entire meeting, Chen Lifu was in a mess and could only express his support for the peace talks.
Cheng-shek's subordinates reported to him Chairman Mao's itinerary, and Chiang Kai-shek was also very angry. As soon as Chairman Mao arrived, he arrived, he was very angry. Chongqing took control of the whole game, which made Chiang Kai-shek feel dilemma and a dilemma. Now, it’s easy to ask for gods and it’s hard to send gods. Chairman Mao even acted as if he wanted to stay in Chongqing for a longer period of time.
After that, the negotiations between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were several deadlocked. Both sides were stalemate on the disarmament and the concession of territory in the liberated areas. Moreover, the joint government plan proposed by the Kuomintang authorities is still one-party dictatorship. Just want to enthrone the Communists.
Chiang Kai-shek underestimated the Communists' determination to revolution. The Communists have the people in their hearts, so how can they be bought by banning officials?
But despite the huge differences between the two sides, , with the active mediation of Premier Zhou and Zhang Zhizhong, reached an agreement that both sides could accept.
, which agreed that both sides recognized the basic policy of peaceful establishment of the country and agreed to resolve it through dialogue. All disputes. And insist on long-term cooperation, resolutely avoid civil war, build an independent, free and prosperous new China, thoroughly implement Three Principles of the People, etc. And the most important thing is that the issue of the Communist Party of China's layoffs has been unresolved.
In fact, at this time, everyone knows that the Chongqing peace talks can no longer have substantial results. Chiang Kai-shek angrily shouted to his subordinates: "I have 4 million troops, I will do whatever I want! ”
In order to ensure the safety of Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai proposed to the Kuomintang representative in early October, " Chairman Mao Zedong has been in Chongqing for more than a month. On some issues, it is difficult for the Kuomintang and the Communist Party to reach an agreement in the short term. We decided to let Chairman Mao return to Yan'an first. "
Korean Party knows that it is not a solution to keep Chairman Mao in Chongqing. Maybe Chairman Mao will have more political activities, so Chiang Kai-shek will be more passive.
In desperation, he could only agree to Chairman Mao return to Yan'an. Before Chairman Mao left, the two sides sorted out the records of previous negotiations into an agreement document of intentional nature - "Minutes of the Meeting between the Government and the Communist Party of China", which is what we call today " Double Ten Agreement ".
The confrontation between leaders of the two parties
The day before the signing of the Double Tenth Agreement, Chiang Kai-shek kept Chairman Mao in Linyuan, Chongqing’s official residence. The two tasted tea in the garden and talked about the story.
Chiang Kai-shek invited Chairman Mao to plant trees in the garden with one of them in the morning. The two looked like two old farmers in the garden, but everyone knew that they were drunk and did not drink. This was also the last time the two had face-to-face confrontation.
Chiang Kai-shek said with emotion: "Runzhi, your appearance reminded me of the way you gave lectures to farmers when you were in the Guangzhou Farmers' Lecture House. "
"I remember that the Chairman was leading an army of 100,000 to marching in Northern Expedition ..." Chairman Mao responded with a smile.
Then Chiang Kai-shek said again: "The 100,000 soldiers back then have now grown to 5 million. You also have a million troops and dominate one side. Runzhi, it would be great that you could follow me back then. China would not be as chaotic as it is now, and the road ahead is boundless."
Chairman Mao asked Chiang Kai-shek: "How should the Chairman clear away the fog and see the sunny day? "
Hearing this, Jiang followed the way down and said: "Of course, we must unify. Only when the world is united can the people be at peace and the road ahead be bright..."
Chairman Mao smiled and said to Chiang Kai-shek: "So the Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with the general trend of the world, long-term division will lead to unity, and long-term integration will lead to division. "
" It is best for a country to have only one politician, one political party and one leader. , or else, it will be like those tree forks, each with its own length. "
Chairman Mao's pearls fall into the jade plate"I think it's better to have lush branches and leaves. Only necrotic trees will have no branches and leaves. In China today, the one who contributes the most is the best. Only a political party that works hard for the interests of the people can lead the people towards the rejuvenation of the nation. "
" Brother Runzhi Gao Lu, Zhongzheng agrees very much. You misunderstand me. I don't want to be the main trunk of this. After the country is unified, the presidential position will be the only one. "
Chairman Mao smiled and waved his hand and said, "Chairman, how can one grant the authority of a country be privately granted? As long as there is peace, unity and democracy, no matter who becomes president, China will usher in light. By then, the cheerful chrysanthemums, leisurely under the eastern fence, saw the southern mountains. "
Chairman Mao's answer was a pun, which implied that he would continue to fight for rights and interests openly during the peace talks, and also implicitly mocked Chiang Kai-shek's behavior of colluding with powerful people to form cliques for personal gains over the years. Chiang Kai-shek's face looked very ugly.
In this way, the supreme leaders of the two parties ended the conversation in such a "relaxed atmosphere". Chairman Mao, who returned to Yan'an, knew that Chiang Kai-shek was unsuccessful and would take the initiative to use troops to the liberated areas. . So he discussed with Marshal Zhu De and made active preparations.
. On the other hand, Premier Zhou still actively contacted patriots within the Kuomintang and did not give up the opportunity to fight for peace.
But in the end, things went against his wishes. The Kuomintang unilaterally tore up the "Double Ten Agreement" and launched a large-scale attack on the liberated areas at the junction of Hubei and Henan on June 26, 1946. So the more than three-year liberation war began.
