The barrel artillery of the Chinese army during the Anti-Japanese War mainly relied on imports, which also caused the barrel artillery of the Chinese army to be mixed and difficult to distinguish during the Anti-Japanese War. Today, I will give a general introduction to the various barrel artillery equipped by the Chinese army during the Anti-Japanese War and their general situation for popular science.
Bofors M1930 75mm mountain cannon
Bofors M1930 75mm mountain cannon was originally imported from Germany by the National Government at that time with 20 times the diameter 75mm mountain cannon, and a total of 132 were imported before and after It is organized into 2 artillery brigades and 3 independent artillery battalions . This artillery has participated in almost all the wars in the early stage of the War of Resistance against Japan, the Battle of Xuzhou, the Battle of Songhu, and the Battle of Wuhan. Body cannon.
The M1930 L/20 75mm mountain cannon in combat
The shape of the gun is very easy to identify, that is, the upper and lower parts of the gun shield are curved, which is to prevent After the stray bullets and shrapnel hit the gun shield, they caused more serious secondary damage.
The upper and lower gun shields of this gun are curved
The target of this gun in the resistance war is the Japanese 94 type 75 mm mountain gun, and its maximum range is better than the Japanese 94 type. The 75mm mountain artillery is about 1 km longer, and it is one of the few artillery that has a quality advantage over Japanese artillery. Moreover, the 75mm mountain artillery shell used by the gun was able to produce by itself at the time, so in the early stage of the War of Resistance, it was the main barrel artillery of the Chinese army divisions and the following combat units.
Krupp 1903 L/29 75mm field gun
This Krupp field gun belongs to a basic 75mm field gun developed by Krupp. It mainly faces It was a user who was equipped with a variety of different-brand 75mm artillery at that time. After a simple modification, he could use the shell of other different-brand 75mm field guns. Therefore, it is very popular in countries with more artillery models such as China.
This is a basic 75mm gun that can be easily modified.
This gun has a long history of use in China, and has been compiled and deployed in the new army during the Qing government. Use this field gun. At that time, a division of the New Army of the Qing government had 36 75mm field guns and 18 75mm mountain cannons . This standard of artillery equipment, except for the Chinese troops stationed in India in the later period of the Anti-Japanese War, did not have the Chinese army to meet or Beyond.
The 1903 75mm field gun that is being transferred
This gun is for the Chinese army in the War of Resistance. Although has a maximum range of only 8 kilometers, its weight is only 950 kg. , Can be transferred by human or animal power after simple decomposition. In addition, some arsenals had corresponding imitation models at that time, so the supplement of its parts was relatively stable and the use time was relatively long.
Liao fourteen-year-old L/30 77mm field gun
This type of artillery is quite special. is the Austrian 1918 30-times 77mm field gun that was imitated at the Northeast Armory at the time. Because there was no high-strength gun steel that met the requirements in China at that time, the gun was produced directly using gun parts imported from Austria under the guidance of hired Austrian engineers.
Liao 14-year 77mm field gun
The gun has a maximum range of 11 kilometers and its performance is pretty good. At that time, a total of 320 parts of the Liao 14-year-old field guns, , were imported. Unfortunately, halfway through the September 18th Incident, the three eastern provinces fell and the arsenal of the three eastern provinces fell into the hands of the Japanese army. , The Japanese army seized a total of 147 Liao 14-year-old field guns, which was nearly half of the total production of this type of artillery.
Because it is a 77mm caliber, the Japanese army itself does not have a lot of equipment
However, because its 77mm caliber is not the mainstream artillery caliber of the Japanese army, the gun is mainly used by the Japanese army. Come to equip the puppet army and other combat units, the Japanese army itself does not have a lot of equipment.
Japanese 38-year 75mm field gun
This artillery was equipped with both Japanese and Chinese troops during the War of Resistance. Japan’s 38-year 75mm field gun is an imitation of the German K Krupp M1903 75mm field gun. Subsequently, the arsenal of the three northeastern provinces of China used the Japanese 38-type 75-mm field gun as the basis to imitate the Liao 13-year-old 75-mm field gun.
Japanese-made 38-year-old 75mm field gun
In addition to the imitation model of the Northeast Ordnance Factory, China’s earliest record of using this gun is the Beiyang Duan Qirui government Period . Because the procurement of arms of the Beiyang government at that time was controlled by the Japanese, the Beiyang infantry division of at that time was equipped with 36 38-year field guns as fire support.
Northeast Army soldiers using 38-year-old 75mm field guns
The peak of the second import of the gun was Zhang Zuolin's period, Northeast Army also imported from Japan A large number of 38-year-old field guns were equipped with their own troops, as a temporary supplement for the insufficient production capacity of the Northeast Arsenal at that time . The record of the large-scale use of the 38-year field artillery by the Chinese army at that time was the third Changsha victory. The artillery battalion was used as the combat unit to invest the 38-year field artillery against the Japanese army, and the results were quite fruitful.
Liao 14-year 150mm heavy howitzer
This gun is also the product of the Northeast Arsenal imitating the Japanese 38-year 150mm heavy howitzer. It is among all barrel artillery produced by the Northeast Arsenal. The largest and most powerful barrel artillery. However, the output of the Northeast Arsenal is very low, and only 21 Liao 14-year 150mm heavy howitzers were produced before and after.
Liao 14-year 150mm heavy howitzer
Northeast Army has a total of The 8th Independent Artillery Regiment and the 17th Independent Artillery Regiment use 150mm heavy howitzers, two artillery The regiment is equipped with a total of 32 150mm heavy howitzers, except for 21 produced by the Northeast Arsenal, the rest are original 38-year 150mm heavy howitzers imported from Japan .
Japanese 38-year-old 150mm heavy howitzer
In addition to the Northeast Army, the early Beiyang government also imported a part of 38-year-old 150mm heavy howitzer from Japan for use. Although the gun has a relatively short range of only 5.9 kilometers, it has a low production cost and a relatively simple structure. Therefore, the Japanese heavy artillery units were also equipped and used at that time.
The French Schneider 23-type 75mm light mountain cannon
has two positionings for this gun. It is generally called infantry gun in foreign countries, while light mountain gun in China. The biggest feature of this gun is its lightness. The combat weight of the whole gun is only 325 kg. It can be easily maneuvered and transferred by manpower after simple dismantling. Therefore, it was highly welcomed by China at that time.
Schneider 23 light mountain cannon, it can be seen that its elevation angle is very good.
In addition to being light, the elevation angle of is also very amazing, and its maximum elevation angle can reach 60 degrees. , You can use the barrel artillery to shoot the ballistic trajectory of the mortar to , the overall performance is much better than the Japanese 92-type infantry gun. However, because the number of imports was too small at that time, the total number was less than 100, so it failed to become the main equipment of the Chinese artillery at that time.
Schneider 1919 type 75Millimeter mountain cannon
The performance of this gun is average, and the maximum range of is 9.6 kilometers . In the combat organization of the French Army, it is generally equipped for artillery battalions to support regiment-level units. The gun weighs 677 kilograms, and can also be dragged by horses and other livestock. , it was still in use until the middle of the Anti-Japanese War.
is different from the German artillery shield. The upper and lower parts are not bent.
The biggest problem with this gun is that the number of imports is too small. was mainly adopted by the Guangdong army before the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War Foreign companies imported a batch from France, all equipped with for the Ninth Artillery Regiment. In the later period, due to the number of parts and battle damage, the number decreased, so it gradually reduced to the second-line position.
German-made SFH18 150mm heavy howitzer
This artillery was imported from Germany by China on the eve of the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War. In order to meet China’s maximum range of 15 kilometers, this gun is not the original German 30 Double diameter, but a special 32 times diameter, This is also a major feature of the gun.
Customized by China is a special 32 times diameter
Because the maximum weight of the gun has reached 7 tons, there is no way to use animal power for long-term towing, so specially imported Korean The Schell T33G1 6×4 off-road truck is used as a towing vehicle.
Hanschel T33G1 6×4 cross-country truck
China has imported 48 SFH18 150mm heavy howitzers from Germany, forming two heavy artillery. Regiment-Artillery 10th Regiment and Artillery 14th Regiment , participated in August 13 Songhu Battle, Nanjing Defence Battle, Three Changsha Battles, Guilin Defence Battle and many other battles, with outstanding achievements.
German-made leFH18 105mm howitzer
le means "short range" in German and is mainly used to distinguish from the 150mm howitzer. The leFH18 105mm howitzer was the standard field artillery of the German Army during World War II. It was mainly equipped for divisional artillery units. Because of its low total weight, it was also converted into a self-propelled artillery in the middle and late stages of the war.
The leFH18 howitzer
equipped by the Chinese army is different from the 150 heavy howitzer. The delivery of the leFH18 105 howitzer has not been completed. China has imported 60 leFH18 howitzers from Germany. But in fact, only 40 pieces arrived, and they were eventually organized into the 11th Mechanized Artillery Regiment and the 13th Mechanized Artillery Regiment. The 11th regiment was equipped with 24 and the 13th regiment was equipped with 16 units.
The leFH18 howitzer
was training because the early losses were too serious, so the later leFH18 howitzer basically did not carry out an organized and large-scale attack until 1944, LeFH18 has 24 remaining doors capable of fighting , and they are idle for most of the time.
From the point of view of attack frequency and killing effect, the leFH18 105mm howitzer is much better than the German 150mm heavy howitzer mentioned above. And its maintenance has been good. Unfortunately, there was no way to produce qualified 105mm shells in China at that time, which restricted its performance.
Conclusion
This article does not include American artillery, because American artillery was mainly used by the Chinese Army in India under the command of the US advisory group in the later period of the Anti-Japanese War. The independent use of the Chinese military is rare, so I won’t go into details here.
Generally speaking, China imported many types of artillery during the Anti-Japanese War, but because it did not have enough production capacity, there was no regulation of Japanese itineraries.The modular artillery advantage is also a great pity.
