"The Empress Dowager Marries" was a major mystery in the early Qing Dynasty. It is about the grandmother of Emperor Kangxi, that is, Shunzhi, the emperor's biological mother Borjijit's marries Dorgon . Borjijitdo was born into the so-called "Qichou Family" of the Korqin tribe in Mongolia. At the age of 14, he married the eighth son of Nurhaci, Huang Taiji, and was known in history as "Empress Xiaozhuangwen". She was a smart and strategic woman. When her husband Huang Taiji was in power, she "sponsored internal affairs, and the next year she had been." After her husband died, he was in pain and wanted to die for his life. Emperor Kangxi would never forget this wise grandmother: "I remember that I lost my parents early, and I followed my grandmother for more than 30 years, and I was able to succeed. If I had no grandmother, the Empress Dowager, I would never be able to do so. It was established today,
" Empress Xiaozhuang Wen " was 76 years old. When he was dying, he said to Kangxi: Your grandfather has been buried for a long time, so you no longer need to open his tomb. Besides, I miss you father and son very much, and I don’t want to stay away from it. So I hope to be buried near Xiaoling , so I feel relieved. Kangxi followed his will and temporarily placed the coffin in the Eastern Qing Tombs, and it was not officially buried in the underground palace until the third year of Yongzheng. Dorgon was Huang Taiji's younger brother. That is, Shunzhi The emperor's uncle. He had many titles throughout his life, and he was first named Beller, later named Melgenqing (meaning King of Clever), Prince Rui , and was called the Regent and the Regent during the Shunzhi period. In the records of Koreans at that time Most of them are called "Nine Kings". In the works of foreign missionaries, they are called "King Ama, who is "intelligent and wise, and has extraordinary strategy". Most of the systems after the Qing Dynasty entered the pass were planned by him. It can be said that the Qing Dynasty's regime was The actual pioneer.
Dorgon was only 39 years old. He was stripped of his title and destroyed his tomb just two months after his death. Some records say: Shunzhi "ordered the destruction of King Ama's gorgeous tomb... dig out the corpse, beat it with a stick, and whip it with a whip, and finally chopped off his head and showed it to the public." It was not until the later years of Kangxi that he issued an edict to make it snow.
The romance of the Empress Dowager "marrying" Dorgon began to spread in the early Qing Dynasty. But whether there is any such thing is not clearly recorded in the official documents has not yet been concluded.
The doubts about the empress dowager marrying Dorgon were caused by the two seven-character poems included in "Qiyuncao" by Zhang Huangyan, , titled "Jianyi Palace Ci":
, Shou Shang is He Yaozun, Ci Ninggong is full of the door; the new ritual note was entered yesterday in the Spring Palace, and the great ceremony was honored to meet the marriage of the empress dowager. Yeting still talks about the Kan family, and I am so good at choosing a widow's boudoir as my mother's ceremony;
Jianyi refers to Jianzhou's Yi, which is the despicable title of the Qing Dynasty by the remnants of the Ming Dynasty. The cup is a cup of wine. He Yao refers to getting married. Cining Palace is where Xiaozhuang lives. Kan is the official wife of the monarch who was called the monarch in the Han Dynasty. The first seven lines of the poem have nothing to explain, it is nothing more than slandering and uglying the monarch of the enemy country. The last sentence is quite puzzling. If you look closely, it turns out that Dorgon has no son and takes his younger brother Duoduo's son as his heir. Manchu called the guard "Xia Erduoduo's position at that time had the position of "Shi Erduoduo's inner minister". It seems that Xia Zi refers to Dorgon's adopted son Dorbo. In other words, Shunzhi's son married with his mother. Being a "dragon" does not have to take Duoduo's "shrimp" as your child. People used this poem as nonsense, but from multiple evidence analysis, " Empress Dowager Marrying" is indeed a fact.
First of all, from the Manchu marriage customs at that time, it often happened that sister-in-law married her uncle and brothers took their brothers and wives. This is not surprising. There are even marriage customs that do not care about generations ( Han ethics call it "incest" Considering this historical background, there is nothing difficult to understand about the combination of Xiaozhuang, who was widowed in his prime and his heroic brother-in-law Dorgon. For example, Emperor Shunzhi's eldest brother, Huang Taiji's eldest son, and Prince Su Haoge After his death in the political struggle of the Qing aristocrats, his two wives were married to Dorgon and Ajige , respectively. Concubine Zhuang is a Mongolian . When he was 13 years old, he married to his aunt. Huang Taiji was favored for many years because of his beauty, intelligence and ability. He gave birth to three daughters and one son. His son was later made Emperor Shunzhi.When Huang Taiji died in 1663, Concubine Zhuang was only 31 years old. Although she was respected as the queen mother, she was still in her prime and beautiful. Dorgon holds great power, how could he miss this opportunity given to heaven? At this time, the Qing Dynasty had just entered the pass, and the Manchu nobles had just entered Beijing from the northeast. They were very influenced and bound by Han culture and general ethics. They also retained a large number of old marriage customs when they were in the northeast, such as the remarriage of the Qing royal family and the widows among the nobles. Things happen from time to time. Therefore, it is normal for Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang (Concubine Zhuang) to marry his uncle Dorgon. We must not use the traditional outline and ethics of the Han people to demand and view the Manchu royal family in the early Qing Dynasty.
When Huang Taiji died, Concubine Zhuang was only 31 years old, and her son, who was only 6 years old, succeeded to the throne. One is a widow in his early thirties, and the other is a naughty boy who only knows how to play. At that time, Prince Rui Dorgon was actually the one who took charge of the military and political power in the court. He held heavy troops in his hand and became a figure in the court. Even the emperor's seal " Jade Seal " was moved to the Rui Palace for use to serve in the world. The young emperor was at risk of being deposed at any time. It is believed that in order to preserve the throne of Emperor Shunzhi, Xiaozhuang committed himself to his brother-in-law Dorgon.
The person who holds the marriage theory particularly emphasized that in the Shunzhi Dynasty, Dorgon publicly regarded himself as the emperor's father, and his title was "the emperor's father and the regent". Only when the emperor's mother married, Dorgon could be called "the emperor's father and the emperor's mother married. Be the "Emperor's Father". People believe that the process of changing Dorgon's title reflects the process of the marriage between the Empress Dowager and Dorgon from secret to public. "The Record of the Lee Dynasty of Korea" records that the title of "The Emperor's Father" not only caused a sensation across the country, but has even been "the Shrine overseas: "The Record of the One of Korea's Innocent Josephs (The Record of the One of the Emperors of the Years" records: 27 years of Ji Chou (the sixth year of Shunzhi, the Emperor Shizu of the Qing Dynasty) On the second day of Renyin, the emperor said, "In the Qing Dynasty's consultation, there was a 'emperor' regent'. What's the point?" Jin said, "I asked about the envoy, and then replied, "Now, I will leave the word Shu, and I will go to the court." Congratulations, and the emperor is one with the emperor. "The emperor said, "Then the two emperors are." The kings found that this move was no different from the "two emperors". Was the Qing Dynasty really so ridiculous that it was not so ridiculous that it was not possible. ? Of course not. At that time, the Qing court was advocating Confucianism and widely recruited scholars from all over the world. They would never do such a confused thing as being regarded as a laughing stock by the world , but the "emperor's father" The word "definitely" has been dictated that the world is full of imperial edicts, and one dynasty and two emperors are already an indisputable fact.
According to the funeral system of the early Qing Dynasty, the empress and concubines must eventually be buried with the emperor. However, Xiaozhuang was buried in Zunhua 's 's Qing Eastern Tombs 's Feng Shui wall, but was not buried in the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Shenyang with Emperor Taizong of Qing Dynasty. According to the Qing system, she should be buried next to the Zhaoling Mausoleum in Shenyang because she was Huang Taiji's Concubine Zhuang of Huang Taiji. But as a result, she was buried in the Eastern Qing Tomb in Zunhua, Hebei. She was lonely and helpless, and the tomb was outside the "Feng Shui Wall" of the Eastern Tomb. This kind of burial method that is contrary to common rituals has been caused for many years. There may be some hidden hidden things among people's various discussions. Some people believe that this is Xiaozhuang's facelessness in the underworld because of remarriage. Huang Taiji's deliberate arrangement. There is indeed such record in historical materials. The empress dowager said in her will, "I am humble and can't bear to disturb Huang Taiji anymore." This is really an excuse. Kangxi naturally knew about his grandmother Xiaozhuang's thoughts. But Kangxi felt that there was no such precedent for burying his grandmother alone, which was very difficult, so he left this problem to his son Yongzheng and placed Xiaozhuang's coffin on the ground of Dongling It was parked for 38 years until the third year of Yongzheng (1725). It should be noted that the five emperors, 14 queens and 136 concubines who were buried in the Eastern Qing Dynasty were buried. Within the Feng Shui wall, only Xiaozhuang is buried outside the Feng Shui wall. Why is this? Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang died of illness in 1689 at the age of 76.
On December 24, the 17th year of Shunzhi (1660), due to the illness of the wet nurse Li, Shunzhi surrendered to the Ministry of Rites, with a few words: "King Rui regent At that time, the Empress Dowager and I lived in the palace, and after a long time of experience, we could only see each other, so that the Empress Dowager was deeply concerned about her. The Wetness Mother did her best to protect and lure her, and the Empress Dowager relied on her kindness to comfort her."This accidentally revealed that the young emperor Shunzhi and his mother Xiaozhuang lived in separate palaces, and the Empress Dowager did not live in the palace, otherwise why did the mother and son "get to see each other after a long time"? The Empress Dowager was deeply concerned, why But don't visit the emperor? Why doesn't the emperor visit his biological mother to understand the "Empress Dowager's kindness"? In the matter of diligence, there must be a force beyond both that destroys the relationship between mother and son. This force, besides many Who else can I have besides Ergon? In addition, Xu Ke’s “Qing Bai Lei Chao” has a detailed record of “the empress dowager married the regent”.
About the empress dowager Xiaozhuang’s marriage to Dorgon , Although the Qing royal family was later influenced by the Han people and strengthened the concept of ethics, they were not allowed to do so. In official history, even the original records have been deleted and modified, making it difficult for us to find formal records about this matter today. We can still see formal records about this matter from many historical materials, and we can still see many historical materials. There are obvious traces of this matter. For example, the " batch red " title book of the Shunzhi Dynasty in the Forbidden City of the Qing Dynasty and "Donghualu" records that the Empress Dowager and Dorgon got married more than one by one since the fifth year of Shunzhi. Ergon changed from "the emperor's uncle, the regent" to "the emperor's father," and "in person to the inner courtyard of the palace", "proclaimed himself as the emperor's father. If the empress dowager did not marry, this matter would never be accepted by Emperor Shunzhi. of. The story of the Empress Dowager's marriage spread widely. As mentioned above, the notation poems of people at that time were extremely ridiculed and sarcastic, but it was also a powerful evidence of this historical event. In October 1946, modern scholar Liu Wenxing wrote an article "Notes on the Daily Life of Dorgon, the Regent of the Emperor's Father in the Early Qing Dynasty", which stated that in the first year of Xuantong (1909), his father, , Liu Qirui, served as a bachelor's attendant in the cabinet and was ordered to clean up the cabinet. The archives of Daku said, "The empress dowager was given the imperial edict to marry the emperor's father and the regent during the Shunzhi period." If this edict really exists in the world, it will undoubtedly be the most authoritative evidence for the empress dowager's marriage.
