Chairman Mao once said that the Chinese nation is a nation that has never lacked heroes and advanced patriots, and it is also a nation that has no shortage of traitors and traitors.
In the past glorious years, countless heroic revolutionary patriots have shouldered the tasks given to them by the times with their own strength. At the time of storm, revolutionaries spent their whole lives struggling with their flesh and blood to fight for a bright future.
Chairman Mao
But among these noble sentiments, some people deviated from their ambitions and betrayed their comrades . They forgot their original intentions completely, but turned around and turned around and put many of their comrades in injustice.
Zhang Guotao is such a person. At the beginning of the founding of the Communist Party of China, many revolutionary patriots were groping forward in the darkness, and Zhang Guotao was also one of these people. Although they are all remembered by future generations, the public has different feelings for Chen Duxiu, Li Dazhao, Zhang Guotao, Chen Gongbo, and others. . The latter is usually despised by the people and forgotten by the nation, and is always nailed to the pillar of shame in the course of Chinese history.
As the leader of the founding of the Party, Zhang Guotao fled from the motherland after rebelling against the Party and later moved to Canada. In 1976, he was surprised to hear Chairman Mao’s death. After receiving the news, he was silent for a long time. only said ten words to the reporter . So what was his feeling at that time? What did Zhang Guotao say?
Zhang Guotao
Red Party leader
From pioneer to traitor, from leader to enemy leader, Zhang Guotao's life is clearly red and black.
He is somewhat different from most people who defected to the mainstream path. For example, He once founded the Communist Party of China with many revolutionary patriots. Back then, he was born in a wealthy family in Pingxiang, Jiangxi Province. Although his parents were not from scholarly families or bureaucrats, the Zhang family had been doing money shop business . Such a family naturally had no worries about Zhang Guotao.
In that era, young men with such a family were usually looking for opportunities to study abroad and take over their father's careers and lively life, but Zhang Guotao embarked on another path.
He did not rely on his parents to make his life chaotic. Instead, he kept studying hard in the school. After graduation, he was determined to be admitted to Peking University . On the Peking University event campus, you can often see Zhang Guotao leading his classmates to give passionate speeches, and being influenced by new ideas. Moreover, in many student activities back then, Zhang Guotao always took the lead in becoming a role model in the hearts of many classmates.
Old photos of Peking University
At that time, he had already shown his youthful leadership and long-term vision. In particular, the outbreak of May Fourth Movement completely gave his talent a place to use. As a student who graduated from Peking University , Zhang Guotao's writing style is the best. The leader once said: "He is better than my poems and essays."
It can be seen that Zhang Guotao does have real talents and knowledge. During the revolution, he not only served as the leader of the student movement, but also stood on the high platform of street speeches many times to express passionate revolutionary ideas propaganda, inspiring more students at that time to embark on the revolutionary path and strive for the rejuvenation of the country.
At that time, Marxism-Leninism gradually introduced into major cities in China with the May Fourth Movement. Peking University and " New Youth " were the bases of New Culture Movement , and naturally became a place where many young people voluntarily. Zhang Guotao was not willing to fall behind. He was the first to show his strength and soon received a group of like-minded people joining him.
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921, The First Congress of the Communist Party of China founded . As a representative of Beijing, Zhang Guotao was successfully elected as the main leader of the Party of . From the communist group to the Communist Party of China, although the strength of this party was not strong enough at that time, the joining of Guotao, Deng Zhongxia, Deng Xiaoping and others made this party flourish quickly.
Zhang Guotao's life trajectory can be said to have a good hand of cards here, but in the process of future development, he gradually developed some strange thoughts and revealed another dark aspect of his personality. It was from this time that he gradually played a good hand of cards that he had.
1919, 26-year-old Mao Zedong
According to Chairman Mao's recollection, when he first met Zhang Guotao, he could clearly see the other party's resistance to him in the eyes of the other party . Later, Zhang Guotao also talked about this when chatting with the soldiers. He said: "When I first met him, he met him with Li Dazhao's students. At that time, Chairman Mao dressed simple, his language was shabby, and even had a strong Hunan accent. I didn't like such people at that time."
The reason why Zhang Guotao said this was because he was from a good family since childhood, and he naturally saw much more people and world than Chairman Mao. At that time, Mao Runzhi was just an "land bun" that came down from Hunan to the city to do revolution, so naturally he could not catch Zhang Guotao's eyes.
That is to say, from that time on, Zhang Guotao had the word class in his heart. So it is not difficult to understand why, as the founder of the Communist Party of China, he did not continue to lead the organization on a firm revolutionary path. However, after the feeling of the power of the intestines, Zhang Guotao was blinded by his own greed and his desires were unfilled. In his eyes, the faith and glory of the party became the ladder of his own rise.
Zhang Guotao and Chairman Mao
Especially when The three majorities of the Communist Party of China were held, the conflict between Zhang Guotao and Chairman Mao had almost reached the first step of irreconcilable. At that time, he was very opposed to cooperation with the Kuomintang, and Chairman Mao emphasized that cooperation with the Kuomintang was only temporary, and it was all for the revolutionary united front.
Chairman Mao would definitely feel unhappy when he knew that Zhang Guotao was refuted by him at the meeting, and even privately talked to Zhang Guotao about his inner thoughts, but he was a gentleman, but Zhang Guotao was not. Even if Chairman Mao said all the good things, Zhang Guotao was still indignant. Of course, his emotions were not only directed at Chairman Mao, but also towards other comrades, Zhang Guotao often showed Biyi's colors and ideas.
"His origin and his class determine his thoughts. It's not his fault, just correct it slowly." Chairman Mao enlightened the comrades around him in this way when he noticed that Zhang Guotao had some fluctuations in his heart. But he did not expect that the country was easy to change and his nature was difficult to change. Zhang Guotao will always be Zhang Guotao, even if he became the leader of the party.
1947, on the eve of the transition to northern Shaanxi, Mao Zedong
The transformation from red to black
When we were cooperating with the Kuomintang, our side was massacred because we had no extra armed forces, and even after the armed forces were taken away by the Kuomintang army, we were massacred by the other side. Chiang Kai-shek was catching and killing Communists in China. 4·12 Counter-revolutionary coup let the people of the whole country see Chiang Kai-shek's wolf ambitions clearly. At this time, Zhang Guotao took the opportunity to ridicule Chairman Mao’s original line and wrong propositions.
Later, at the beginning of the confrontation between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party, the Zhu Mao Red Army had to open up rural bases, and the Red Army carried out a major strategic transfer. When Chinese Soviet regime was established, Zhang Guotao was successfully elected as interim vice chairman., holding great power, he began a series of wrong policies and policies. The anti-counterfeiting movement that year caused 30,000 Red Army cadres to die under the butcher knife of his brothers. These were the bloody blood debts owed by Zhang Guotao.
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In the anti-counterfeiting campaign, many officials, Red Army soldiers and even cadres were censored and isolated in the name of falsehood. Zhang Guotao directed Xia Xi and others to investigate more comrades in the party, and to find out the traitors and spies lurking in the revolutionary base. In fact, no one knows that the biggest gap and traitor of is himself, but he has not revealed it at that time.
Due to the infinite expansion of this movement, many cadres have been persecuted, and some even lost their lives. After many discussions at the meeting and opposition from the Red Army soldiers, the movement was eventually stopped. Later, the Kuomintang assembled a large army to encircle and suppress the Red Army again. In June 11935, after the Red Front Army and the vanguard of the Red Fourth Front Army met, the two leaders, Chairman Mao and Zhang Guotao, also began to discuss the next direction of the transfer.
At this time, both of them began to have their own opinions. Chairman Mao insisted on going north, while Zhang Guotao believed to go south. Chairman Mao’s reason was that Going north was the least risk for the Red Army. Once you encounter problems, you can rely on the Soviet Union. If you go south, it would be equivalent to exposing the large army to Chiang Kai-shek.
Zhang Guotao
But Zhang Guotao also believes that has abundant materials to go south, and the journey north is too difficult, so the soldiers should go south to avoid such a huge burden.
Since neither side could convince anyone, the meeting was stalemate. Finally, Zhang Guotao proposed "If you must go north, then I must lead the Red Fourth Front Army south." is obvious. His words were not only refuting Chairman Mao's proposal, but also threatening the central government to have soldiers, power and independence.
Zhang Guotao's heart, Chairman Mao had already seen through him, but in order to restore the overall situation and stabilize the central government and the cadres below, Chairman Mao still endured humiliation and agreed to Zhang Guotao's proposal. Since he wanted to command, he would give him command power. Premier Zhou and Chairman Mao united the front and handed over all the troops of the Red Fourth Front Army to Zhang Guotao. thought he would agree to go north with the Red Front Army in this way.
Red Fourth Army
Results Zhang Guotao nominally agreed to go north with the First Red Army, but in fact, he actually led his troops south during the march. Chairman Mao was so angry that he grabbed his head when he learned of this change, because he had long expected that the troops heading south would inevitably be ambushed by the Kuomintang, and Chiang Kai-shek there had already opened a big net.
As expected, the Red Fourth Front Army led by Zhang Guotao suffered a great loss there, but he was still unwilling to go back north to find Chairman Mao's team. Instead, he wanted to establish a base in Sichuan and become king.
The rebels after being turned evil
In Sichuan, Zhang Guotao felt that going north would lose face and going south would have no way to go, so he kept waiting and watching. At this time, the Red Second Front Army led by He Long met him head-on. Under He Long's persuasion, Zhang Guotao finally went north to meet Chairman Mao. At the first regular meeting on the north, the Party Central Committee severely criticized Zhang Guotao's various actions and revoked his command over the Fourth Red Army.
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It was because of this meeting that Zhang Guotao began to have the idea of seeking to join the Kuomintang, and finally his idea was realized on the Qingming Festival in 1938. After joining the Kuomintang, Zhang Guotao lived the life he wanted. Perhaps he was not a firm revolutionary patriot, but a warlord who wanted to get the fruits of the revolution overnight. The Kuomintang awarded him the rank of lieutenant general, serving him with delicious food and drink.
He thought the Kuomintang would definitely lead him to victory, but unexpectedly, from the Red Army to the People's Liberation Army, Chairman Mao renovated the People's Army, and under the powerful offensive of the Liberation War, Chiang Kai-shek was defeated. This result made Zhang Guotao unbelievable. The rebellion of the party had left him with no face, and as a result, his foothold was gradually disappearing.
At the end of his life, he finally followed Chiang Kai-shek to Taiwan, but at that time he was just a heavy burden for Chiang Kai-shek, so his later years were very miserable.
Chiang Kai-shek
From Taiwan to Hong Kong, from Hong Kong to the United States, from the United States to Canada, Zhang Guotao seemed to have been running around. Such fatigue and fatigue also made him want to return to the mainland. When the Party Central Committee understood his ideas, it proposed that only he had to make a review in front of the people of the whole country could he be able to return to the motherland. The arrogant Zhang Guotao naturally could not bear such humiliation, so he rejected the request of the Party Central Committee and spent the rest of his life in Canada.
Although Zhang Guotao himself had many problems, he raised his three sons very well. The eldest son is an engineer, the second son is a teacher, and the third son is a doctor . I have to say that he has two tricks.
In 1976, Chairman Mao passed away, and the people of the whole country were extremely sad, and this news also spread to Canada. At that time, a media interviewed Zhang Guotao and asked him how he viewed his former opponent, Chairman Mao. At this time, Zhang Guotao said ten words lightly: "Our era is over."
Later years Zhang Guotao
At that time, he was already in his twilight years. Being able to say this sentence already showed his powerlessness towards the past. Right and wrong, merit and demerit are commented in history. Chairman Mao praised Zhang Guotao when he was carrying out the revolution: "He is a person with strong abilities but an unrighteous attitude. He regards his honor and disgrace even stronger than the revival of the country." No one expected that this sentence would come true.
Zhang Guotao is indeed very capable. For example, when Chairman Mao was an administrator in Peking University Library, Zhang Guotao was already a top student at Peking University. Later, the Red Fourth Front Army was also the team he brought up after returning from the Soviet Union. It was no wonder that he always wanted the command of the Red Fourth Front Army at that time.
Zhang Guotao took a photo with his children
In addition, his anti-counterfeiting movement did have a huge bad impact at that time. He was strict in management and ruthless in action. Zhang Guotao was indeed outstanding in some aspects, but one thing he could never compare to Chairman Mao, that is, Chairman Mao’s vision and pattern are the thoughts of great men, the thoughts produced for the people and the country. Zhang Guotao is just a selfish, ordinary high-quality talent.
