There were many talents in the Three Kingdoms era, and there were also many idiots. After Lu Bu and Yuan Shu, it was Gongsun Zan's turn. It's not that these three people don't have any skills, but they lack vision, lack of cultivation, and are ambitious but not ambitious. Gongsun

There were many talents in the Three Kingdoms era, and there were also many idiots.

Lu Bu , Yuan Shu , it is finally the turn of Gongsun Zan . It's not that these three people don't have any skills, but they lack vision, lack of cultivation, and are ambitious but not ambitious.

Gongsun Zan grew up in Youzhou. Youzhou includes the central and northern parts of today's Hebei Province, and the southern and central parts of Liaoning Province. Many of the local Han people are generous, forthright, martial and righteous; there are also many people who are accustomed to living with ethnic minorities and have learned how to ride and shoot with the Xiongnu, Xianbei, and Wuhuan. Gongsun Zan himself was "from a family of two thousand dan", the son of a high-ranking official, a handsome young man, tall, loud, good at riding, and accurate in shooting. Gongsun Zan's mother was from a humble background, and could only serve as a clerk in the prefect's Yamen of Liaoxi County. He was named "Shu Zuo", that is, a scribe, but he soon gained the appreciation of someone from the prefecture, and became his son-in-law. He was sent to Fengshi County south of Luoyang by the prefecture hou. From the great scholar at that time Mr. Lu Zhi studies.

He made a classmate with Mr. Lu, whose surname was Liu Mingbei. Gongsun Zan had never read the book thoroughly, so he soon returned to his hometown of Lingzhi County (west of Qian'an, Hebei Province), and then transferred to Yangle (Funing County, the first county of Liaoxi County). West), he served as a "Shangji Li" under the new prefect Liu Ji, equivalent to the director of the accounting office and the director of the statistics office. Gongsun Zan does not have the temperament of a scholar at all. He does these things out of his strengths, but he does not behave too badly.

Taishou Liu received a lawsuit and was locked in a carriage and taken to Luoyang. Gongsun Zan disguised himself as a servant and followed him all the way. Liu Taishou was sentenced to exile in the southern county of Japan. Gongsun Zan also made up his mind to accompany him to this place where the miasma was rumored to be very serious. Fortunately, when the two of them were walking halfway, Prefect Liu met Pardon. Gongsun Zan then returned to Lingzhi County in Liaoxi County.

The elders and local officials in his hometown commended him as "Xiaolian". This is the correct path for officialdom in the Han Dynasty. He was summoned by the emperor from Xiaolian, retained as "lang", then promoted from "lang" to a local official, and finally transferred from a local official to a central official.

After his term as "Lang" expired, Gongsun Zan was assigned as the "Chief History of the Kingdom of Liaodong " in Youzhou.

Changshi means secretary-general, a civilian official, but here he is a military attache, equivalent to the captain of a county. The so-called Liaodong vassal states are a number of vassal states scattered around Liaodong County , that is, the tribes of the Xiongnu and Xianbei, large and small. Gongsun Zan's duty was to monitor these tribes and prevent them from rebelling against the central government of the Han Dynasty.

Gongsun Zan liked to ride white horses, so he ordered all the guards he led to ride white horses. Therefore, people gave him a nickname: White Horse Changshi.

Some judges hate evil as much as they hate it. Gongsun Zan was as jealous as Hu. Every time, when he received news of a tribe's rebellion, he would fly into a rage, gather his troops, and immediately rush to the tribe to fight, as if he had some deep personal grudge against the tribe. When it comes time for a confrontation, it goes without saying that he shows no mercy, but fights as hard as he can and kills as much as he can. The barbarians everywhere were indeed very afraid of him.

His commander, Youzhou Mu Liu Yu, had another way of dealing with the Hu people. Liu Yu opposed the killing and adopted a gentle policy. The barbarians were grateful for his kindness, and those who had rebelled retreated; those who had not rebelled no longer wanted to rebel.

As far as Youzhou in the late Eastern Han Dynasty is concerned, Wuhuan was the most powerful among the various barbarians. The word Wuhuan is sometimes also written as Wuwan. The imperial court of the Eastern Han Dynasty specially set up a "Wuhuan Xiaowei" with the special responsibility of protecting the Wuhuan tribe. The so-called protection includes the meaning of "preservation" to prevent them from losing their lives and livestock due to rebellion.

The last "Wuhuan Xiaowei" of the Eastern Han Dynasty, his surname was Ji and his given name was Chou. Not only did he fail to protect Wu Heng, but he was also unable to protect himself and was killed by two Han Chinese named Zhang. Of these two men named Zhang, one is named Zhang Chun, who once served as the prime minister of Zhongshan Kingdom; the other is named Zhang Ju, who once served as the prefect of Taishan County.Zhang Chun's views on the future of the Han Dynasty are roughly the same as those of the other three surnamed Zhangs ( Zhang Jiao , Zhang Bao , Zhang Liang ). The Han Dynasty has run out of energy and a new dynasty is about to be born. Zhang Chun then persuaded Zhang Ju, promoted Zhang Ju to be the emperor of heaven, and called himself "the general of heaven and the king of Anhan".

Emperor Zhang and General Zhang thought they had grasped the trend of the times. In the fourth year of Emperor Ling's reign, they rebelled, shouldered the historical tasks assigned to them, and carried out absurd opportunism. . They seduced Qiu Liju, a leader of Wuhuan, and shouted at a lot of Han and Hu people. They killed Ji Chou, the captain of the Wuhuan Guards, together with Liu Zheng, the governor of Beiping County, and Yang Zhong, the governor of Liaodong, and killed the rogue bandits. The tactics went on a rampage and plundered many cities, towns, and villages in the four prefectures of Qing, Xu, You, and Hebei.

The next year, in the fifth year of Zhongping, under the command of Youzhou Mu Liu Yu, Gongsun Zan destroyed Zhang Chun, Zhang Ju, Qiu Liju and Shimen (west of Jixian County, Hebei Province).

After Gongsun Zan won the battle at Shimen, he pursued Zhang Chun and others' mixed Han and Hu troops all the way to Guanzicheng.

He and his pursuing army encountered an ambush in Guanzi City and were surrounded by the enemy. After being surrounded for more than a hundred days, they ran out of food and ate horses; they also ate horses and cooked saddles, shields, leather boots, etc. Fortunately, the enemy also ran out of food and had to retreat to their base of Liucheng; otherwise, Gongsun Zan and his remaining troops would not only starve to death, but also freeze to death.

At this time, Gongsun Zan's official position was Cavalry Commander . He has already served as the county magistrate of Zhuo County. After his great contribution in the Battle of Shimen, he was promoted to Zhonglang General and "Dutinghou" in the court of Emperor Ling in Luoyang.

In March of the sixth year of Zhongping, a man named Wang Mingzheng killed Zhang Chun when Zhang Chun was not on guard against him. He cut off Zhang Chun's head and gave it to Liu Yu, the shepherd of Youzhou, to receive a reward. The imperial court appointed Liu Yu as Grand Sima , granted Gongsun Zan the title of Jihou, and worshiped him as "General Fenwu".

Gongsun Zan became a well-known general in the world. He was expected to become an important force in bringing order to the people. If he knew how to cooperate with Liu Yu all the time and obey this commander who was rich in political experience and looked up to from far and near.

He refused to do so.

He won a small victory, so he thought he was great. He no longer took Liu Yu seriously, but opposed Liu Yu everywhere. Liu Yu sent people to send gifts to some loyal and obedient tribes, but Gongsun Zan wanted to intercept and snatch them away, thus destroying Liu Yu's gentle policy.

Liu Yu had a son, Liu He, who was serving in the Chang'an court and got along well with Emperor Xian. Emperor Xian asked Liu He privately to flee Chang'an and go to Youzhou, asking Liu Yu to lead troops to welcome him (Emperor Xian) back to Luoyang.

Following this secret order, Liu He fled to Gaochang'an and ran out of Wuguan. He first went to Nanyang . He originally wanted to go east from Nanyang to Yingchuan County and then turn northeast, passing through Yanzhou and Qingzhou . , Jizhou , and met his father Liu Yu; Unexpectedly, Yuan Shu thought that the rare goods could be lived in, so he kept Liu He in a soft and hard way. He asked Liu He to write to Liu Yu and sent his troops to Nanyang. Yuan Shu also brought Go with the soldiers. Yuan Shu wanted to share the credit with Liu Yu, or even compete for Liu Yu's credit.

Gongsun Zan advised Liu Yu not to send troops, but Liu Yu didn't listen and sent thousands of people instead. Gongsun Zan secretly wrote to Yuan Shu, suggesting that Yuan Shu detain Liu He and eat Liu Yu's soldiers.

On the surface, Gongsun Zan pretended to act in concert with Liu Yu, and also sent more than a thousand people to his cousin Gongsun Yue to take him with him.

As a result, Yuan Shu killed the soldiers sent by Liu Yu to Nanyang, and also followed Gongsun Zan's suggestion and imprisoned Liu He. Liu He, who was quite capable, actually escaped from Yuan Shu and fled to Youzhou, where he reported everything to his father Liu Yu.

Therefore, Liu Yu hated Gongsun Zan to his bones.

Gongsun Zan not only became enemies with Liu Yu, but also with Yuan Shao. The reason is that his cousin Gongsun Yue obeyed Yuan Shu's order to help Sun Jian to fight the " Yuzhou Governor" Zhou Ang sent by Yuan Shao. He was hit by an arrow and died in battle.

Yuan Shaoming knew that Sun Jian was already the governor of Yuzhou, so he sent someone named Zhou Ang to "undertake" (claiming to be authorized by the imperial court) to use Sun Jian to attack Dong Zhuo on the front line of Luoyang and attack a certain part of Yuzhou. This is indeed Yuan Shao's fault.

Gongsun Yue's "mission" was to go to Chang'an to greet Emperor Xian. Yuan Shu did not fulfill his promise to participate in the reception, but instead killed Liu Yu's troops. He also used Gongsun Yue and his troops in a small battle against Zhou Ang, resulting in Gongsun Yue's death. This was Yuan Shu's fault.

Considering Gongsun Yue's death in battle, Gongsun Zan should hate Yuan Shu first and Yuan Shao second.

Warlords are warlords and they don’t know what calm analysis is.

He marched into Panhe (in Deping County, Shandong). At the same time, he sent a letter to the court and listed Yuan Shao's ten major crimes.

In addition to avenging his cousin Gongsun Yue, Gongsun Zan's other reason, which is the real reason, is to expand his territory.

A month ago, in November of the second year of Chuping, Gongsun Zan defeated the Yellow Turbans in Qingzhou in Dongguang County (in southeastern Hebei Province), killing 30,000 people and surrendering 70,000.

From to Dongguang and further forward, it is Yuan Shao's territory. Yuan Shao was nominally the shepherd of Jizhou and the prefect of Bohai County at this time, but his power had already extended into Qingzhou. Gongsun Zan wanted to fight Yuan Shao, but Yuan Shao still didn't want to fight him. Gongsun Zan had a younger brother, Gongsun Fan, who was by Yuan Shao's side. Yuan Shao hoped to use Gongsun Fan as a bridge to maintain friendly relations with Gongsun Zan, so he gave up his official position of governor of Bohai County to Gongsun Fan (Bohai County is in the area of ​​ Cangzhou today).

Unexpectedly, Gongsun Fan had Bo Hai, and instead of acting as a mediator, he immediately mobilized all his troops to help his brother Gongsun Zan defeat Yuan Shao.

The troops of Gongsun Zan and Yuan Shao fought a decisive battle at Jieqiao (north of Wei County, Hebei) in the first month of the third year of Chuping. Yuan Shao formed a square formation with 30,000 infantry, 10,000 cavalry on both wings, 800 elite soldiers, and thousands of powerful crossbows as the vanguard of the challenge. Gongsun Zan didn't know how to deal with such a formation, so he was defeated by Yuan Shao and retreated to Jixian.

Yan Gang, the governor of Jizhou appointed by Gongsun Zan, was captured.

Yuan Shao took advantage of his victory and sent people to pursue him, and they reached Gu'an County (southeast of Yixian County). Gongsun Zan's troops turned around and defended, but Yuan Shao's troops were unable to attack and retreated.

After Yuan's army retreated, it was Gongsun's army's turn to pursue them. They chased them to the Juma River (east of Xincheng County) and defeated Yuan's army, killing seven or eight thousand people. They expanded their results eastward and advanced to the plains (east and north of Shandong). The country continued to occupy most of Qingzhou.

Gongsun Zan then appointed a man named Tian Kai as the governor of Qingzhou.

Liu Bei made some contributions to Gongsun Zan in this battle. Gongsun Zan appointed him as the magistrate of Pingyuan County, and later he was promoted to the state minister of Pingyuan Kingdom.

Yuan Shao was not willing to lose his Qingzhou, so he used all his strength to fight Gongsun Zan to the death. He fought for a long time.

It was not until the second year of Xingping that Yuan Shao won a decisive victory at Baoqiu (south of Tong County, Hebei), killing Gongsun Zan's 20,000 soldiers. Gongsun Zan retreated to Yijing (in the northwest of xiong County ).

The reasons why Gongsun Zan was defeated were, to put it simply, firstly, he occupied too much territory and insufficient talents and troops were allocated; secondly, he appointed not only the so-called governors of Jizhou and Qingzhou, but also the so-called governors of Yanzhou: he made too many enemies; thirdly, In the first year of Xingping, in order to rescue Tao Qian, who was attacked by Cao Cao, Liu Bei left the group of Gongsun Zan, Tian Kai and others and went to Xuzhou. Moreover, Zhao Yun also returned to Xuzhou on the pretext of his brother's death. He went to Zhending County, Changshan County; fourth, he had a falling out with Liu Yu, the shepherd of Youzhou. He killed Liu Yu and formed a mortal feud with Liu Yu's son Liu He and many of Liu Yu's subordinates.

He killed Liu Yu one year before Liu Bei left Qingzhou, that is, in the fourth year of Chuping. In October, the Chang'an court sent an envoy Duan Xun to Youzhou to offer Liu Yu an official position and also promoted him to an official position. Liu Yu was promoted to "supervise the affairs of the six states"; he was promoted to "former general", and his title was changed from Jihou to "Yihou".

He forced Duan Xun to cooperate with him, forged the emperor's edict, said that Liu Yu and Yuan Shao conspired to usurp the throne, and beheaded Liu Yu.

At that time, Liu Yu had fought with Gongsun Zan before Duan Xun arrived, was defeated and captured. Gongsun Zan waited for Duan Xun to arrive before killing Liu Yu, because Liu Yu was his commander, and it was not good to bear the name of killing his commander. There was nothing he could do to cover up the fact that

killed the commander. Liu Yu's subordinates recommended Yan Rou as their leader, called on the Han and Hu people, and gathered tens of thousands of troops to cooperate with Liu He's force. Yuan Shao also sent general Ju Yi, leading tens of thousands of troops, to join the coalition against Gongsun Zan, and killed Gongsun Zan's Yuyang County prefect Zou Dan (the head county of Yuyang County, Yuyang County, in one fell swoop). Southwest of Miyun, Hebei Province).

Outside of Yuyang County, Dai County , Guangyang County , Shanggu County , and Youbeiping County, all the common people in various places revolted and killed the officials appointed by Gongsun Zan. In response to the coalition forces led by Liu He, Yan Rou and Ju Yi (the county seat of Daijun is in Gaoliu, northwest of Yanggao, Shanxi; the seat of Guangyang County is in Jixian, whose old city is southwest of Beijing; the seat of Shanggu County is in Juyang , south of Huailai, Hebei. Right Beiping County is governed in Tuyin, east of Fengrun, Hebei).

Gongsun Zan's countermeasure was to adopt an "absolute defensive". He built Yijing very solidly. Outside the city walls, there were earth trenches; outside the earth trenches, there were earth trenches. Legend has it that there were dozens of earth trenches in Yijing. The city wall itself is six or seven feet high; the building where Gongsun Zan and his concubines live is even higher, a full ten feet tall. There are no stairs. Official documents are tied up with ropes, and specially trained women who can shout loudly are used to deliver orders. Inside the city, he A lot of food was saved.

Despite this, Yijing was finally breached in March of the fourth year of Jian'an. Gongsun Zan set himself on fire and was chopped down before he could die. Yuan Shu died three months before him, and Lu Bu died thirty months after him.