On January 9, 1512, someone completed his mission in the world and returned to the dust.
In Chinese history, the literati use three soldiers as the most: Zhuge Liang, him and Mao Zedong; there are only two and a half saints who can accomplish the three immortal sages: Confucius, him, and the other half. Zeng Guofan.
王阳明
He is Wang Yangming, his real name is Wang Shouren, he was born in a prominent family in Yuyao, Zhejiang, and he was born extraordinary. According to legend, before he was born, his grandmother dreamed of the god of heaven's clothes and jade, preaching in the clouds, holding a naked child, and falling from the sky. So his grandfather named him Wang Yun, and named his place of residence "Ruiyun Tower". It's just that after Wang Yangming was born, he still couldn't speak at the age of five. Maybe, this is the so-called big wisdom.
The young Wang Shouren has a good family background, so he has a very superior learning environment. He also laid a solid foundation for his later philosophy of "Xin Xue". Wang Yangming, Confucius, Mencius, and Zhu Xi are collectively called the "King of Confucius and Mencius". It's just that for a long time, his brilliant philosophical and ideological brilliance not only concealed his political and military achievements, but also concealed his achievements in calligraphy.
Wang Shouren's "Jiao Ting Shuo" is the same as
Actually, Wang Yangming can also be called everybody in calligraphy. Xu Wei, a great master of the Ming Dynasty, once called the book saint Wang Xizhi "cover his people with books", and Wang Yangming "cover his books with people". According to investigations, Wang Yangming is actually the 40th grandson of Wang Xizhi’s uncle Wang Dao. Wang Yangming's calligraphy inherited the "Two Kings", but he was more free to play, showing the demeanor of a generation. Not only learned from the ancients, but also self-satisfied, the precedent of the romantic book style in the middle and late enlightened period.
"Jiao Ting Shuo" is one of Wang Yangming's masterpieces. It is an article written by Wang Yangming's father Wang Hua and Fang Qiuqing after his friend Fang Qiuqing established "Jiao Ting". The article discusses those who have been overly soft, use rigidity; those who are too kind, use perseverance; those who are too extravagant, use thrifty and other principles. It is believed that if a person wants to become perfect, he must always pay attention to correcting virtues and strengthen cultivation .
Wang Yangming loves calligraphy and is very diligent in writing. He has studied calligraphy day and night and is completely immersed in it: "I don't know when at this time, I don't know where I am. where". It is said that after Wang Yangming got married, he temporarily lived in the official residence of his father-in-law. There are a few boxes of paper in the room. Wang Yangming uses these papers to practice calligraphy every day. When he leaves for home in December of the following year, the boxes containing the paper are empty, which shows his hard work in learning books.
The theoretical system of Yangming's Philosophy of the Mind is "Mind is Reason-Unity of Knowledge and Action-Leading to Conscience" . How good is Wang Yangming's mind learning? Japan's rapid rise and its rivalry with European and American powers are all due to the Meiji Restoration. The most important driving force behind the Meiji Restoration was Yangming Xinxue. Japanese military god Togo Heihachiro shared his secret of success at the Emperor’s celebration banquet. It came from a waist card with only seven words on it: "Let’s bow down and worship Yang Ming."
Wang Yangming was admitted to the Jinshi at the age of 28, became the chief of the Yunnan Qingli Department of the Ministry of Justice, and entered the official career. At that time, Wang Yangming, the chief of the Ministry of War, risked his death to write a letter because he was dissatisfied with the eunuch Liu Jin's frame of ministers, but he was beaten forty by Liu Jin, and was demoted to Longchang Station in Guizhou as an inferior post. Liu Jin even planned to kill Wang Yangming on the way to his post. Fortunately, the clever Wang Yangming created the illusion of committing suicide by drowning in water and escaped this disaster.
Guizhou Longchangyi is full of thorns and sparsely populated. Wang Yangming had to live in the cave and grow food and vegetables by himself. As the saying goes, there must be blessings if you survive a catastrophe. He finally realized: "The way of a saint, my nature is self-sufficient, and those who seek reason from things are wrong." This is the famous "Longchang Enlightenment." The "Tao" of Wang Yangming's enlightenment is the way of my heart, the "origin heart" that we all have, that is, the original intention. If you encounter any problems, you don’t have to seek out, butSeek reason in your heart.
Wang Yangming pursues "pleasure and nourishment by swimming in creation", "the state of leisure is all business, and the state of "true happiness" or "true enlightenment" is quietly comprehended. His calligraphy reflects exactly This kind of detached joy, a highly free spiritual realm. Looking at Wang Yangming’s calligraphy, we can see that his calligraphy creation is also a process and experience of "knowledge and action", which reveals his surpassing true temperament.
So how did Wang Yangming comprehend the method of learning calligraphy? There is a passage in his handed down masterpiece "Biography of Xilu":
"I started learning books, yes Imitation of ancient posts, only the shape. After holding the pen, do not drop the paper lightly, contemplate calmly, emulate the shape in the heart, and begin to learn the method for a long time. After reading the book of Mr. Ming Dao, he said: "I am very respectful in writing characters. I must learn the characters well, but I must learn them." It is known that the ancients only studied in the heart at any time and at any time. This heart is shrewd and the good words are also in it. "Mr. Ming Dao" in the paragraph "
" is Cheng Hao, a great scholar of the Northern Song Dynasty. His thought is the source of Xiangshan Xinxue. Wang Yangming realized what Ming Dao said: Calligraphy is not a technique, but a technique. Kind of heart method , at the same time, this kind of heart method is also the foundation of learning.
Wang Yangming has no intention of writing, but his calligraphy is outstanding. This is his moral knowledge. The way of being a person permeates the result of calligraphy. Calligraphy in Wang Yangming has surpassed the "ego" and has risen to the height of "heart to school".
Wang Yangming's calligraphy is strong, it looks like wind and wind, but it is difficult to hide Vigorous spirit. The character line is leaning to the right, and the agile flying is one of the characteristics of his calligraphy. His regular script is calm and vigorous, dignified and elegant; his cursive script is fresh and straightforward; his running script is bold and bold. Stretching.
When Wang Yangming was dying, his student Zhou Ji asked him in tears: "What is your last word, Mr.? Wang Shouren smiled, pointed his finger to his chest, and left his last words in the world: "This heart is bright, so there is nothing to say." ”
