The last emperorPuyiAfter experiencing twists and turns, he came into the ranks of the people. This is a miracle that the whole world marvels at. Behind this miracle, stands a great man, he is Premier Zhou Enlai, whom people admire.
When Puyi was still reforming at Fushun War Criminals Management Center, a pair of wise eyes in the Xihua Hall of Zhongnanhai were watching him, smiling approvingly for the little progress he had made; when Puyi returned to Beijing, in order to make him In the second half of his life, he could make more contributions to the people, and this prime minister, who had many things to do, spent a lot of effort on him.
Next, let us take a look at how Puyi achieved the transformation from "emperor to citizen" with the help of Premier Zhou. What stories will happen between them?
Picture | Puyi
Puyi looked at the cigarettes and snacks in front of him, thinking it was a "demonstration banquet" and asked for execution as soon as possible, but he didn't know it was a misunderstanding.
On July 21, 1950, on the Soviet train escorting puppet Manchukuo war criminals at Suifenhe Station , two officers of the Chinese People's Liberation Army met Puyi alone.
At this time, Puyi had spent five years in prison in the Soviet Union. He knew very well how much hatred the Chinese people, especially the people in Northeast China, had for him, the last emperor, after experiencing 14 years of catastrophe. Therefore, Puyi wrote to Stalin three times, requesting to stay in the Soviet Union.
However, his wish failed. In his view, the day extradites will be the day of execution.
Unexpectedly, the PLA officer he saw now did not treat him harshly. Instead, he shook hands with him and said, "You have returned to the motherland now. We are here to receive you under the order of the Prime Minister."
At that time Puyi didn't know Premier Zhou well, so these three words did not eliminate his doubts. He was thinking about whether he could survive. This question was like a dark cloud, weighing heavily on his heart.
No matter how the police officers responsible for escorting him explained, Puyi didn't believe them. According to eyewitnesses: "Pu Yi was so frightened at the time that his nerves were almost insane. The muscles of his right cheek were twitching violently. He was running back and forth in the carriage without any scruples, muttering something in his mouth, and even other war criminals. When passing by his seat, everyone lowered their heads and did not dare to look at him..."
The train arrived in Shenyang. Gao Gang, chairman of the Northeast People's Government, met with Puyi and the puppet Manchukuo ministers. There were apples, cigarettes, snacks, etc. on the table. Puyi regarded these as "a reminder banquet" and even asked for execution as soon as possible.
However, the interviewer had no intention of killing him, but instead chatted with him leisurely. Gao Gang said to Puyi and others: "The government will find a place for you to study. Don't think too much. Take a rest there and study with peace of mind!"
In this way, Puyi's ten-year transformation life began.
In the Fushun War Criminals Management Center, Puyi got to know Zhou Enlai more and more, who represented the Communist Party of China. In late September 1954, Puyi studied the "Government Work Report" delivered by Zhou Enlai at the first session of the First National People's Congress of the People's Republic of China at the Fushun War Criminals Management Institute, which benefited him a lot.
After five years of transformation, the domestic and international political situation began to undergo some changes: the Korean War ended, and the economic situation of New China shifted from the recovery period to the development period of the first Five-Year Plan.
Of course, the war criminals' thinking has also undergone major changes. At this time, Puyi was not interested at all in the lofty throne and crown of the past. He now missed his relatives and several of his brothers and sisters very much.
With the request for the reform process of war criminals, Zhou Enlai approved the communication inside and outside the walls of Fushun War Criminals Management Center. At that time, the cadres of the management office assisted Puyi and quickly found information about his wife and younger siblings. Soon, Puyi received a large number of letters from his relatives.
After seeing these letters, Puyi was very pleased. He once said:
"I unexpectedly learned from the correspondence that all my younger brothers and sisters have jobs.The next generation of children not only went to primary school, middle school and university, but under the training of the Communist Party, some became female athletes and some became people's teachers. Every member of the Aixinjueluo family is in the motherland On the land, they live a prosperous life. "
With communication, there will be visits to relatives. When you know that your relatives are still alive in the world, is there any reason to ignore it?
No, Puyi's young wife Li Yuqin came quickly, about a year and a half later , she visited many times. On March 10, 1956, Zai Tao also led two sisters, Yunying and Yun Xin, to visit relatives in Fushun. Puyi recalled this visit and said with deep feeling: " I feel that the biggest change among the Aixinjueluo people is their love and gratitude for the Communist Party, the people's government and Chairman Mao. "
From correspondence to family visits, Zhou Enlai's considerations and decisions on behalf of the Communist Party of China and the Central People's Government were full of humaneness and also had a good political impact.
Premier Zhou gently said to Puyi: "You have reviewed a lot in the past. Stop reviewing. "
On December 4, 1959, Puyi was pardoned by the government as one of the first batch of puppet Manchukuo war criminals.
In fact, the issue of releasing war criminals was on Zhou Enlai's agenda as early as the beginning of 1956. At that time, Fushun War Criminals Management Office, Many criminals are imprisoned in Qincheng Prison in Beijing and in prisons in Taiyuan and other places.
On March 14 and 15, 1956, the Standing Committee of the Second National Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference held its 19th meeting to discuss the treatment of war criminals. .
Now we know that Chairman Mao, Zhou Enlai and other central leadership comrades have already started to prepare for Puyi and others.
When Puyi learned that he was among the first batch of war criminals to be pardoned, he himself also Unexpectedly.
html On December 9, 1959, Puyi returned to Beijing from Fushun and stayed at the home of his fifth sister Yun Xin. On December 14, he took a car sent by the State Council from No. 6 Qianjing Hutong to Xihua Hall, Zhongnanhai.Puyi's seventh uncle Zaitao was also there at that time, and they went into the room to see Premier Zhou. Premier Zhou shook hands with Puyi warmly, and introduced Zhang Zhizhong, Fu Zuoyi, Zhang Shizhao and others to Puyi.
There were also recent ones. Du Yuming and other ten people were pardoned. After everyone sat down, Premier Zhou earnestly asked about the personal situation and family situation of the 11 people who were pardoned, and pointed out their direction of progress.
This conversation was Puyi's first. When I first met Premier Zhou, whom everyone admired, he was a little reserved. During the conversation, he often brought the topic to himself and repeatedly reviewed.
Premier Zhou smiled and said gently: "You have reviewed a lot in the past, so don't review it anymore. , if you have time, you can write some memoirs and do more work for the motherland. "
Puyi's nervousness suddenly relaxed after hearing what Premier Zhou said.
Premier Zhou's interview and speech were a great encouragement to Puyi and 11 other people. Especially since Premier Zhou mentioned Puyi many times , objective evaluation of Puyi's first half of life, which moved Puyi deeply.
Picture | Premier Zhou
On December 23, 1959, Puyi moved from his fifth sister Yunxin's home to Room 214 of Chongnei Hotel near the south entrance of Suzhou Hutong in Dongdan. Du Yuming and other 10 former Kuomintang generals also moved here. They formed a special group and sent a secretary to serve as a liaison, responsible for the group's study and daily life. Later, Pu Yi also joined Pu Yi, Du Yuming and others. The Prime Minister never puts on a preachy political face. He is a humane Prime Minister who sincerely cares about the daily lives of Puyi and other amnesty officers.
None of the 11 new citizens staying in the Chongnei Hotel will. I forgot that on a snowy morning, Premier Zhou’s secretary hurried over and asked everyone if they could use soap. The secretary also said: “This is what Premier Zhou thought of. He called me at two o’clock this morning. I came over to ask about it, and I hope you can buy more to take home."
On that day, Premier Zhou also bought a coat for everyone. Looking at the soap and coats in their hands, Puyi and others felt very warm.
The seventh sister did not know her elder brother, and Premier Zhou said humorously: "The flood has washed away the Dragon King. Temple, let me introduce you brothers and sisters to each other! "
January 26, 1960, was the day before New Year's Eve in Gengzi . Premier Zhou invited Puyi and some of his relatives to visit his home. After the meeting, Premier Zhou specifically said to Puyi: "Your family is very big. , I invited your sister today, but not your brother-in-law, because I didn’t have enough time and I had to go out after the Spring Festival. "
Premier Zhou indeed took time out of his busy schedule to arrange this meeting.
"Do you have many sisters? "Premier Zhou raised the first question to Puyi.
"There are six in total, the second sister, the third sister, the fourth sister, the fifth sister, the sixth sister, and the seventh sister. "
Since the comrades to be met were sent one by one in the morning, some came first and some arrived later. The invited people were seeing Premier Zhou for the first time, so they seemed very reserved.
Premier Zhou saw that After a while, Zai Tao came in, and Premier Zhou did not sit next to him when he first entered the room. He said humorously: "You are his uncle, why don't you dare to sit next to him? Are you still afraid of the emperor? " Said Zaitao smiled and sat next to Puyi.
Picture | Puyi and Zaitao
chatted for a while. Yunhe, Yunxin and Yunyu walked in together. Each of them greeted the Prime Minister and said to Puyi called "big brother". Puyi was very emotional and said: "Not only me, but also my family members are here. "
Yun Huan was the last to arrive. She heard Premier Zhou call her "teacher Jin Zhijian" and was very excited. She wanted to bow to Premier Zhou, but her hand was held by Premier Zhou at this moment.
After entering the reception hall, Yun Huan saw that her seventh uncle and sisters had arrived, but Puyi was not there, and she suddenly became angry and thought: "Is he still trying to show off?" Still can’t let go of the emperor’s airs? Let Premier Zhou waste time waiting for him? "
Actually, this was really a misunderstanding. The impression that remained in her mind 28 years ago was that her eldest brother was a handsome young man who was only 25 years old at the time. How could she have thought that that young man had become Premier Zhou Enlai? The thin old man next to her.
She thought that this thin old man was a staff member of the State Council or the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, but she did not expect that this was her eldest brother Pu Yi.
Premier Zhou was keenly aware of what happened at the scene. He looked at Puyi, then at Yun Huan, and said humorously: "This is really a flood. Dragon King Temple . My family doesn't recognize my family, so let me introduce you brothers and sisters!" "
Only then did Yun Huan shake hands with her eldest brother for the first time in her life in front of Premier Zhou, but she could not say the word "eldest brother" in her mouth.
On this day, Premier Zhou and Puyi's family members talked about their daily routine and asked them one by one
When talking about the fifth sister Yunxin, the Prime Minister smiled and said: "Why don't you look like a Manchu , like a Han? Do you eat too much milk from the Han people? "The very reserved fifth sister was amused, and the atmosphere suddenly relaxed a lot.
At this time, the person next to her introduced that the fifth sister's husband's surname was Wan. Only then did Premier Zhou react: "Ah! It's the Wan family in Jiangxi. The Wan family is somewhat cousin to our Zhou family! "
Picture | Premier Zhou
Talking about Qimei Yunhuan, Premier Zhou said: "I heard that you are an excellent teacher. "
" I didn't make any achievements, I was just studying hard. "
Premier Zhou waved his hand after hearing this and said: "I have long heard that Qimei is modest and cautious. It seems to be true at all. Of course, it is better to be modest and prudent than to be proud. Only by being dissatisfied with your achievements can you keep moving forward. "
Premier Zhou also said: "Advanced ideas must fight against backward ideas. This kind of struggle occurs not only in society, but also in a family.Although everyone comes from the same family, everyone's experience and environment are not exactly the same, so some people progress faster and some slower. Those who are behind should learn from those who are advanced, and those who are advanced should not look down on others. "
When she said this, Yun Huan knew in her heart that Premier Zhou was talking specifically to her. She lowered her head and thought: "I do have such an idea. When I was a child, I heard that my brother was the 'Emperor', which was quite good. I was happy. Later, during the Puppet Manchukuo period and the liberation period, my own progress was implicated, so I didn't like this brother a little. After Puyi pardoned him, he did not pick him up at the station, so when the brother and sister met today, the Prime Minister had to introduce him. "
Through this conversation, Yun Huan changed his attitude towards Puyi.
Picture | Yun Huan
Premier Zhou's meeting with Puyi's family this time also had the intention of soliciting the opinions of Puyi and his family and arranging a suitable marriage for Puyi. Work.
Premier Zhou asked Puyi: "How do you solve your work and what do you want to do?
Puyi said: "I can measure blood pressure and can be a doctor." "Pu Yi was interested in medicine because he had studied Chinese medicine at the War Criminals Management Institute, and he thought he could become a doctor.
After hearing this, the Prime Minister smiled and said: "It is not appropriate for you to be a doctor. You must have considerable medical knowledge, and If the treatment of people is bad and the impact is not good, you can work for a while first and then do some work on history. "
Shortly after this conversation, Puyi went to the Xiangshan Botanical Garden to participate in labor.
Because Premier Zhou had to attend a meeting in the afternoon, his secretary repeatedly reminded him, so he stood up and apologized to leave. Before leaving, he said: "Comrade Deng Yingchao is not in good health. I'm comfortable. I'm not here today. I'll invite you all to sit at home in the future. I'll take the first step. It's not easy for you brothers and sisters to reunite. You might as well continue talking! "
After Premier Zhou left, the Puyi brothers and sisters were immersed in happiness one by one. The seventh sister, Yun Huan, finally called out to the thin old man whom she disliked at first, affectionately: "Brother! "
Everyone present noticed that there were crystal tears hanging from the corners of Puyi's eyes.
During the dinner, Premier Zhou said to Puyi who was eating: "How about you tell a story about Cixi ! "
February 14, 1961, was the New Year's Eve of the Xin Chou year . Premier Zhou spent the New Year's Eve with the citizens who were born in the royal family in the past. The host and hostess diligently served everyone food and vegetables. Premier Zhou pointed at the rice. Pu Yi said: "This is the purple glutinous rice brought by our fellow villagers, do you like it? "
Premier Zhou is best at using a few appropriate words to mediate the atmosphere and stimulate emotions. He told several Chinese New Year stories in succession, interspersed with customs from various places, which made people happy.
He said that the Eighth Route Army had a tradition in those days, which was to like Celebrating the New Year with the people, we must carry forward the old tradition and never be separated from the masses.
During the dinner, Premier Zhou pointed to a plate of dumplings on the table and said to everyone: "According to the Chinese Spring Festival custom, we have to eat dumplings. "Pu Yi was used to eating dumplings from the Imperial Kitchen of the Qing Palace. He was more interested in folk dumplings and ate them with gusto.
Premier Zhou looked at him, smiled happily, and then suggested: "Let's let Puyi cook it. Let’s tell a story!
After hearing this, Puyi quickly raised his head, put down his chopsticks, and said, "How can I tell a story?"
Premier Zhou waved his hand: "You used to live in the inner courtyard of the palace and know more than us. Why don't you tell a story about Cixi!" "
Picture | Puyi
At the suggestion of Premier Zhou, Puyi told everyone a story about Empress Dowager Cixi celebrating the festival. Puyi was still young at the time and could not remember the events at all, so these stories were also heard by him.
It is said that during the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1999 When the naval battle broke out, Cixi was still celebrating her birthday in a beautiful place. Someone came to report that there were heavy losses ahead, but Cixi said nonchalantly: "Wait until I celebrate my birthday. "
Although this is just a story, it also reflects the corruption and incompetence of the Qing government.After Puyi finished speaking, he looked at Premier Zhou and said, "Why don't you let the Prime Minister tell everyone about it too!"
Premier Zhou did not shirk, and used the topic of eating to tell a story about dumplings: There was a dumpling in the past. The northerners treat the southerners to dumplings, but the southerners think there will be food later and are not full of dumplings, so they go back hungry.
At this point, Premier Zhou asked everyone: "Are you full?"
Everyone said in unison: "You are full!"
Premier Zhou knew that some people were not full. He was a little apologetic and told everyone frankly. : "Today was an underestimation. We did less, so we prepared so much. Now when we look for food, there is nothing left."
Deng Yingchao continued the topic and said: "Today, I took out all the money from the house. The sugar for making porridge is 100%." ”
After hearing this, everyone was shocked: “It turns out that the Prime Minister’s family is just like ordinary people. There is not much food at home.”
Picture | Premier Zhou and Deng Yingchao
Pu Yi is suffering from an incurable disease. , in order to cure his disease, Premier Zhou personally did a lot of work.
As early as mid-May 1962, Puyi suffered from slight blood drowning, which was a precursor to kidney cancer . By early September 1964, the phenomenon of blood drowning occurred again. After another two months, the phenomenon of blood drowning occurred again. When the condition became serious, he was admitted to the People's Hospital for hospitalization. It was at this time that Premier Zhou learned about Puyi's condition.
Once, Premier Zhou sent a car to pick up Puyi in Dongguanyin Hutong and asked him to attend the state guest banquet as his companion. Puyi failed to attend. Only then did Premier Zhou learn that Puyi was hospitalized due to drowning.
The next morning, Premier Zhou personally called and told him that he wanted to invite experts to consult Puyi. That evening, the famous urology expert Wu Jieping, as well as several other experts from the Department of Surgery and Oncology, consulted on Puyi's disease.
In early March 1965, while Puyi was hospitalized in the People's Hospital, he discovered two small tumors in his bladder, as big as soybeans and as big as mulberries, and they were suspected to be malignant tumors.
The doctor recommended surgery, but Puyi was very worried. Colleagues came to the hospital to comfort him. Premier Zhou also called to emphasize: "Puyi's bladder tumor must be cured." He also instructed the hospital to report Puyi at any time. condition.
html On March 23, the hospital performed fire therapy surgery on Puyi to burn away the bladder tumor. Puyi was very happy and regarded this day as an "unforgettable day".
On May 27, 1965, the hospital performed cystoscopy and nephrography for Puyi. The diagnosis result was: "Left renal papilloma requires left kidney and ureterectomy."
This should be regarded as the diagnostic opinion. After the patient was discharged in the afternoon of the next day, the hospital immediately explained it to the CPPCC. Premier Zhou instructed: "The consent of family members must be obtained for surgery."
After seeking the consent of Puyi's younger brother, Pujie, the operation was performed on June 7, 1965. The operation was performed by the famous urologist Wu Decheng. The left kidney was removed and the bladder was cut for one hour. The small part was connected to the ureter for half an hour and was successfully completed.
In the days after, Puyi's body always had problems of one kind or another. Every time a problem arises, Premier Zhou will express his concern.
In early October 1967, Puyi's condition deteriorated sharply and became irreversible. On October 17, Puyi stopped breathing and passed away.
Before Puyi died, he shouted loudly, asking doctors to save his life, not because he was afraid of death, but because he felt that too little work had been done after the amnesty. He left two last words: The first one is sorry to the party; the second one is not to worry about loving his wife.
Puyi's transformation from an emperor to a citizen can be said to be a rebirth. But we can't forget that Premier Zhou has put a lot of effort into this.
